diff --git a/bin/README.md b/bin/README.md
index 9287d64f4..027130af3 100644
--- a/bin/README.md
+++ b/bin/README.md
@@ -134,6 +134,109 @@ the top level `Makefile` by:
 ```
 
 
+<div id="csv2entry">
+### [csv2entry.sh](%%REPO_URL%%/bin/csv2entry.sh)
+</div>
+
+Convert CSV files into `.entry.json` for all entries.
+
+This tool takes as input, the following CSV files:
+
+- [author_wins.csv](#author_wins_csv) - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids
+- [manifest.csv](#manifest_csv) - information about files under a entry
+- [year_prize.csv](#year_prize_csv) - entry_id followed by the entry's award
+
+This tool updates `.entry.json` files for all entries.
+Only those `.entry.json` files whose content is modified are written.
+
+For example:
+
+``` <!---sh-->
+    bin/csv2entry.sh -v 1
+```
+
+There is no requirement to sort the CSV files, nor convert
+them to UNIX format, nor append a final newline to the file.
+
+This tool will canonicalize CSV files before using them
+as input.  Thus, if one wishes to import the CSV file into
+some spreadsheet such as the [macOS](https://www.apple.com/macos)
+[Numbers](https://www.apple.com/numbers/) spreadsheet,
+modifies the content and final exports back to the CSV file,
+this tool will modify the CSV file (if needed) in order
+to restore the CSV order and other canonicalizing processes.
+
+This tool will flag as an error, any empty fields, fields that are
+an un-quoted _NULL_ or _null_, fields that start with whitespace,
+fields that ends with whitespace, or fields that contain consecutive
+whitespace characters.
+
+
+#### Internal details of `bin/csv2entry.sh`
+
+We first canonicalize the CSV files by replacing any "carriage
+return line feeds" with "newlines.  We also make sure that the CSV
+file ends in a newline.  We do this because some spreadsheet
+applications, when exporting to a CSV file, do not do this.
+
+We also sort the CSV files in the same way that `bin/entry2csv.sh`
+sorts its CSV output files.  We do this in case the
+CSV files were imported into a spreadsheet where their order
+was changed before exporting.  This means one is free
+to order the CSV file content as you wish as this
+tool will reset these CSV file.
+
+Next this tool processes the non-CSV comment lines in manifest.csv.
+The 1st and 2nd fields of [manifest.csv](#manifest_csv) prefer to entry YYYY and
+entry sub-directory (i.e., the YYYY/dir directory under the
+root of the git repository).  From that list of YYYY/dir
+IOCCC entry directories, we will create the `.entry.json` files.
+We only modify those `.entry.json` files when their content changes.
+
+**NOTE**:
+
+While this tool uses `jparse(1)` to verify that the modified
+`.entry.json` contains valid JSON content, this tool does NOT
+perform any semantic checks.  For example, this tool does NOT
+verify that the manifest in the `.entry.json` file matches the
+files in the YYYY/dir directory, or even that the `.entry.json`
+contains a manifest (or any of the other required JSON content).
+
+
+<div id="entry2csv2">
+### [entry2csv.sh](%%REPO_URL%%/bin/entry2csv.sh)
+</div>
+
+This tool takes as input, all entry `.entry.json` files
+and updates 3 CSV files:
+
+- [author_wins.csv](#author_wins_csv) - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids
+- [manifest.csv](#manifest_csv) - information about files under a entry
+- [year_prize.csv](#year_prize_csv) - entry_id followed by the entry's award
+
+The CSV files are written in a canonical UNIX format form.
+
+Only those CSV files files whose content is modified are written.
+
+#### Internal details of `bin/entry2csv.sh`
+
+We generate CSV files from the `.entry.json` files from winning
+IOCCC entries listed under years listed in the `.top` file,
+and in sub-directories listed in the `YYYY/.year` file for the
+given year.  Only those entries so listed are processed.
+
+All IOCCC entry directories must have a `.path` file that lists
+the path of the entry's directory from the TOPDIR.
+
+**NOTE**:
+
+When adding a new IOCCC years entries, the `.top` file MUST
+be updated, and the new IOCCC year `YYYY/.year` files MUST
+reference the directory of the new IOCCC entries.  They
+must also contain a `.path` file that contains the path
+of the IOCCC entry directory from the TOPDIR.
+
+
 <div id="filelist-entry-json-awk">
 ### [filelist.entry.json.awk](%%REPO_URL%%/bin/filelist.entry.json.awk)
 </div>
@@ -1305,6 +1408,113 @@ A string that identifies the winning entry.  The string is of the form:
 ```
 
 
+<div id="csv">
+# CSV files
+</div>
+
+The `bin/csv2entry.sh` and `bin/entry2csv.sh` tools use the following
+3 CSV files.  In the case of `bin/entry2csv.sh`, these 3 CSV files
+are created / updated.  In the case of `bin/csv2entry.sh`, these 3
+CSV files are used as input.
+
+
+<div id="author_wins_csv">
+## author_wins.csv
+</div>
+
+A CSV spreadsheet: one line per `author`.
+
+The first field is an `author_handle`.
+
+The other fields are the `entry_id`'s of all _YYYY/dir_ entry's won by the `author`.
+
+
+<div id="manifest_csv">
+## manifest.csv
+</div>
+
+A CSV spreadsheet contains information about files in _YYYY/dir_ entry directories under year directories.
+This file has the following fields:
+
+1. year:
+
+   IOCCC year as a 4-character string.  Normally this would be a 4 digit year string,
+   however it may also be a string such as "mock".
+
+   NOTE: If year begins with "#", then dir is a comment, and the
+   rest of the row is to be ignored.  Rows of this form do NOT
+   contain manifest information for a file.
+
+2. dir:
+
+   Directory name number the IOCCC year.
+
+3. path:
+
+   Path under the IOCCC/directory.  In a few cases this is a path,
+   not just a simple filename under the IOCCC/directory.
+
+4. inventory_order:
+
+   This number is the rank showing the order
+   that this file is to be listed for the given entry's in
+   the winning entry's `index.html` file.
+
+   If the number is 9 digits or less, then the given file
+   is considered a primary file when listed in the inventory
+   of files for a given winning _YYYY/dir_ entry.
+
+   If the number is 10 digits or more, then the given file
+   is considered a secondary file when listed in the inventory
+   of files for a given winning _YYYY/dir_ entry  We recommend using the
+   value **4294967295** (2^32-1) for secondary files.
+
+5. OK_to_edit:
+
+   If the value is `true`, then the file is one that may be
+   edited directly.
+
+   If the value is `false`, then the file should **NOT** be
+   edited, because the given file is generated by a tool.
+   One should **NOT** modify such a file directly, but
+   instead modify source files (i.e., markdown files,
+   JSON files, etc.)
+
+6. display_as:
+
+   The type of given file.
+
+7. display_via_github
+
+   If `true`, then the contents of the file should be viewed
+   via the GitHub repo.
+
+   If `false`, then the contents of the file should be viewed
+   in the web browser directly.  In some cases this may
+   result in the file being downloaded instead of being displayed.
+
+8. entry_text:
+
+    Any text that should be displayed at the end of line in `index.html`
+    (with a preceding " - "), or null is no such text is to be displayed.
+
+
+NOTE: Cells containing true or false are JSON booleans.
+NOTE: All other cells are JSON strings that need to be double quoted, including the year.
+NOTE: Do not put commas, nor quotes, nor newlines in fields as these are bound to cause problems.
+
+
+<div id="year_prize_csv">
+## year_prize.csv
+</div>
+
+A CSV spreadsheet: one line per _YYYY/dir_ entry directory.
