Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#31172: build: increase minimum supported Windows to 10.0

ee1128ead8 doc: update stack-clash-protection comment re mingw-w64 (fanquake)
bf47448f15 test: drop check for Windows < 10 (fanquake)
35b898c47f release: target Windows 10 or later (fanquake)
398754e70b depends: target Windows 10 when building for mingw-w64 (fanquake)

Pull request description:

  Follows up to https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/31048#discussion_r1803165670.

  We definitely cannot claim that Bitcoin Core is "supported and extensively tested on" on Windows 7.

  Note that #30997 is also increasing the minimum required Windows version (for the GUI) to 10.

ACKs for top commit:
  hodlinator:
    cr-ACK ee1128ead8
  davidgumberg:
    ACK https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/ee1128ead846698db5e5633f193883837f2fbc64
  achow101:
    ACK ee1128ead8
  hebasto:
    re-ACK ee1128ead8, only rebased, a commit message and a comment have been amended since my recent [review](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/31172#pullrequestreview-2415452160).
  TheCharlatan:
    ACK ee1128ead8

Tree-SHA512: 245e0bac3d63414d919a1948661fef4ff79359faaacaf19d64abd91cc62e822797fb1cf3379e340bfdf9a85c0b88fd99a90eda450dd4218b6213ab78aefb1374

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ if(WIN32)
   ]=]
 
   target_compile_definitions(core_interface INTERFACE
-    _WIN32_WINNT=0x0601
-    _WIN32_IE=0x0501
+    _WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00
+    _WIN32_IE=0x0A00
     WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
     NOMINMAX
   )
@@ -292,9 +292,11 @@ if(WIN32)
     # See https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=54412.
     try_append_cxx_flags("-Wa,-muse-unaligned-vector-move" TARGET core_interface SKIP_LINK)
     try_append_linker_flag("-static" TARGET core_interface)
-    # We require Windows 7 (NT 6.1) or later.
+    # We support Windows 10+, however it's not possible to set these values accordingly,
+    # due to a bug in mingw-w64. See https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/bugs/968/.
+    # As a best effort, target Windows 8.
     try_append_linker_flag("-Wl,--major-subsystem-version,6" TARGET core_interface)
-    try_append_linker_flag("-Wl,--minor-subsystem-version,1" TARGET core_interface)
+    try_append_linker_flag("-Wl,--minor-subsystem-version,2" TARGET core_interface)
   endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -478,8 +480,7 @@ if(ENABLE_HARDENING)
     try_append_cxx_flags("-fcf-protection=full" TARGET hardening_interface)
 
     if(MINGW)
-      # stack-clash-protection doesn't compile with GCC 10 and earlier.
-      # In any case, it is a no-op for Windows.
+      # stack-clash-protection is a no-op for Windows.
       # See https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90458 for more details.
     else()
       try_append_cxx_flags("-fstack-clash-protection" TARGET hardening_interface)