contrib: Use text=True in subprocess over manual encoding handling

All touched Python scripts already assume and require UTF8, so manually
specifying encoding or decoding for functions in the subprocess module
is redundant to just using text=True, which exists since Python 3.7

contrib/devtools/copyright_header.py

@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ GIT_LS_CMD = 'git ls-files --full-name'.split(' ')
 GIT_TOPLEVEL_CMD = 'git rev-parse --show-toplevel'.split(' ')
 
 def call_git_ls(base_directory):
-    out = subprocess.check_output([*GIT_LS_CMD, base_directory])
+    out = subprocess.check_output([*GIT_LS_CMD, base_directory], text=True)
-    return [f for f in out.decode("utf-8").split('\n') if f != '']
+    return [f for f in out.split('\n') if f != '']
 
 def call_git_toplevel():
     "Returns the absolute path to the project root"
-    return subprocess.check_output(GIT_TOPLEVEL_CMD).strip().decode("utf-8")
+    return subprocess.check_output(GIT_TOPLEVEL_CMD, text=True).strip()
 
 def get_filenames_to_examine(base_directory):
     "Returns an array of absolute paths to any project files in the base_directory that pass the include/exclude filters"
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ def report_cmd(argv):
 GIT_LOG_CMD = "git log --pretty=format:%%ai %s"
 
 def call_git_log(filename):
-    out = subprocess.check_output((GIT_LOG_CMD % filename).split(' '))
+    out = subprocess.check_output((GIT_LOG_CMD % filename).split(' '), text=True)
-    return out.decode("utf-8").split('\n')
+    return out.split('\n')
 
 def get_git_change_years(filename):
     git_log_lines = call_git_log(filename)

contrib/verify-commits/verify-commits.py

@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ def main():
 
         # Check that the commit (and parents) was signed with a trusted key
         valid_sig = False
-        verify_res = subprocess.run([GIT, '-c', 'gpg.program={}/gpg.sh'.format(dirname), 'verify-commit', "--raw", current_commit], capture_output=True)
+        verify_res = subprocess.run([GIT, '-c', 'gpg.program={}/gpg.sh'.format(dirname), 'verify-commit', "--raw", current_commit], text=True, capture_output=True)
-        for line in verify_res.stderr.decode().splitlines():
+        for line in verify_res.stderr.splitlines():
             if line.startswith("[GNUPG:] VALIDSIG "):
                 key = line.split(" ")[-1]
                 valid_sig = key in trusted_keys
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def main():
             if prev_commit != "":
                 print("No parent of {} was signed with a trusted key!".format(prev_commit), file=sys.stderr)
                 print("Parents are:", file=sys.stderr)
-                parents = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%P', prev_commit]).decode('utf8').splitlines()[0].split(' ')
+                parents = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%P', prev_commit], text=True).splitlines()[0].split(' ')
                 for parent in parents:
                     subprocess.call([GIT, 'show', '-s', parent], stdout=sys.stderr)
             else:
@@ -162,29 +162,29 @@ def main():
         # Check the Tree-SHA512
         if (verify_tree or prev_commit == "") and current_commit not in incorrect_sha512_allowed:
             tree_hash = tree_sha512sum(current_commit)
-            if ("Tree-SHA512: {}".format(tree_hash)) not in subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%B', current_commit]).decode('utf8').splitlines():
+            if ("Tree-SHA512: {}".format(tree_hash)) not in subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%B', current_commit], text=True).splitlines():
                 print("Tree-SHA512 did not match for commit " + current_commit, file=sys.stderr)
                 sys.exit(1)
 
         # Merge commits should only have two parents
-        parents = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%P', current_commit]).decode('utf8').splitlines()[0].split(' ')
+        parents = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%P', current_commit], text=True).splitlines()[0].split(' ')
         if len(parents) > 2:
             print("Commit {} is an octopus merge".format(current_commit), file=sys.stderr)
             sys.exit(1)
 
         # Check that the merge commit is clean
-        commit_time = int(subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%ct', current_commit]).decode('utf8').splitlines()[0])
+        commit_time = int(subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '-s', '--format=format:%ct', current_commit], text=True).splitlines()[0])
         check_merge = commit_time > time.time() - args.clean_merge * 24 * 60 * 60  # Only check commits in clean_merge days
         allow_unclean = current_commit in unclean_merge_allowed
         if len(parents) == 2 and check_merge and not allow_unclean:
-            current_tree = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '--format=%T', current_commit]).decode('utf8').splitlines()[0]
+            current_tree = subprocess.check_output([GIT, 'show', '--format=%T', current_commit], text=True).splitlines()[0]
 
