indexes, refactor: Pass Chain interface instead of CChainState class to indexes

Passing abstract Chain interface will let indexes run in separate
processes.

This commit does not change behavior in any way.

test/lint/lint-circular-dependencies.py

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ EXPECTED_CIRCULAR_DEPENDENCIES = (
     "wallet/wallet -> wallet/walletdb -> wallet/wallet",
     "kernel/coinstats -> validation -> kernel/coinstats",
     "kernel/mempool_persist -> validation -> kernel/mempool_persist",
+
+    # Temporary, removed in followup https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/24230
+    "index/base -> node/context -> net_processing -> index/blockfilterindex -> index/base",
 )
 
 CODE_DIR = "src"