Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#32027: cmake: Add NO_CACHE_IF_FAILED option for checking linker flags

52ac17757e cmake: Add `NO_CACHE_IF_FAILED` option for checking linker flags (Hennadii Stepanov)

Pull request description:

  Use it for checking `-fsanitize`.

  This change improves the user experience when the configuration step fails due to a missing library. Now, there is no need to manually clean the CMake cache after installing the required library.

  Addresses [this](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/31942#issuecomment-2703801270) comment from https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/31942.

ACKs for top commit:
  fanquake:
    ACK 52ac17757e

Tree-SHA512: 4004110585413792faa01551cf5a5b3b0de7f213c7a1dd333647107741f84abf626fd0ed067fc17e4c5a523de549432738d3752facf25d1e3dab240be8d13d03

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -374,6 +374,7 @@ if(SANITIZERS)
       int main() { return 0; }
     "
     RESULT_VAR linker_supports_sanitizers
+    NO_CACHE_IF_FAILED
   )
   if(NOT linker_supports_sanitizers)
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Linker did not accept requested flags, you are missing required libraries.")