+
+The first field is a `entry_id`.
+
+The second field is the name of the award for given _YYYY/dir_ entry.
+
+
 <!--
 
     Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
diff --git a/bin/csv2entry.sh b/bin/csv2entry.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3967f99ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/csv2entry.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1456 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# csv2entry.sh - convert CSV files into .entry.json for all entries
+#
+# This tool takes as input, the following CSV files:
+#
+# author_wins.csv - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids
+# manifest.csv - information about files under a entry
+# year_prize.csv - entry_id followed by the entry's award
+#
+# This tool updates .entry.json files for all entries.
+# Only those .entry.json files whose content is modified are written.
+#
+# There is no requirement to sort the CSV files, nor convert
+# them to UNIX format, nor append a final newline to the file.
+#
+# This tool will canonicalize CSV files before using them
+# as input.  Thus, if one wishes to import the CSV file into
+# some spreadsheet such as the [macOS](https://www.apple.com/macos)
+# [Numbers](https://www.apple.com/numbers/) spreadsheet,
+# modifies the content and final exports back to the CSV file,
+# this tool will modify the CSV file (if needed) in order
+# to restore the CSV order and other canonicalizing processes.
+#
+# This tool will flag as an error, any empty fields, fields that are
+# an un-quoted _NULL_ or _null_, fields that start with whitespace,
+# fields that ends with whitespace, or fields that contain consecutive
+# whitespace characters.
+#
+# Internal details of csv2entry.sh
+#
+# We first canonicalize the CSV files by replacing any "carriage
+# return line feeds" with "newlines.  We also make sure that the CSV
+# file ends in a newline.  We do this because some spreadsheet
+# applications, when exporting to a CSV file, do not do this.
+#
+# We also sort the CSV files in the same way that `bin/entry2csv.sh`
+# sorts its CSV output files.  We do this in case the
+# CSV files were imported into a spreadsheet where their order
+# was changed before exporting.  This means one is free
+# to order the CSV file content as you wish as this
+# tool will reset these CSV file.
+#
+# Next this tool processes the non-CSV comment lines in manifest.csv.
+# The 1st and 2nd fields of manifest.csv prefer to entry YYYY and
+# entry sub-directory (i.e., the YYYY/dir directory under the
+# root of the git repository).  From that list of YYYY/dir
+# IOCCC entry directories, we will create the `.entry.json` files.
+# We only modify those `.entry.json` files when their content changes.
+#
+# NOTE:
+#
+# While this tool uses `jparse(1)` to verify that the modified
+# `.entry.json` contains valid JSON content, this tool does NOT
+# perform any semantic checks.  For example, this tool does NOT
+# verify that the manifest in the `.entry.json` file matches the
+# files in the YYYY/dir directory, or even that the `.entry.json`
+# contains a manifest (or any of the other required JSON content).
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2024 by Landon Curt Noll.  All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+# its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+# provided that the above copyright, this permission notice and text
+# this comment, and the disclaimer below appear in all of the following:
+#
+#       supporting documentation
+#       source copies
+#       source works derived from this source
+#       binaries derived from this source or from derived source
+#
+# LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
+# INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO
+# EVENT SHALL LANDON CURT NOLL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
+# USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+# OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+#
+# chongo (Landon Curt Noll, http://www.isthe.com/chongo/index.html) /\oo/\
+#
+# Share and enjoy! :-)
+
+
+# firewall - run only with a bash that is version 5.1.8 or later
+#
+# The "/usr/bin/env bash" command must result in using a bash that
+# is version 5.1.8 or later.
+#
+# We could relax this version and insist on version 4.2 or later.  Versions
+# of bash between 4.2 and 5.1.7 might work.  However, to be safe, we will require
+# bash version 5.1.8 or later.
+#
+# WHY 5.1.8 and not 4.2?  This safely is done because macOS Homebrew bash we
+# often use is "version 5.2.26(1)-release" or later, and the RHEL Linux bash we
+# use often use is "version 5.1.8(1)-release" or later.  These versions are what
+# we initially tested.  We recommend you either upgrade bash or install a newer
+# version of bash and adjust your $PATH so that "/usr/bin/env bash" finds a bash
+# that is version 5.1.8 or later.
+#
+# NOTE: The macOS shipped, as of 2024 March 15, a version of bash is something like
+#	bash "version 3.2.57(1)-release".  That macOS shipped version of bash
+#	will NOT work.  For users of macOS we recommend you install Homebrew,
+#	(see https://brew.sh), and then run "brew install bash" which will
+#	typically install it into /opt/homebrew/bin/bash, and then arrange your $PATH
+#	so that "/usr/bin/env bash" finds "/opt/homebrew/bin" (or whatever the
+#	Homebrew bash is).
+#
+# NOTE: And while MacPorts might work, we noticed a number of subtle differences
+#	with some of their ported tools to suggest you might be better off
+#	with installing Homebrew (see https://brew.sh).  No disrespect is intended
+#	to the MacPorts team as they do a commendable job.  Nevertheless we ran
+#	into enough differences with MacPorts environments to suggest you
+#	might find a better experience with this tool under Homebrew instead.
+#
+if [[ -z ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} ||
+	 ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -lt 5 ||
+	 ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -eq 5 && ${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -lt 1 ||
+	 ${BASH_VERSINFO[0]} -eq 5 && ${BASH_VERSINFO[1]} -eq 1 && ${BASH_VERSINFO[2]} -lt 8 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: bash version needs to be >= 5.1.8: $BASH_VERSION" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: bash version >= 4.2 might work but 5.1.8 was the minimum we tested" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Notice: For macOS users: install Homebrew (see https://brew.sh), then run" \
+	 ""brew install bash" and then modify your \$PATH so that \"#!/usr/bin/env bash\"" \
+	 "finds the Homebrew installed (usually /opt/homebrew/bin/bash) version of bash" 1>&2
+    exit 4
+fi
+
+
+# setup bash file matching
+#
+# We must declare arrays with -ag or -Ag, and we need loops to "export" modified variables.
+# This requires a bash with a version 4.2 or later.  See the larger comment above about bash versions.
+#
+shopt -s nullglob	# enable expanded to nothing rather than remaining unexpanded
+shopt -u failglob	# disable error message if no matches are found
+shopt -u dotglob	# disable matching files starting with .
+shopt -u nocaseglob	# disable strict case matching
+shopt -u extglob	# enable extended globbing patterns
+shopt -s globstar	# enable ** to match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories
+
+# set variables referenced in the usage message
+#
+export VERSION="1.0 2024-07-19"
+NAME=$(basename "$0")
+export NAME
+export V_FLAG=0
+GIT_TOOL=$(type -P git)
+export GIT_TOOL
+if [[ -z "$GIT_TOOL" ]]; then
+    echo "$0: FATAL: git tool is not installed or not in \$PATH" 1>&2
+    exit 5
+fi
+DOS2UNIX_TOOL=$(type -P dos2unix)
+export DOS2UNIX_TOOL
+if [[ -z "$DOS2UNIX_TOOL" ]]; then
+    echo "$0: FATAL: dos2unix tool is not installed or not in \$PATH" 1>&2
+    exit 5
+fi
+"$GIT_TOOL" rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree >/dev/null 2>&1
+status="$?"
