Revisit 1990 entries
Although I previously got them to all compile they did not all work. Now they do except that jaw does not work properly in macOS (I have noticed something odd in linux too but it appears to work mostly if not entirely). Yusuke Endoh pointed out for 1990/theorem that atof() nowadays needs include stdlib.h so this was added to the file. As well I added the inclusion of string.h for strcmp(). I also fixed some segfaults in this entry (even though the judges pointed out that for NULL pointer one needs the four '0 0 0 0' it still segfaulted under those conditions) so that everything should work now under both linux and macOS. There were iirc two parts to this: one the NULL pointer is no longer dereferenced but also the type being passed to strcmp() was a int * and not a char *. This prevented 1990/theorem/sorter from working at all (segfault) and as I recall it there was another segfault I encountered as well. For 1990/jaw Yusuke Endoh provided a ruby implementation of btoa as it's not always available in modern systems. Thank you Yusuke! In 1990/jaw shark.sh had to be modified as well. This had to do with '.' not being in the default PATH. As well I had previously made a mistake about btoa versus atob as both were referenced in 1990/jaw/README.md. I believe I have this correct now. Many if not all the README files were modified with various changes including formatting (like turning them into markdown) and section titles amongst other things. I seem to recall I'm missing something here but I can't recall what I recall :-) so this will have to suffice this time round (maybe it was the btoa/atob issue that I just remembered and added above but I'm not sure).
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@@ -21,38 +21,44 @@
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## To build:
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make all
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make all
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### To run
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NOTE: as `btoa` is not common we used a ruby script from Yusuke Endoh. Thank you
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Yusuke for your implementation of `btoa`!
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echo "Quartz glyph jocks vend, fix, BMW." | ./compress | ./btoa | ./jaw
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### Try:
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## Judges' comments
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echo "Quartz glyph jocks vend, fix, BMW." | compress | ./btoa | ./jaw
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NOTE: part of this entry does not work under macOS.
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The program, in its base form, implements two useful utilities:
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## Judges' comments:
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The program, in its base form, implements two useful utilities:
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atob - ascii to binary conversion
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zcat - decompression filter
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To test the official C entry, one might try:
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To test the official C entry, one might try:
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echo "Quartz glyph jocks vend, fix, BMW." | compress | btoa | jaw
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echo "Quartz glyph jocks vend, fix, BMW." | compress | ./btoa | ./jaw
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which should apply the identity transformation to a minimal
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holoalphabetic sentence.
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which should apply the identity transformation to a minimal
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holoalphabetic sentence.
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Included with this entry is a shell script (with comments edited down
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to reduce it to 1530 bytes) which implements the complete
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shark utility. The script, shark.sh, contains a 'jaw.c' embedded
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within it!
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Included with this entry is a shell script (with comments edited down
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to reduce it to 1530 bytes) which implements the complete
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shark utility. The script, shark.sh, contains a 'jaw.c' embedded
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within it!
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The sender must have 'compress' and 'btoa'. To send, try:
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The sender must have 'compress' and 'btoa'. To send, try:
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sh shark.sh jaw.* > receive
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The resulting file, 'receive', unpacks the input files
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even if the receiver lacks 'uncompress' and 'atob':
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The resulting file, 'receive', unpacks the input files
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even if the receiver lacks 'uncompress' and 'btoa':
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mkdir test
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cd test
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@@ -60,71 +66,68 @@
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cmp ../jaw.c jaw.c
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cmp ../jaw.hint jaw.hint
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## Author's comments
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## Authors' comments:
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT
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Minimal, Universal File Bundling
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(or, Functional Obfuscation in a Self-Decoding Unix Shell Archive)
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Minimal, Universal File Bundling
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(or, Functional Obfuscation in a Self-Decoding Unix Shell Archive)
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James A. Woods
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Universities Space Research Association
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NASA Ames Research Center
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James A. Woods
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Universities Space Research Association
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NASA Ames Research Center
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"Use an algorithm, go to jail."
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"Use an algorithm, go to jail."
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[anon., circa 1988, pre-Morris worm era]
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Myriad formats have been proposed for network-mailable
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data. A major difficulty undermining the popularity of most
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file/message bundlers is that the sender assumes prior
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installation of the computational dual of such bundling
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software by the receiver. Command shell archives alleviate
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this problem somewhat, but still require standardization for
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the function of data compression and mail-transparency
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encoding. On Unix, these coding format quandaries are over-
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come by planting a novel Trojan Horse in the archive header
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to perform negotiationless decoding.
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Myriad formats have been proposed for network-mailable
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data. A major difficulty undermining the popularity of most
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file/message bundlers is that the sender assumes prior
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installation of the computational dual of such bundling
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software by the receiver. Command shell archives alleviate
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this problem somewhat, but still require standardization for
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the function of data compression and mail-transparency
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encoding. On Unix, these coding format quandaries are over-
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come by planting a novel Trojan Horse in the archive header
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to perform negotiation-less decoding.
