clang-format: regenerate configs

Regenerated `.clang-format` from current configs to replace deprecated keys with up-to-date equivalents.
Also added all current formatter default values to guard against version differences.

The configs were updated with the following command (using v16 for maximal compatibility):
   $(brew --prefix llvm@16)/bin/clang-format -dump-config -style=file:src/.clang-format

The new config was tested with:
   $(brew --prefix llvm@16)/bin/clang-format -i src/deploymentinfo.h

Co-authored-by: MarcoFalke <*~=`'#}+{/-|&$^_@721217.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Hodlinator <172445034+hodlinator@users.noreply.github.com>

doc/developer-notes.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Do not submit patches solely to modify the style of existing code.
 [clang-format-diff script](/contrib/devtools/README.md#clang-format-diffpy)
 tool to clean up patches automatically before submission.
   - Braces on new lines for classes, functions, methods.
-  - Braces on the same line for everything else.
+  - Braces on the same line for everything else (including structs).
   - 4 space indentation (no tabs) for every block except namespaces.
   - No indentation for `public`/`protected`/`private` or for `namespace`.
   - No extra spaces inside parentheses; don't do `( this )`.