             # This merge-tree functionality requires git >= 2.38. The
             # --write-tree option was added in order to opt-in to the new
             # behavior. Older versions of git will not recognize the option and
             # will instead exit with code 128.
             try:
-                recreated_tree = subprocess.check_output([GIT, "merge-tree", "--write-tree", parents[0], parents[1]]).decode('utf8').splitlines()[0]
+                recreated_tree = subprocess.check_output([GIT, "merge-tree", "--write-tree", parents[0], parents[1]], text=True).splitlines()[0]
             except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                 if e.returncode == 128:
                     print("git v2.38+ is required for this functionality.", file=sys.stderr)

test/functional/feature_framework_startup_failures.py

@@ -43,15 +43,13 @@ class FeatureFrameworkStartupFailures(BitcoinTestFramework):
         args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv + [f"--tmpdir={self.options.tmpdir}/{subdir}", f"--internal_test={test.__name__}"] + internal_args
 
         try:
-            # The subprocess encoding argument gives different results for e.output
-            # on Linux/Windows, so handle decoding by ourselves for consistency.
             output = subprocess.run(args, timeout=60 * self.options.timeout_factor,
-                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).stdout.decode("utf-8")
+                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True).stdout
         except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
             print("Unexpected child process timeout!\n"
                   "WARNING: Timeouts like this halt execution of TestNode logic, "
                   "meaning dangling bitcoind processes are to be expected.\n"
-                  f"<CHILD OUTPUT BEGIN>\n{e.output.decode('utf-8')}\n<CHILD OUTPUT END>",
+                  f"<CHILD OUTPUT BEGIN>\n{e.output}\n<CHILD OUTPUT END>",
                   file=sys.stderr)
             raise
 

test/functional/tool_signet_miner.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# Copyright (c) 2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 """Test signet miner tool"""
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class SignetMinerTest(BitcoinTestFramework):
                 'genpsbt',
                 f'--address={node.getnewaddress()}',
                 '--poolnum=98',
-            ], check=True, input=json.dumps(template).encode('utf8'), capture_output=True)
+            ], check=True, text=True, input=json.dumps(template), capture_output=True)
-        psbt = genpsbt.stdout.decode('utf8').strip()
+        psbt = genpsbt.stdout.strip()
         if sign:
             self.log.debug("Sign the PSBT")
             res = node.walletprocesspsbt(psbt=psbt, sign=True, sighashtype='ALL')
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ class SignetMinerTest(BitcoinTestFramework):
         solvepsbt = subprocess.run(base_cmd + [
                 'solvepsbt',
                 f'--grind-cmd={shlex.join(util_argv)}',
-            ], check=True, input=psbt.encode('utf8'), capture_output=True)
+            ], check=True, text=True, input=psbt, capture_output=True)
-        node.submitblock(solvepsbt.stdout.decode('utf8').strip())
+        node.submitblock(solvepsbt.stdout.strip())
         assert_equal(node.getblockcount(), n_blocks + 1)
 
     def run_test(self):

test/lint/check-doc.py

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# Copyright (c) 2015-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2015-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
 '''
 This checks if all command line args are documented.
 Return value is 0 to indicate no error.
-
-Author: @MarcoFalke
 '''
 
 from subprocess import check_output
@@ -27,8 +25,8 @@ SET_DOC_OPTIONAL = set(['-h', '-?', '-dbcrashratio', '-forcecompactdb', '-ipccon
 
 
 def lint_missing_argument_documentation():
-    used = check_output(CMD_GREP_ARGS, shell=True).decode('utf8').strip()
+    used = check_output(CMD_GREP_ARGS, shell=True, text=True).strip()
-    docd = check_output(CMD_GREP_DOCS, shell=True).decode('utf8').strip()
+    docd = check_output(CMD_GREP_DOCS, shell=True, text=True).strip()
 
     args_used = set(re.findall(re.compile(REGEX_ARG), used))
     args_docd = set(re.findall(re.compile(REGEX_DOC), docd)).union(SET_DOC_OPTIONAL)
@@ -46,8 +44,8 @@ def lint_missing_argument_documentation():
 
 
 def lint_missing_hidden_wallet_args():
-    wallet_args = check_output(CMD_GREP_WALLET_ARGS, shell=True).decode('utf8').strip()
+    wallet_args = check_output(CMD_GREP_WALLET_ARGS, shell=True, text=True).strip()
-    wallet_hidden_args = check_output(CMD_GREP_WALLET_HIDDEN_ARGS, shell=True).decode('utf8').strip()
+    wallet_hidden_args = check_output(CMD_GREP_WALLET_HIDDEN_ARGS, shell=True, text=True).strip()
 
     wallet_args = set(re.findall(re.compile(REGEX_DOC), wallet_args))
     wallet_hidden_args = set(re.findall(re.compile(r'    "([^"=]+)'), wallet_hidden_args))

