Update LogAcceptCategory() and unit tests with log severity levels

Co-authored-by: "Jon Atack <jon@atack.com>"

test/functional/test_framework/test_node.py

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ class TestNode():
             self.args.append("-logthreadnames")
         if self.version_is_at_least(219900):
             self.args.append("-logsourcelocations")
+        if self.version_is_at_least(239000):
+            self.args.append("-loglevel=debug")
 
         self.cli = TestNodeCLI(bitcoin_cli, self.datadir)
         self.use_cli = use_cli