+if [[ $status -eq 0 ]]; then
+    TOPDIR=$("$GIT_TOOL" rev-parse --show-toplevel)
+fi
+export TOPDIR
+#
+export NOOP=
+export DO_NOT_PROCESS=
+export EXIT_CODE="0"
+#
+JPARSE_TOOL=$(type -P jparse)
+export JPARSE_TOOL
+export AUTHOR_WINS_CSV="author_wins.csv"
+export MANIFEST_CSV="manifest.csv"
+export YEAR_PRIZE_CSV="year_prize.csv"
+export DOT_ENTRY_JSON_BASENAME=".entry.json"
+export ENTRY_JSON_FORMAT_VERSION="1.1 2024-02-11"
+export NO_COMMENT="mandatory comment: because comments were removed from the original JSON spec"
+
+
+# canonicalize_csv
+#
+# We canonicalize the CSV file by replacing any "carriage
+# return line feeds" with "newlines.  We also make sure that the CSV
+# file ends in a newline.
+#
+# usage:
+#       canonicalize_csv input.cvs output.csv
+#
+# returns:
+#       0 ==> no errors detected, but output may be empty
+#     > 0 ==> function error number
+#
+function canonicalize_csv
+{
+    local INPUT_CSV;	# input CSV file
+    local OUTPUT_CSV;	# output CSV file
+    local status0;	# status for 1st command in pipe
+    local status1;	# status for 2nd command in pipe
+
+    # parse args
+    #
+    if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: expected 2 args, found $#" 1>&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+    INPUT_CSV="$1"
+    if [[ ! -e $INPUT_CSV ]]; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: input.cvs does not exist: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 2
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -f $INPUT_CSV ]]; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: input.cvs is not a file: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 3
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -r $INPUT_CSV ]]; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: input.cvs is not a readable file: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 4
+    fi
+    OUTPUT_CSV="$2"
+
+    # Convert any "carriage return line feeds" and add newline to last line if there isn't one.
+    # Add final newline if missing.
+    # Remove trailing empty fields in non-comment lines.
+    #
+    "$DOS2UNIX_TOOL" -e -f -q -- < "$INPUT_CSV" |
+        sed -e 's/^TRUE,/true,/g' \
+	    -e 's/,TRUE,/,true,/g' \
+	    -e 's/,TRUE$/,true/' \
+	    -e 's/^FALSE,/false,/g' \
+	    -e 's/,FALSE,/,false,/g' \
+	    -e 's/,FALSE$/,false/' \
+	    -e 's/^\([^#].*[^,]\),,*$/\1/' > "$OUTPUT_CSV"
+    status0="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
+    status1="${PIPESTATUS[1]}"
+    if [[ $status0 -ne 0 || $status1 -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv:" \
+	     "$DOS2UNIX_TOOL ... < $INPUT_CSV | sed ... > $OUTPUT_CSV failed," \
+	     "error codes: $status0 and $status1" 1>&2
+	return 5
+    fi
+
+    # check for double whitespace
+    #
+    if grep -E -q '[[:space:]][[:space:]]' "$OUTPUT_CSV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found double whitespace: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 6
+    fi
+
+    # check for field with leading whitespace
+    #
+    if grep -E -q ',[[:space:]]|^[[:space:]]' "$OUTPUT_CSV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found field with leading whitespace: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 7
+    fi
+
+    # check for field with trailing whitespace
+    #
+    if grep -E -q '[[:space:]],|[[:space:]]$' "$OUTPUT_CSV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found field with trailing whitespace: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 8
+    fi
+
+    # check for field with NULL
+    #
+    if grep -E -q '^NULL,|,NULL,|,NULL$' "$OUTPUT_CSV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found field with NULL: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 9
+    fi
+
+    # check for field with null
+    #
+    if grep -E -q '^null,|,null,|,null$' "$OUTPUT_CSV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found field with null: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 10
+    fi
+
+    # check for empty fields in non-comment lines
+    #
+    if grep -v '^#' "$OUTPUT_CSV" 2>/dev/null | grep -E ',,|,$' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        echo "$0: ERROR: in canonicalize_csv: found non-comment empty fields: $INPUT_CSV" 1>&2
+        return 11
+    fi
+    return 0
+}
+
+
+# usage
+#
+export USAGE="usage: $0 [-h] [-v level] [-V] [-d topdir] [-n] [-N] [-j jparse]
+			[author_wins.csv [manifest.csv [year_prize.csv]]]
+
+	-h		print help message and exit
+	-v level	set verbosity level (def level: 0)
+	-V		print version string and exit
+
+	-d topdir	set topdir (def: $TOPDIR)
+
+	-n		go thru the actions, but do not update any files (def: do the action)
+	-N		do not process anything, just parse arguments (def: process something)
+
+	-j jparse	path to the jparse tool (def: $JPARSE_TOOL)
+
+	author_wins.csv	where to form author_wins.csv (def: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV)
+	manifest.csv	where to form manifest.csv (def: $MANIFEST_CSV)
+	year_prize.csv	where to form year_prize.csv (def: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV)
+
+Exit codes:
+     0         all OK
+     1         unable to write or invalid .entry.json file
+     2         -h and help string printed or -V and version string printed
+     3         command line error
+     4         bash version is too old
+     5	       some internal tool is not found or not an executable file
+     6	       problems found with or in the topdir or topdir/YYYY directory
+     7	       problems found with or in the entry topdir/YYYY/dir directory
+     8         unable to write or invalid CSV or temporary file
+ >= 10         internal error
+
+$NAME version: $VERSION"
+
+
+# parse command line
+#
+while getopts :hv:Vd:D:nNj: flag; do
+  case "$flag" in
+    h) echo "$USAGE" 1>&2
+	exit 2
+	;;
+    v) V_FLAG="$OPTARG"
+	;;
+    V) echo "$VERSION"
+	exit 2
+	;;
+    d) TOPDIR="$OPTARG"
+	;;
+    n) NOOP="-n"
+	;;
+    N) DO_NOT_PROCESS="-N"
+	;;
+    j) JPARSE_TOOL="$OPTARG"
+	;;
+    \?) echo "$0: ERROR: invalid option: -$OPTARG" 1>&2
+	echo 1>&2
+	print_usage 1>&2
+	exit 3
+	;;
+    :) echo "$0: ERROR: option -$OPTARG requires an argument" 1>&2
+	echo 1>&2
+	echo "$USAGE" 1>&2
+	exit 3
+	;;
+    *) echo "$0: ERROR: unexpected value from getopts: $flag" 1>&2
+	echo 1>&2
+	echo "$USAGE" 1>&2
+	exit 3
+	;;
+  esac
+done
+
+
+# remove the options
+#
+shift $(( OPTIND - 1 ));
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: file argument count: $#" 1>&2
+fi
+case "$#" in
+0) ;;
+1) AUTHOR_WINS_CSV="$1" ;;
+2) AUTHOR_WINS_CSV="$1" ; MANIFEST_CSV="$2" ;;
+3) AUTHOR_WINS_CSV="$1" ; MANIFEST_CSV="$2" ; YEAR_PRIZE_CSV="$3" ;;
+*) echo "$0: expected 0, 1, 2 or 3 args, found #$" 1>&2
+   echo 1>*2
+   echo  "$USAGE" 1>&2
+   exit 3
+   ;;
+esac
+
+
+# verify that CSV files are in a writable directories
+#
+if [[ -z $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: AUTHOR_WINS_CSV is empty" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR=$(dirname "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV")
+export AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR
+if [[ ! -w $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: AUTHOR_WINS_CSV file: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV in a non-writable directory: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+#
+if [[ -z $MANIFEST_CSV ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: MANIFEST_CSV is empty" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+MANIFEST_CSV_DIR=$(dirname "$MANIFEST_CSV")
+export MANIFEST_CSV_DIR
+if [[ ! -w $MANIFEST_CSV_DIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: AUTHOR_WINS_CSV file: $MANIFEST_CSV in a non-writable directory: $MANIFEST_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+#
+if [[ -z $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: YEAR_PRIZE_CSV is empty" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR=$(dirname "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV")
+export YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR
+if [[ ! -w $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: YEAR_PRIZE_CSV file: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV in a non-writable directory: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+fi
+
+
+# verify that we have a topdir directory
+#
+if [[ -z $TOPDIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: cannot find top of git repo directory" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -e $TOPDIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: TOPDIR does not exist: $TOPDIR" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -d $TOPDIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: TOPDIR is not a directory: $TOPDIR" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+
+
+# cd to topdir
+#
+if [[ ! -e $TOPDIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: cannot cd to non-existent path: $TOPDIR" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -d $TOPDIR ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: cannot cd to a non-directory: $TOPDIR" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+export CD_FAILED
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: cd $TOPDIR" 1>&2
+fi
+cd "$TOPDIR" || CD_FAILED="true"
+if [[ -n $CD_FAILED ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: cd $TOPDIR failed" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: now in directory: $(/bin/pwd)" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# verify we have a non-empty readable .top file
+#
+export TOP_FILE=".top"
+if [[ ! -e $TOP_FILE ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: ERROR: .top does not exist: $TOP_FILE" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -f $TOP_FILE ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: ERROR: .top is not a regular file: $TOP_FILE" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -r $TOP_FILE ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: ERROR: .top is not an readable file: $TOP_FILE" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+if [[ ! -s $TOP_FILE ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: ERROR: .top is not a non-empty readable file: $TOP_FILE" 1>&2
+    exit 6
+fi
+
+
+# verify jparse tool
+#
+if [[ -z "$JPARSE_TOOL" ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: cannot find an executable jparse tool" 1>&2
+    exit 5
+fi
+if [[ ! -f "$JPARSE_TOOL" ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: jparse is not a file: $JPARSE_TOOL" 1>&2
+    exit 5
+fi
+if [[ ! -x "$JPARSE_TOOL" ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: jparse is not an executable file: $JPARSE_TOOL" 1>&2
+    exit 5
+fi
+
+
+# print running info if verbose
+#
+# If -v 3 or higher, print exported variables in order that they were exported.
