Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#23253: bitcoin-tx: Reject non-integral and out of range int strings

fa6f29de51 bitcoin-tx: Reject non-integral and out of range multisig numbers (MarcoFalke)
fafab8ea5e bitcoin-tx: Reject non-integral and out of range sequence ids (MarcoFalke)
fa53d3d826 test: Check that bitcoin-tx accepts whitespace around sequence id and multisig numbers (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Seems odd to silently accept arbitrary strings that don't even represent integral values.

  Fix that.

ACKs for top commit:
  practicalswift:
    cr ACK fa6f29de51
  laanwj:
    Code review ACK fa6f29de51
  Empact:
    Code review ACK https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/23253/commits/fa6f29de516c7af5206b91b59ada466032329250
  promag:
    Code review ACK fa6f29de51.

Tree-SHA512: e31f7f21fe55ac069e755557bdbcae8d5d29e20ff82e441ebdfc65153e3a31a4edd46ad3e6dea5190ecbd1b8ea5a8f94daa5d59a3b7558e46e794e30db0e6c79

test/lint/lint-locale-dependence.sh

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ export LC_ALL=C
 #       independent ToIntegral<T>(...) or the ParseInt*() functions.
 # TODO: Reduce KNOWN_VIOLATIONS by replacing uses of locale dependent snprintf with strprintf.
 KNOWN_VIOLATIONS=(
-    "src/bitcoin-tx.cpp.*stoul"
     "src/dbwrapper.cpp:.*vsnprintf"
     "src/test/dbwrapper_tests.cpp:.*snprintf"
     "src/test/fuzz/locale.cpp"