Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#32767: ci: Allow running CI in worktrees

fa68dcb207 ci: Add missing errexit to lint CI install (MarcoFalke)
fa535a6de7 ci: Allow running CI in worktrees (MarcoFalke)
faf6a04597 ci: Clean UID/GID mismatch (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Fixes #30028 (modulo lint and tidy CI).

  The error on current master in a worktree is:

  ```
  $ git worktree add ./main origin/master && cd ./main
  $ MAKEJOBS="-j$(nproc)" FILE_ENV="./ci/test/00_setup_env_mac_cross.sh" ./ci/test_run_all.sh
  ...
  + git config --global ci.base-install-done true
  fatal: not a git repository: /root/b-c-ci/.git/worktrees/main
  ```

  So just use a plain file, instead of git. Also, enable pipefail while touching this bash script.

ACKs for top commit:
  willcl-ark:
    tACK fa68dcb207

Tree-SHA512: 0ce360a80883b4aa655fe8a99c38eb54a465b17c7cdb0a69a2d886ff78da32d6af996412ffc5b0db0322acafa9650619838573484de8243dc41594a04a6e17ec

test/lint/README.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ or `--help`:
 | `py_lint` | [ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
 | markdown link check | [mlc](https://github.com/becheran/mlc)
 
-In use versions and install instructions are available in the [CI setup](../../ci/lint/04_install.sh).
+In use versions and install instructions are available in the [CI setup](../../ci/lint/01_install.sh).
 
 Please be aware that on Linux distributions all dependencies are usually available as packages, but could be outdated.