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: VERSION=$VERSION" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: NAME=$NAME" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: V_FLAG=$V_FLAG" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: GIT_TOOL=$GIT_TOOL" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: TOPDIR=$TOPDIR" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: NOOP=$NOOP" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: DO_NOT_PROCESS=$DO_NOT_PROCESS" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: EXIT_CODE=$EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: JPARSE_TOOL=$JPARSE_TOOL" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: AUTHOR_WINS_CSV=$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: MANIFEST_CSV=$MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: YEAR_PRIZE_CSV=$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR=$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: MANIFEST_CSV_DIR=$MANIFEST_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR=$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV_DIR" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: CD_FAILED=$CD_FAILED" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: TOP_FILE=$TOP_FILE" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: DOT_ENTRY_JSON_BASENAME=$DOT_ENTRY_JSON_BASENAME" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: ENTRY_JSON_FORMAT_VERSION=$ENTRY_JSON_FORMAT_VERSION" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: NO_COMMENT=$NO_COMMENT" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# -N stops early before any processing is performed
+#
+if [[ -n $DO_NOT_PROCESS ]]; then
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: arguments parsed, -N given, exiting 0" 1>&2
+    fi
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary author.csv file
+#
+export TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV=".tmp.$NAME.AUTHOR_WINS_CSV.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV author.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV author.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 10
+    fi
+    echo '# author_handle,entry_id,entry_id,entry_id,…,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,' > \
+      "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV author.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 11
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV author.csv file is not used: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary manifest.csv file
+#
+export TMP_MANIFEST_CSV=".tmp.$NAME.MANIFEST_CSV.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV manifest.csv file: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV manifest.csv file: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 12
+    fi
+    echo '# year,dir,file_path,inventory_order,OK_to_edit,display_as,display_via_github,entry_text' > \
+      "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV manifest.csv file: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 13
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV file manifest.csv is not used: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary year_prize.csv file
+#
+export TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV=".tmp.$NAME.YEAR_PRIZE_CSV.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV year_prize.csv file: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV year_prize.csv file: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 12
+    fi
+    echo '# year_handle,award name' > \
+      "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV year_prize.csv file: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 13
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV year_prize.csv file is not used: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary YYYY_DIR inventory file
+#
+export TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV=".tmp.$NAME.YYYY_DIR_inventory.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV temporary YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV temporary YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+	exit 14
+    fi
+    : > "$TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV temporary YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+	exit 15
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV temporary YYYY_DIR inventory file is not used: $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary 2nd 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory file
+#
+export TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV=".tmp.$NAME.YYYY_DIR_inventory.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV temporary 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV \
+	        $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV temporary 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+	exit 16
+    fi
+    : > "$TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV temporary 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory file: $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+	exit 17
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV temporary 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory file is not used: $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# create a temporary .entry.json inventory file
+#
+export TMP_ENTRY_JSON=".tmp.$NAME.entry.json.$$.tmp"
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo  "$0: debug[3]: temporary CSV temporary .entry.json file: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+fi
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    trap 'rm -f $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV \
+	        $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV $TMP_ENTRY_JSON; exit' 0 1 2 3 15
+    rm -f "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+    if [[ -e $TMP_ENTRY_JSON ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot remove temporary CSV temporary .entry.json file: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	exit 16
+    fi
+    : > "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+    if [[ ! -e $TMP_ENTRY_JSON ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: cannot create temporary CSV temporary .entry.json file: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	exit 17
+    fi
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, temporary CSV temporary .entry.json file is not used: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# canonicalize author_wins.csv into temporary author_wins.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: canonicalize $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    canonicalize_csv "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: canonicalize_csv $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV failed," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary author_wins.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not canonicalize: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# sort the temporary author_wins.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV -o $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" -o "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV -o $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV failed," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary author_wins.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not sort: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# replace author_wins.csv file with the temporary file if author_wins.csv is missing or different
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    if cmp -s "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"; then
+
+	# case: author_wins.csv did not change
+	#
+	if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: author_wins.csv file did not change: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+
+    else
+
+        # case: author_wins.csv file changed, update the file
+        #
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: mv -f -- $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+            mv -f -v -- "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        else
+            mv -f -- "$TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        fi
+        if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: mv -f -- $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV filed," \
+	         "error code: $status" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[1]: replaced author_wins.csv file: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ ! -s $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: not a non-empty author_wins.csv file: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        fi
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not update $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# canonicalize manifest.csv into temporary manifest.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: canonicalize $MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    canonicalize_csv "$MANIFEST_CSV" "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: canonicalize_csv $MANIFEST_CSV $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV failed," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary author_wins.csv file: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not canonicalize: $MANIFEST_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# sort the temporary manifest.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4g,4 -k3,3 -k5d,8 "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" -o "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3d,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV failed," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary manifest.csv file: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not sort: $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# replace manifest.csv file with the temporary file if manifest.csv is missing or different
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    if cmp -s "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" "$MANIFEST_CSV"; then
+
+	# case: manifest.csv did not change
+	#
+	if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: manifest.csv file did not change: $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+
+    else
+
+        # case: manifest.csv file changed, update the file
+        #
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: mv -f -- $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+            mv -f -v -- "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" "$MANIFEST_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        else
+            mv -f -- "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" "$MANIFEST_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        fi
+        if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: mv -f -- $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV $MANIFEST_CSV filed," \
+	         "error code: $status" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[1]: replaced manifest.csv file: $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ ! -s $MANIFEST_CSV ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: not a non-empty manifest.csv file: $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        fi
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not update $MANIFEST_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# canonicalize year_prize.csv into temporary year_prize.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: canonicalize $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    canonicalize_csv "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: canonicalize_csv $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV failed," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary author_wins.csv file: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not canonicalize: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# sort the temporary year_prize.csv file
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV -o $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+    sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" -o "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+    status="$?"