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Specifically, we outline the development of an extraor-
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dinarily compact portable (un)bundler to (dis)assemble
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data-compressed, binary-to-ASCII-converted, length-split,
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and checksummed directory structures using standard Unix
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tools. Miniature versions of counterparts to a Lempel-Ziv
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coder ('compress' or 'squeeze') and an efficient bit packet-
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izer ('btoa') are compiled on-the-fly at mail destination
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sites where they may not already exist. These are written
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in purposefully obfuscated-C to accompany similarly-shrunk
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shell command glue. This resulting shell archiver is dubbed
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'shark'.
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Specifically, we outline the development of an extraordinarily compact
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portable (un)bundler to (dis)assemble data-compressed,
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binary-to-ASCII-converted, length-split, and checksummed directory structures
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using standard Unix tools. Miniature versions of counterparts to a Lempel-Ziv
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coder ('compress' or 'squeeze') and an efficient bit packet- izer ('btoa') are
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compiled on-the-fly at mail destination sites where they may not already
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exist. These are written in purposefully obfuscated-C to accompany
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similarly-shrunk shell command glue. This resulting shell archiver is dubbed
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'shark'.
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'Shark' procedure overhead consumes as few as three
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dozen shell lines (or ~1100 bytes), commensurate with the
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size of many Internet mail headers; it amortizes favorably
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with message size. 'Shark' is portable across Unix vari-
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ants, while the underlying technique is inherently general-
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izable to other encoding schemes.
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'Shark' procedure overhead consumes as few as three dozen shell lines (or
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~1100 bytes), commensurate with the size of many Internet mail headers; it
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amortizes favorably with message size. 'Shark' is portable across Unix
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variants, while the underlying technique is inherently generalizable to other
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encoding schemes.
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In the function-theoretic sense of minimal
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Chaitin/Kolmogorov complexity, and within a modified Shannon
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model of communication, the 'shark' effort aims to construct
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a "shortest program" for source decoding in the Turing-
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universal Unix environment.
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In the function-theoretic sense of minimal
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Chaitin/Kolmogorov complexity, and within a modified Shannon
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model of communication, the 'shark' effort aims to construct
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a "shortest program" for source decoding in the Turing-
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universal Unix environment.
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----------------------------------------------
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----------------------------------------------
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Oh, the shark has pretty teeth, dear--
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And he shows them pearly white
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Just a jackknife has Macheath, dear--
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And he keeps it out of sight.
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Oh, the shark has pretty teeth, dear--
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And he shows them pearly white
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Just a jackknife has Macheath, dear--
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And he keeps it out of sight.
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[Bertolt Brecht, Threepenny Opera]
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----------------------------------------------
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----------------------------------------------
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We have ported this program to a wide variety of systems. Among
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these are:
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We have ported this program to a wide variety of systems. Among
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these are:
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SunOS 4.1 / Sun Sparcstation 1 (using both 'cc' and 'gcc 1.37.1')
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SunOS 4.0.3 / Sun 3
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@@ -137,92 +140,91 @@
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Dynix / Sequent Balance ('cc' for Natl. Semi. base + 'gcc 1.36')
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Unicos / Cray 2
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We (the authors) feel this program is obfuscated for the
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following reasons:
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We (the authors) feel this program is obfuscated for the
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following reasons:
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(0) This is one of the few programs you'll see WHOSE VERY UTILITY
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DEPENDS ON ITS OBFUSCATION!
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(1) The contest entry may be used to send its wonderful self to
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anyone in the Unix world! Virus writers need not apply...
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0. This is one of the few programs you'll see WHOSE VERY UTILITY DEPENDS ON ITS
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OBFUSCATION!
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(2) The basic idea is twisted enough to be patentable, but is,
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out of the kindness of our hearts (as well as to maintain
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eligibility for the large IOCCC prize fund), dedicated to
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the public domain. Claude Shannon, meet Alan Turing.
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1. The contest entry may be used to send its wonderful self to anyone in the
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Unix world! Virus writers need not apply...
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(3) Meta-obfuscation is via obfuscated description (see ABSTRACT).
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2. The basic idea is twisted enough to be patentable, but is, out of the
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kindness of our hearts (as well as to maintain eligibility for the large IOCCC
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prize fund), dedicated to the public domain. Claude Shannon, meet Alan Turing.
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(4) "Literary" allusion. Production code contains a reference to
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self-reference, preserved at amazing cost for sheer perversity.
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3. Meta-obfuscation is via obfuscated description (see ABSTRACT).
