Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#33775: guix: use GCC 14.3.0 over 13.3.0

2a746500fa ci: migrate some jobs to Debian Trixie, use GCC 14 (fanquake)
fb0e6edfe8 guix: Apply SSA generation patch to maintain determinism (Mara van der Laan)
34909799fe guix: use GCC 14.3.0 over 13.3.0 (fanquake)
47be9122a7 guix: disable gprofng in GCC (fanquake)
ea29329eb7 guix: build GCC with --enable-host-bind-now (fanquake)
6f54e267d0 guix: disable libquadmath in GCC (fanquake)
7735901ed2 guix: disable building libgomp in GCC (fanquake)

Pull request description:

  Switching to using GCC 14.x for release builds has come up multiple times recently. It will eventually be needed for #25573, and could also be useful for #30210.

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK 2a746500fa. I have reviewed the code and it looks OK. The new GCC patch looks reasonable.
  theuni:
    utACK 2a746500fa
  sedited:
    ACK 2a746500fa

Tree-SHA512: 56912bed19386f06d52fb94e0ef6d96f5415ab2de8b5e94890806d7cc0b937a3c4b11cc161aa2e06ca2fd3c392ef7501c91688e0897e1c1c51aafa963f3e50d9

ci/test/00_setup_env_native_valgrind.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
-export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG="mirror.gcr.io/ubuntu:24.04"
+export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG="mirror.gcr.io/debian:trixie"
 export CONTAINER_NAME=ci_native_valgrind
 export PACKAGES="valgrind python3-zmq libevent-dev libboost-dev libzmq3-dev libsqlite3-dev libcapnp-dev capnproto python3-pip"
 export PIP_PACKAGES="--break-system-packages pycapnp"