+    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t, -k1d,1 -k2d,2 $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV -o $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV," \
+	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary year_prize.csv file: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not sort: $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# replace year_prize.csv file with the temporary file if year_prize.csv is missing or different
+#
+if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+    if cmp -s "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"; then
+
+	# case: year_prize.csv did not change
+	#
+	if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: year_prize.csv file did not change: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+
+    else
+
+        # case: year_prize.csv file changed, update the file
+        #
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: mv -f -- $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+            mv -f -v -- "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        else
+            mv -f -- "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+            status="$?"
+        fi
+        if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: mv -f -- $TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV filed," \
+	         "error code: $status" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+            echo "$0: debug[1]: replaced year_prize.csv file: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+        fi
+        if [[ ! -s $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV ]]; then
+            echo "$0: ERROR: not a non-empty year_prize.csv file: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+            EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
+        fi
+    fi
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+   echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not update $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"
+fi
+
+
+# generate a YYYY_DIR inventory file
+#
+export YYYY
+for YYYY in $(< "$TOP_FILE"); do
+
+    # debug YYYY
+    #
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[3]: scanning year: $YYYY" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+    # verify that YYYY is a readable directory
+    #
+    if [[ ! -e $YYYY ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY does not exist: $YYYY" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -d $YYYY ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY is not a directory: $YYYY" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -r $YYYY ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY is not an readable directory: $YYYY" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+
+    # verify that YYYY has a non-empty readable .year file
+    #
+    export YEAR_FILE="$YYYY/.year"
+    if [[ ! -e $YEAR_FILE ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY/.year does not exist: $YEAR_FILE" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -f $YEAR_FILE ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY/.year is not a regular file: $YEAR_FILE" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -r $YEAR_FILE ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY/.year is not an readable file: $YEAR_FILE" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -s $YEAR_FILE ]]; then
+	echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY/.year is not a non-empty readable file: $YEAR_FILE" 1>&2
+	EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	continue
+    fi
+
+    # process each entry directory under YYYY
+    #
+    export YYYY_DIR
+    for YYYY_DIR in $(< "$YEAR_FILE"); do
+
+	# debug YYYY
+	#
+	if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: debug[3]: scanning year/dir: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	fi
+
+	# parse YYYY_DIR
+	#
+	if [[ ! -d $YYYY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR is not a directory: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	if [[ ! -w $YYYY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR is not a writable directory: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	export YEAR_DIR=${YYYY_DIR%%/*}
+	if [[ -z $YEAR_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR not in YYYY/dir form: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	export ENTRY_DIR=${YYYY_DIR#*/}
+	if [[ -z $ENTRY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR not in $YEAR_DIR/dir form: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	if [[ $ENTRY_DIR = */* ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR: $YYYY_DIR dir contains a /: $ENTRY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="6"  # exit 6
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	export ENTRY_ID="${YEAR_DIR}_${ENTRY_DIR}"
+
+	# verify that YYYY_DIR is a writable directory
+	#
+	if [[ ! -e $YYYY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR does not exist: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="7"  # exit 7
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	if [[ ! -d $YYYY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR is not a directory: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="7"  # exit 7
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	if [[ ! -w $YYYY_DIR ]]; then
+	    echo  "$0: ERROR: YYYY_DIR is not an writable directory: $YYYY_DIR" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="7"  # exit 7
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+
+	# verify YYYY/dir/.path
+	#
+	export DOT_PATH="$YYYY_DIR/.path"
+	if [[ ! -s $DOT_PATH ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: not a non-empty file: $DOT_PATH" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="7"  # exit 7
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+	DOT_PATH_CONTENT=$(< "$DOT_PATH")
+	if [[ $YYYY_DIR != "$DOT_PATH_CONTENT" ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: arg: $YYYY_DIR does not match $DOT_PATH contents: $DOT_PATH_CONTENT" 1>&2
+	    EXIT_CODE="7"  # exit 7
+	    echo "$0: Warning: EXIT_CODE set to: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+	    continue
+	fi
+
+	# append YYYY_DIR to YYYY_DIR inventory file
+	#
+	echo "$YYYY_DIR" >> "$TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+    done
+done
+#
+if [[ $EXIT_CODE -ne 0 ]]; then
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[1]: about to exit $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+    fi
+    exit "$EXIT_CODE"
+fi
+
+
+# canonicalize the YYYY_DIR inventory file
+#
+if [[ ! -s $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: arg: YYYY_DIR inventory file is not a non-empty file: $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+    exit 18
+fi
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t/ -d $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV -o $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+sort -t/ -d "$TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV" -o "$TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+status="$?"
+if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t/ -d $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV -o $TMP_YYYY_DIR_INV failed," \
+	 "error code: $status" 1>&2
+    exit 8
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[3]: sorted temporary author_wins.csv file: $TMP_AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# form a 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory from author_wins.csv
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sed .. $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV | sort -t/ -d | uniq > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+sed -e '/^#/d' -e 's/^[^,]*,//' -e 's/,/\n/g' -e 's/_/\//g' "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" | sort -t/ -d | uniq > "$TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+status_codes=("${PIPESTATUS[@]}")
+if [[ ${status_codes[*]} =~ [1-9] ]]; then
+   echo "$0: ERROR: sed .. $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV | sort -t/ -d > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV failed," \
+        "error codes: ${status_codes[*]}" 1>&2
+   exit 19
+fi
+
+
+# error if author_wins.csv and YYYY/dir tree are not identical
+#
+if ! cmp -s "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"; then
+
+    # report author_wins.csv inventory problem
+    #
+    echo "$0: ERROR: The entries referenced in author_wins.csv: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV to not match YYYY/dir tree" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and author_wins.csv entries starts below: $AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" 1>&2
+    diff -u "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and author_wins.csv entries ends above" 1>&2
+    exit 20
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: author_wins.csv entry inventory is correct" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# form a 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory from manifest.csv
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sed .. $MANIFEST_CSV | sort -t/ -d | uniq > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+sed -e '/^#/d' -e 's/,/\//' -e 's/,.*//' "$MANIFEST_CSV" | sort -t/ -d | uniq > "$TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+status_codes=("${PIPESTATUS[@]}")
+if [[ ${status_codes[*]} =~ [1-9] ]]; then
+   echo "$0: ERROR: sed .. $MANIFEST_CSV | sort -t/ -d | uniq > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV failed," \
+        "error codes: ${status_codes[*]}" 1>&2
+   exit 21
+fi
+
+
+# error if manifest.csv and YYYY/dir tree are not identical
+#
+if ! cmp -s "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"; then
+
+    # report author_wins.csv inventory problem
+    #