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(5) Many, many micro obfuscations below, honed over three years
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time, in shell as well as C. Ask about the 'tar' pit escape,
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the argv[0] flip, Paul's &4294967295 portability hack, the
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"void where prohibited by flaw" fix, the scanf() spacesaver,
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shift shenanigans, signal madness, exit()ing stage left, and
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source-to-source transformations galore.
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4. "Literary" allusion. Production code contains a reference to self-reference,
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preserved at amazing cost for sheer perversity.
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For extra credit:
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5. Many, many micro obfuscations below, honed over three years time, in shell as
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well as C. Ask about the 'tar' pit escape, the argv[0] flip, Paul's &4294967295
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portability hack, the "void where prohibited by flaw" fix, the scanf()
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spacesaver, shift shenanigans, signal madness, exit()ing stage left, and
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source-to-source transformations galore.
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Construct 'sharkmail', to auto-split sharkives into mailable
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segments and mail them. Here's a simple one, which could be
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extended to enable auto-reassembly with one shell cmd at the
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far end.
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For extra credit:
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------------------------ cut here for sharkmail -----------------------
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#!/bin/sh
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m=$1; shift
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shark $* | split -800 - /tmp/shark$$
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n=`ls /tmp/shark$$* | wc -l | sed 's/ *//'`
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p=0
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for f in `ls /tmp/shark$$*`
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do
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p=`expr $p + 1`
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mail -s "bundle ($p of $n) from '`whoami`'" $m < $f
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done
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rm /tmp/shark$$*
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------------------------ end of sharkmail -----------------------------
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Construct 'sharkmail', to auto-split sharkives into mailable
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segments and mail them. Here's a simple one, which could be
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extended to enable auto-reassembly with one shell cmd at the
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far end.
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------------------------ cut here for sharkmail -----------------------
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#!/bin/sh
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m=$1; shift
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shark $* | split -800 - /tmp/shark$$
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n=`ls /tmp/shark$$* | wc -l | sed 's/ *//'`
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p=0
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for f in `ls /tmp/shark$$*`
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do
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p=`expr $p + 1`
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mail -s "bundle ($p of $n) from '`whoami`'" $m < $f
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done
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rm /tmp/shark$$*
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------------------------ end of sharkmail -----------------------------
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Shark history:
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May 1987: Karl Fox introduces 1023-byte zcat.c to USENET.
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May 1987: Karl Fox introduces 1023-byte zcat.c to USENET.
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It's too late for the 4th IOCCC.
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May 21, 1987: James A. Woods extends idea to construct self
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May 21, 1987: James A. Woods extends idea to construct self
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decompressing shar Trojan horse, utilizing 'cc', 'shar',
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'zcat', & 'atob'; size: 2303 bytes.
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'zcat', & 'btoa'; size: 2303 bytes.
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May 23, 1987: 'jaw' trims 250 bytes without much thought.
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May 23, 1987: 'jaw' trims 250 bytes without much thought.
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June 2, 1987: 52 lines of shell, 1991 bytes, now made with 'tar',
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June 2, 1987: 52 lines of shell, 1991 bytes, now made with 'tar',
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short-circuit C-compile at far end, dual-use main.c,
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portability mods. (jaw)
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Mar-May 1988: abortive run at 5th IOCCC.
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jaw.c - 1529 bytes. compile line: 152 bytes.
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Mar-May 1988: abortive run at 5th IOCCC.
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jaw.c - 1529 bytes. compile line: 152 bytes.
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generated funny code with execvp() to invoke shell.
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Aug 29, 1988: production version, now at 1830 bytes.
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Aug 29, 1988: production version, now at 1830 bytes.
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Jan 1990: Paul Eggert does tour-de-force shark re-engineering.
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Jan 1990: Paul Eggert does tour-de-force shark re-engineering.
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May 24, 1990: collaboration yields 999-byte jaw.c core (see above)
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May 24, 1990: collaboration yields 999-byte jaw.c core (see above)
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and 1530-byte production shell code (w/comments).
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Eggert comes through with lion's share of improvements.
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7th IOCCC code now faster than the atob/zcat it replaces.
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7th IOCCC code now faster than the btoa/zcat it replaces.
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May 1990: 'jaw' develops experimental replacement using
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May 1990: 'jaw' develops experimental replacement using
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Dan Bernstein's high-compression 'squeeze'.
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To which we add:
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June 1990: 'shark' wins the IOCCC, finally! :-)
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June 1990: 'shark' wins the IOCCC, finally! :-)
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Copyright (c) 1990, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
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All Rights Reserved. Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is
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All Rights Reserved. Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is
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granted provided this this copyright and notice are included in its entirety
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and remains unaltered. All other uses must receive prior permission in writing
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and remains unaltered. All other uses must receive prior permission in writing
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from both Landon Curt Noll and Larry Bassel.
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