test/lint/lint-files.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def get_git_file_metadata() -> dict[str, FileMeta]:
     '''
     Return a dictionary mapping the name of all files in the repository to git tree metadata.
     '''
-    files_raw = check_output(CMD_ALL_FILES).decode("utf8").rstrip("\0").split("\0")
+    files_raw = check_output(CMD_ALL_FILES, text=True).rstrip("\0").split("\0")
     files = {}
     for file_spec in files_raw:
         meta = FileMeta(file_spec)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def check_shebang_file_permissions(files_meta) -> int:
     """
     Checks every file that contains a shebang line to ensure it has an executable permission
     """
-    filenames = check_output(CMD_SHEBANG_FILES).decode("utf8").strip().split("\n")
+    filenames = check_output(CMD_SHEBANG_FILES, text=True).strip().split("\n")
 
     # The git grep command we use returns files which contain a shebang on any line within the file
     # so we need to filter the list to only files with the shebang on the first line
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def check_shebang_file_permissions(files_meta) -> int:
 
 
 def main() -> NoReturn:
-    root_dir = check_output(CMD_TOP_LEVEL).decode("utf8").strip()
+    root_dir = check_output(CMD_TOP_LEVEL, text=True).strip()
     os.chdir(root_dir)
 
     files = get_git_file_metadata()

test/lint/lint-include-guards.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _get_header_file_lst() -> list[str]:
     """
     git_cmd_lst = ['git', 'ls-files', '--', '*.h']
     header_file_lst = check_output(
-        git_cmd_lst).decode('utf-8').splitlines()
+        git_cmd_lst, text=True).splitlines()
 
     header_file_lst = [hf for hf in header_file_lst
                        if not any(ef in hf for ef

test/lint/lint-python-dead-code.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ def check_vulture_install():
 def main():
     check_vulture_install()
 
-    files = check_output(FILES_ARGS).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
+    files = check_output(FILES_ARGS, text=True).splitlines()
     # --min-confidence 100 will only report code that is guaranteed to be unused within the analyzed files.
     # Any value below 100 introduces the risk of false positives, which would create an unacceptable maintenance burden.
     vulture_args = ['vulture', '--min-confidence=100'] + files
 
     try:
-        check_output(vulture_args, stderr=STDOUT)
+        check_output(vulture_args, stderr=STDOUT, text=True)
     except CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(e.output.decode("utf-8"), end="")
+        print(e.output, end="")
         print("Python dead code detection found some issues")
         exit(1)
 

test/lint/lint-python.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def check_dependencies():
 def main():
     check_dependencies()
 
-    mypy_files = subprocess.check_output(MYPY_FILES_ARGS).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
+    mypy_files = subprocess.check_output(MYPY_FILES_ARGS, text=True).splitlines()
     mypy_args = ['mypy', '--show-error-codes'] + mypy_files
 
     try:

test/lint/lint-shell-locale.py

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ def get_shell_files_list():
         '*.sh',
     ]
     try:
-        return subprocess.check_output(command, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT).decode('utf-8').splitlines()
+        return subprocess.check_output(command, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT, text=True).splitlines()
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
         if e.returncode > 1: # return code is 1 when match is empty
-            print(e.output.decode('utf-8'), end='')
+            print(e.output, end='')
             sys.exit(1)
         return []
 

test/lint/lint-spelling.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ def check_codespell_install():
 def main():
     check_codespell_install()
 
-    files = check_output(FILES_ARGS).decode("utf-8").splitlines()
+    files = check_output(FILES_ARGS, text=True).splitlines()
     codespell_args = ['codespell', '--check-filenames', '--disable-colors', '--quiet-level=7', '--ignore-words={}'.format(IGNORE_WORDS_FILE)] + files
 
     try:
-        check_output(codespell_args, stderr=STDOUT)
+        check_output(codespell_args, stderr=STDOUT, text=True)
     except CalledProcessError as e:
-        print(e.output.decode("utf-8"), end="")
+        print(e.output, end="")
         print('^ Warning: codespell identified likely spelling errors. Any false positives? Add them to the list of ignored words in {}'.format(IGNORE_WORDS_FILE))
 
 

test/lint/lint-submodule.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
+# Copyright (c) 2022-present The Bitcoin Core developers
 # Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
 # file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import sys
 
 def main():
     submodules_list = subprocess.check_output(['git', 'submodule', 'status', '--recursive'],
-                                                text = True, encoding = 'utf8').rstrip('\n')
+                                                text = True).rstrip('\n')
     if submodules_list:
         print("These submodules were found, delete them:\n", submodules_list)
         sys.exit(1)