+    echo "$0: ERROR: The entries referenced in manifest.csv $MANIFEST_CSV to not match YYYY/dir tree" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and manifest.csv entries starts below: $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+    diff -u "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and manifest.csv entries ends above" 1>&2
+    exit 22
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: manifest.csv.csv entry inventory is correct" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# form a 2nd YYYY_DIR inventory from year_prize.csv
+#
+if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sed .. $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV | sort -t/ -d > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV" 1>&2
+fi
+sed -e '/^#/d' -e 's/,.*//' -e 's/_/\//' "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" | sort -t/ -d > "$TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV"
+status_codes=("${PIPESTATUS[@]}")
+if [[ ${status_codes[*]} =~ [1-9] ]]; then
+   echo "$0: ERROR: sed .. $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV | sort -t/ -d > $TMP_2ND_YYYY_DIR_INV failed," \
+        "error codes: ${status_codes[*]}" 1>&2
+   exit 23
+fi
+
+
+# error if manifest.csv and YYYY/dir tree are not identical
+#
+if ! cmp -s "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV"; then
+
+    # report author_wins.csv inventory problem
+    #
+    echo "$0: ERROR: The entries referenced in year_prize.csv $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV to not match YYYY/dir tree" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and year_prize.csv entries starts below: $YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    diff -u "$TMP_YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" 1>&2
+    echo "$0: Warning: difference between YYYY/dir tree and year_prize.csv entries ends above" 1>&2
+    exit 24
+
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[5]: year_prize.csv entry inventory is correct" 1>&2
+fi
+
+
+# process lines in the canonicalized manifest.csv, writing entry .entry.json files as we go
+#
+export PREV_ENTRY_DIR=""
+export PREV_ENTRY_ID=""
+export PREV_ENTRY_JSON=""
+export PREV_YEAR=""
+export line=0
+export file_number=0
+sed -e '/^#/d' -e 's/,/ /g' "$MANIFEST_CSV" |
+  while read -r YEAR DIR FILE_PATH INVENTORY_ORDER OK_TO_EDIT DISPLAY_AS DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB ENTRY_TEXT; do
+
+    # verify the ENTRY_DIR
+    #
+    ((++line))
+    export ENTRY_DIR="$YEAR/$DIR"
+    export ENTRY_ID="${YEAR}_${DIR}"
+    export ENTRY_JSON="$ENTRY_DIR/$DOT_ENTRY_JSON_BASENAME"
+    if [[ ! -d $ENTRY_DIR ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: manifest.csv: $MANIFEST_CSV line $line: not a directory: $ENTRY_DIR" 1>&2
+	exit 7
+    fi
+    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 7 ]]; then
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: line: $line" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: YEAR: $YEAR" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: DIR: $DIR" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: FILE_PATH: $FILE_PATH" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: INVENTORY_ORDER: $INVENTORY_ORDER" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: OK_TO_EDIT: $OK_TO_EDIT" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: DISPLAY_AS: $DISPLAY_AS" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB: $DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: ENTRY_TEXT: $ENTRY_TEXT" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # ENTRY_DIR: $ENTRY_DIR" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # ENTRY_ID: $ENTRY_ID" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # ENTRY_JSON: $ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # PREV_ENTRY_DIR: $PREV_ENTRY_DIR" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # PREV_ENTRY_ID: $PREV_ENTRY_ID" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[7]: # PREV_YEAR: $PREV_YEAR" 1>&2
+	echo "" 1>&2
+    fi
+
+    # firewall - verify we have the proper non-empty fields
+    #
+    if [[ -z $YEAR || -z $DIR || -z $FILE_PATH || -z $INVENTORY_ORDER || -z $OK_TO_EDIT ||
+	  -z $DISPLAY_AS || -z $DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB || -z $ENTRY_TEXT ]]; then
+	echo "$0: ERROR: found empty field on line $line in manifest.csv: $MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+	exit 8
+    fi
+
+    # case: manifest.csv line refers to a new entry
+    #
+    if [[ $PREV_ENTRY_DIR != "$ENTRY_DIR" ]]; then
+
+	# case: unless 1st line, complete the previous temporary .entry.json file
+	#
+	if [[ $line -gt 1 ]]; then
+
+	    # write end of temporary .entry.json file
+	    #
+	    {
+		printf "\n    ]\n"
+		printf "}\n"
+	    } >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	    # verify JSON of temporary .entry.json file
+	    #
+	    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 7 ]]; then
+		echo "$0: debug[7]: about to run: $JPARSE_TOOL -q -- $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	    fi
+	    if "$JPARSE_TOOL" -q -- "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"; then
+		if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 9 ]]; then
+		    echo "$0: debug[9]: valid JSON for $PREV_ENTRY_DIR: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+		fi
+	    else
+		echo "$0: ERROR: .entry.json is not valid JSON for $PREV_ENTRY_DIR: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	    fi
+
+	    # update entry .entry.json if different
+	    #
+	    if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
+		if cmp -s "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON" "$PREV_ENTRY_JSON"; then
+
+		    # case: author_wins.csv did not change
+		    #
+		    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+			echo "$0: debug[5]: .entry.json file did not change: $PREV_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+		    fi
+
+		else
+
+		    # case: author_wins.csv file changed, update the file
+		    #
+		    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
+			echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: mv -f -- $TMP_ENTRY_JSON $PREV_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+		    fi
+		    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+			mv -f -v -- "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON" "$PREV_ENTRY_JSON"
+			status="$?"
+		    else
+			mv -f -- "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON" "$PREV_ENTRY_JSON"
+			status="$?"
+		    fi
+		    if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
+			echo "$0: ERROR: mv -f -- $TMP_ENTRY_JSON $PREV_ENTRY_JSON filed," \
+			     "error code: $status" 1>&2
+			exit 1
+		    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+			echo "$0: debug[1]: replaced .entry.json file: $PREV_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+		    fi
+		fi
+
+	    elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
+	       echo "$0: debug[3]: because of -n, will not update $PREV_ENTRY_JSON"
+	    fi
+	fi
+
+	# note if we are processing the start of a new year
+	#
+	if [[ $PREV_YEAR != "$YEAR" ]]; then
+	    if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+		echo "$0: debug[1]: starting to process year: $YEAR" 1>&2
+	    fi
+	fi
+
+	# this entry will become the next previous entry
+	#
+	PREV_ENTRY_DIR="$ENTRY_DIR"
+	PREV_ENTRY_ID="$ENTRY_ID"
+	PREV_ENTRY_JSON="$ENTRY_JSON"
+	PREV_YEAR="$YEAR"
+
+	# initialize first line of the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	file_number=0
+	rm -f "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+	if [[ -e $TMP_ENTRY_JSON ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: unable to remove temporary .entry.file: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+	echo "{" > "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+	if [[ ! -s $TMP_ENTRY_JSON ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: unable to write start of .entry.file: $TMP_ENTRY_JSON" 1>&2
+	    exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# append top level lines to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	{
+	    printf "    \"no_comment\" : \"%s\",\n" "$NO_COMMENT"
+	    printf "    \"entry_JSON_format_version\" : \"%s\",\n" "$ENTRY_JSON_FORMAT_VERSION"
+	} >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	# determine the award for this entry
+	#
+	AWARD=$(grep "^$ENTRY_ID," "$YEAR_PRIZE_CSV" | sed -e 's/^[^,]*,//')
+	if [[ -z $AWARD ]]; then
+	    echo "$0: ERROR: cannot determine award for: $ENTRY_ID" 1>&2
+	    exit 8
+	fi
+
+	# append the award, year and entry_id to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	{
+	    printf "    \"award\" : \"%s\",\n" "$AWARD"
+	    printf "    \"year\" : %s,\n" "$YEAR"
+	    printf "    \"dir\" : \"%s\",\n" "$DIR"
+	    printf "    \"entry_id\" : \"%s\",\n" "$ENTRY_ID"
+	} >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	# write the start of the author_set JSON array to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	printf "    \"author_set\" : [\n" >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	# append the author JSON members to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	author_number=0
+	grep -F "$ENTRY_ID" "$AUTHOR_WINS_CSV" |
+	  grep -E ",$ENTRY_ID,|,$ENTRY_ID$" |
+	  sed -e 's/,.*//' |
+	  while read -r AUTHOR_HANDLE; do
+
+	    # case: not first author
+	    #
+	    ((++author_number))
+	    if [[ $author_number -gt 1 ]]; then
+		printf ",\n" >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+	    fi
+
+	    # write start of author JSON member
+	    #
+	    printf "\t{ \"author_handle\" : \"%s\" }" "$AUTHOR_HANDLE" >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+	done
+	#
+	# For SC2129, we need to append two lines after the look, however shellcheck
+	# is confused, perhaps because the string includes a } character.
+	#
+	# SC2129 (style): Consider using { cmd1; cmd2; } >> file instead of individual redirects.
+	# https://www.shellcheck.net/wiki/SC2129
+	# shellcheck disable=SC2129
+	printf "\n    ],\n" >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	# write the start of the manifest JSON array to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	printf "    \"manifest\" : [\n" >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+	# append the first manifest entry to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	{
+	    printf "\t{\n"
+	    printf "\t    \"file_path\" : \"%s\",\n" "$FILE_PATH"
+	    printf "\t    \"inventory_order\" : %s,\n" "$INVENTORY_ORDER"
+	    printf "\t    \"OK_to_edit\" : %s,\n" "$OK_TO_EDIT"
+	    printf "\t    \"display_as\" : \"%s\",\n" "$DISPLAY_AS"
+	    printf "\t    \"display_via_github\" : %s,\n" "$DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB"
+	    printf "\t    \"entry_text\" : \"%s\"\n" "$ENTRY_TEXT"
+	    printf  "\t}"
+	} >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+
+    # case: manifest.csv line continues with the same entry
+    #
+    else
+
+	# close the first manifest entry to the temporary .entry.file
+	# append the next manifest entry to the temporary .entry.file
+	#
+	{
+	    printf ",\n"
+	    printf "\t{\n"
+	    printf "\t    \"file_path\" : \"%s\",\n" "$FILE_PATH"
+	    printf "\t    \"inventory_order\" : %s,\n" "$INVENTORY_ORDER"
+	    printf "\t    \"OK_to_edit\" : %s,\n" "$OK_TO_EDIT"
+	    printf "\t    \"display_as\" : \"%s\",\n" "$DISPLAY_AS"
+	    printf "\t    \"display_via_github\" : %s,\n" "$DISPLAY_VIA_GITHUB"
+	    printf "\t    \"entry_text\" : \"%s\"\n" "$ENTRY_TEXT"
+	    printf  "\t}"
+	} >> "$TMP_ENTRY_JSON"
+    fi
+done
+
+
+# All Done!!! All Done!!! -- Jessica Noll, Age 2
+#
+if [[ $EXIT_CODE -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: Warning: about to exit non-zero: $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 1 ]]; then
+    echo "$0: debug[1]: about to exit $EXIT_CODE" 1>&2
+fi
+exit "$EXIT_CODE"
diff --git a/bin/entry2csv.sh b/bin/entry2csv.sh
index 103dd4d4a..832377c00 100755
--- a/bin/entry2csv.sh
+++ b/bin/entry2csv.sh
@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 #
 # entry2csv.sh - convert .entry.json data into CSV files
 #
+# This tool takes as input, all entry `.entry.json` files
+# and updates 3 CSV files:
+#
+# author_wins.csv - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids
+# manifest.csv - information about files under a entry
+# year_prize.csv - entry_id followed by the entry's award
+#
+# The CSV files are written in a canonical UNIX format form.
+#
+# Only those CSV files files whose content is modified are written.
+#
+# Internal details of entry2csv.sh
+#
 # We generate CSV files from the `.entry.json` files from winning
 # IOCCC entries listed under years listed in the `.top` file,
 # and in sub-directories listed in the `YYYY/.year` file for the
@@ -10,11 +23,13 @@
 # All IOCCC entry directories must have a `.path` file that lists
 # the path of the entry's directory from the TOPDIR.
 #
-# NOTE: When adding a new IOCCC years entries, the `.top` file MUST
-#	be updated, and the new IOCCC year `YYYY/.year` files MUST
-#	reference the directory of the new IOCCC entries.  They
-#	must also contain a `.path` file that contains the path
-#	of the IOCCC entry directory from the TOPDIR.
+# NOTE:
+#
+# When adding a new IOCCC years entries, the `.top` file MUST
+# be updated, and the new IOCCC year `YYYY/.year` files MUST
+# reference the directory of the new IOCCC entries.  They
+# must also contain a `.path` file that contains the path
+# of the IOCCC entry directory from the TOPDIR.
 #
 # NOTE: All IOCCC entries MUST have a valid `.entry.json` file.
 #
@@ -42,6 +57,7 @@
 #
 # Share and enjoy! :-)
 
+
 # firewall - run only with a bash that is version 5.1.8 or later
 #
 # The "/usr/bin/env bash" command must result in using a bash that
@@ -100,7 +116,7 @@ shopt -s globstar	# enable ** to match all files and zero or more directories an
 
 # set variables referenced in the usage message
 #
-export VERSION="1.0.2 2024-07-14"
+export VERSION="1.0.3 2024-07-19"
 NAME=$(basename "$0")
 export NAME
 export V_FLAG=0
@@ -998,12 +1014,12 @@ fi
 if [[ -z $NOOP ]]; then
 
     if [[ $V_FLAG -ge 5 ]]; then
-	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3d,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
+	echo "$0: debug[5]: about to: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" 1>&2
     fi
     sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4g,4 -k3d,3 -k5d,8 "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV" -o "$TMP_MANIFEST_CSV"
     status="$?"
     if [[ status -ne 0 ]]; then
-	echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3d,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV failed," \
+	echo "$0: ERROR: sort -t, -k1,1 -k2d,2 -k4n,4 -k3,3 -k5d,8 $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV -o $TMP_MANIFEST_CSV failed," \
 	     "error code: $status" 1>&2
 	EXIT_CODE=8 # exit 8
     elif [[ $V_FLAG -ge 3 ]]; then
diff --git a/bin/index.html b/bin/index.html
index 81dcc2f3c..1a0d5983b 100644
--- a/bin/index.html
+++ b/bin/index.html
@@ -459,6 +459,82 @@ need to do so.</p>
 <p>If you wish to run it on all entries, we recommend that this tool be invoked via
 the top level <code>Makefile</code> by:</p>
 <pre><code>    make verify_entry_files</code></pre>
+<div id="csv2entry">
+<h3 id="csv2entry.sh"><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/bin/csv2entry.sh">csv2entry.sh</a></h3>
+</div>
+<p>Convert CSV files into <code>.entry.json</code> for all entries.</p>
+<p>This tool takes as input, the following CSV files:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#author_wins_csv">author_wins.csv</a> - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids</li>
+<li><a href="#manifest_csv">manifest.csv</a> - information about files under a entry</li>
+<li><a href="#year_prize_csv">year_prize.csv</a> - entry_id followed by the entry’s award</li>
+</ul>
+<p>This tool updates <code>.entry.json</code> files for all entries.
+Only those <code>.entry.json</code> files whose content is modified are written.</p>
+<p>For example:</p>
+<pre><code>    bin/csv2entry.sh -v 1</code></pre>
+<p>There is no requirement to sort the CSV files, nor convert
+them to UNIX format, nor append a final newline to the file.</p>
+<p>This tool will canonicalize CSV files before using them
+as input. Thus, if one wishes to import the CSV file into
+some spreadsheet such as the <a href="https://www.apple.com/macos">macOS</a>
+<a href="https://www.apple.com/numbers/">Numbers</a> spreadsheet,
+modifies the content and final exports back to the CSV file,
+this tool will modify the CSV file (if needed) in order
+to restore the CSV order and other canonicalizing processes.</p>
+<p>This tool will flag as an error, any empty fields, fields that are
+an un-quoted <em>NULL</em> or <em>null</em>, fields that start with whitespace,
+fields that ends with whitespace, or fields that contain consecutive
+whitespace characters.</p>
+<h4 id="internal-details-of-bincsv2entry.sh">Internal details of <code>bin/csv2entry.sh</code></h4>
+<p>We first canonicalize the CSV files by replacing any “carriage
+return line feeds” with “newlines. We also make sure that the CSV
+file ends in a newline. We do this because some spreadsheet
+applications, when exporting to a CSV file, do not do this.</p>
+<p>We also sort the CSV files in the same way that <code>bin/entry2csv.sh</code>
+sorts its CSV output files. We do this in case the
+CSV files were imported into a spreadsheet where their order
+was changed before exporting. This means one is free
+to order the CSV file content as you wish as this
+tool will reset these CSV file.</p>
+<p>Next this tool processes the non-CSV comment lines in manifest.csv.
+The 1st and 2nd fields of <a href="#manifest_csv">manifest.csv</a> prefer to entry YYYY and
+entry sub-directory (i.e., the YYYY/dir directory under the
+root of the git repository). From that list of YYYY/dir
+IOCCC entry directories, we will create the <code>.entry.json</code> files.
+We only modify those <code>.entry.json</code> files when their content changes.</p>
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>:</p>
+<p>While this tool uses <code>jparse(1)</code> to verify that the modified
+<code>.entry.json</code> contains valid JSON content, this tool does NOT
+perform any semantic checks. For example, this tool does NOT
+verify that the manifest in the <code>.entry.json</code> file matches the
+files in the YYYY/dir directory, or even that the <code>.entry.json</code>
+contains a manifest (or any of the other required JSON content).</p>
+<div id="entry2csv2">
+<h3 id="entry2csv.sh"><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/bin/entry2csv.sh">entry2csv.sh</a></h3>
+</div>
+<p>This tool takes as input, all entry <code>.entry.json</code> files
+and updates 3 CSV files:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#author_wins_csv">author_wins.csv</a> - author_handle followed by all their entry_ids</li>
+<li><a href="#manifest_csv">manifest.csv</a> - information about files under a entry</li>
+<li><a href="#year_prize_csv">year_prize.csv</a> - entry_id followed by the entry’s award</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The CSV files are written in a canonical UNIX format form.</p>
+<p>Only those CSV files files whose content is modified are written.</p>
+<h4 id="internal-details-of-binentry2csv.sh">Internal details of <code>bin/entry2csv.sh</code></h4>
+<p>We generate CSV files from the <code>.entry.json</code> files from winning
+IOCCC entries listed under years listed in the <code>.top</code> file,
+and in sub-directories listed in the <code>YYYY/.year</code> file for the
+given year. Only those entries so listed are processed.</p>
+<p>All IOCCC entry directories must have a <code>.path</code> file that lists
+the path of the entry’s directory from the TOPDIR.</p>
+<p><strong>NOTE</strong>:</p>
+<p>When adding a new IOCCC years entries, the <code>.top</code> file MUST
+be updated, and the new IOCCC year <code>YYYY/.year</code> files MUST
+reference the directory of the new IOCCC entries. They
+must also contain a <code>.path</code> file that contains the path
+of the IOCCC entry directory from the TOPDIR.</p>
 <div id="filelist-entry-json-awk">
 <h3 id="filelist.entry.json.awk"><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/bin/filelist.entry.json.awk">filelist.entry.json.awk</a></h3>
 </div>
@@ -1110,6 +1186,76 @@ is directly under a <code>year</code> directory.</p>
 </div>
 <p>A string that identifies the winning entry. The string is of the form:</p>
 <pre><code>    year_dir</code></pre>
+<div id="csv">
+<h1 id="csv-files">CSV files</h1>
+</div>
+<p>The <code>bin/csv2entry.sh</code> and <code>bin/entry2csv.sh</code> tools use the following
+3 CSV files. In the case of <code>bin/entry2csv.sh</code>, these 3 CSV files
+are created / updated. In the case of <code>bin/csv2entry.sh</code>, these 3
+CSV files are used as input.</p>
+<div id="author_wins_csv">
+<h2 id="author_wins.csv">author_wins.csv</h2>
+</div>
+<p>A CSV spreadsheet: one line per <code>author</code>.</p>
+<p>The first field is an <code>author_handle</code>.</p>
+<p>The other fields are the <code>entry_id</code>’s of all <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry’s won by the <code>author</code>.</p>
+<div id="manifest_csv">
+<h2 id="manifest.csv">manifest.csv</h2>
+</div>
+<p>A CSV spreadsheet contains information about files in <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry directories under year directories.
+This file has the following fields:</p>
+<ol type="1">
+<li><p>year:</p>
+<p>IOCCC year as a 4-character string. Normally this would be a 4 digit year string,
+however it may also be a string such as “mock”.</p>
+<p>NOTE: If year begins with “#”, then dir is a comment, and the
+rest of the row is to be ignored. Rows of this form do NOT
+contain manifest information for a file.</p></li>
+<li><p>dir:</p>
+<p>Directory name number the IOCCC year.</p></li>
+<li><p>path:</p>
+<p>Path under the IOCCC/directory. In a few cases this is a path,
+not just a simple filename under the IOCCC/directory.</p></li>
+<li><p>inventory_order:</p>
+<p>This number is the rank showing the order
+that this file is to be listed for the given entry’s in
+the winning entry’s <code>index.html</code> file.</p>
+<p>If the number is 9 digits or less, then the given file
+is considered a primary file when listed in the inventory
+of files for a given winning <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry.</p>
+<p>If the number is 10 digits or more, then the given file
+is considered a secondary file when listed in the inventory
+of files for a given winning <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry We recommend using the
+value <strong>4294967295</strong> (2^32-1) for secondary files.</p></li>
+<li><p>OK_to_edit:</p>
+<p>If the value is <code>true</code>, then the file is one that may be
+edited directly.</p>
+<p>If the value is <code>false</code>, then the file should <strong>NOT</strong> be
+edited, because the given file is generated by a tool.
+One should <strong>NOT</strong> modify such a file directly, but
+instead modify source files (i.e., markdown files,
+JSON files, etc.)</p></li>
+<li><p>display_as:</p>
+<p>The type of given file.</p></li>
+<li><p>display_via_github</p>
+<p>If <code>true</code>, then the contents of the file should be viewed
+via the GitHub repo.</p>
+<p>If <code>false</code>, then the contents of the file should be viewed
+in the web browser directly. In some cases this may
+result in the file being downloaded instead of being displayed.</p></li>
+<li><p>entry_text:</p>
+<p>Any text that should be displayed at the end of line in <code>index.html</code>
+(with a preceding ” - “), or null is no such text is to be displayed.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<p>NOTE: Cells containing true or false are JSON booleans.
+NOTE: All other cells are JSON strings that need to be double quoted, including the year.
+NOTE: Do not put commas, nor quotes, nor newlines in fields as these are bound to cause problems.</p>
+<div id="year_prize_csv">
+<h2 id="year_prize.csv">year_prize.csv</h2>
+</div>
+<p>A CSV spreadsheet: one line per <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry directory.</p>
+<p>The first field is a <code>entry_id</code>.</p>
+<p>The second field is the name of the award for given <em>YYYY/dir</em> entry.</p>
 <!--
 
     Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.