diff --git a/1984/anonymous/Makefile b/1984/anonymous/Makefile
index 634f50d6a..d7b9cff1e 100644
--- a/1984/anonymous/Makefile
+++ b/1984/anonymous/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ${ALT_TARGET}: ${PROG}.alt.c
 	@echo "** NOTE: this version might not work on some systems **"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	@echo "** NOTE: this version might not work on some systems **"
 
 # data files
diff --git a/1984/decot/Makefile b/1984/decot/Makefile
index 34d192d6d..ad3fdc0dd 100644
--- a/1984/decot/Makefile
+++ b/1984/decot/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	@echo "NOTE: this program prints out a string of garbage."
 
 # alternative executable
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -traditional-cpp $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -traditional-cpp $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 # data files
 #
 data: ${DATA}
diff --git a/1984/laman/Makefile b/1984/laman/Makefile
index e79262586..7c342b81a 100644
--- a/1984/laman/Makefile
+++ b/1984/laman/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry will likely crash or do something else without an arg."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1984/mullender/Makefile b/1984/mullender/Makefile
index 2447a5fdc..15059da89 100644
--- a/1984/mullender/Makefile
+++ b/1984/mullender/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: This entry is likely to fail and/or dump core on any computer other"
 	@echo "than a Vax-11 or pdp-11."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 gentab: gentab.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # alternative executable
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${ALT_TARGET}: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} -include stdio.h -include unistd.h -include stdlib.h ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} -include stdio.h -include unistd.h -include stdlib.h ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1985/applin/Makefile b/1985/applin/Makefile
index 6d7787a68..c1e65d064 100644
--- a/1985/applin/Makefile
+++ b/1985/applin/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this does not work properly in macOS."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1985/august/Makefile b/1985/august/Makefile
index 4c04ff980..109849deb 100644
--- a/1985/august/Makefile
+++ b/1985/august/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1985/lycklama/Makefile b/1985/lycklama/Makefile
index 7a0d44dc3..8539a1cb9 100644
--- a/1985/lycklama/Makefile
+++ b/1985/lycklama/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1985/shapiro/Makefile b/1985/shapiro/Makefile
index 37e8b297e..81f8d13c6 100644
--- a/1985/shapiro/Makefile
+++ b/1985/shapiro/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1985/sicherman/Makefile b/1985/sicherman/Makefile
index b7495948d..fbd287252 100644
--- a/1985/sicherman/Makefile
+++ b/1985/sicherman/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
 alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -traditional-cpp $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -traditional-cpp $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1986/applin/Makefile b/1986/applin/Makefile
index 4ae974b67..49a0f0a46 100644
--- a/1986/applin/Makefile
+++ b/1986/applin/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/august/Makefile b/1986/august/Makefile
index 6e5924207..4c4db6146 100644
--- a/1986/august/Makefile
+++ b/1986/august/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry is very likely to dump core after its output."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/bright/Makefile b/1986/bright/Makefile
index 2ad0ca59a..32078d7be 100644
--- a/1986/bright/Makefile
+++ b/1986/bright/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/hague/Makefile b/1986/hague/Makefile
index 90522960c..810b9c51f 100644
--- a/1986/hague/Makefile
+++ b/1986/hague/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry uses gets() so you might get a warning about this"
 	@echo "      when compiling and running this program with some systems."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/holloway/Makefile b/1986/holloway/Makefile
index 80c795f5d..e3f9bdaba 100644
--- a/1986/holloway/Makefile
+++ b/1986/holloway/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/marshall/Makefile b/1986/marshall/Makefile
index 3291ed941..d3f69bc73 100644
--- a/1986/marshall/Makefile
+++ b/1986/marshall/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/pawka/Makefile b/1986/pawka/Makefile
index 61ec69fb0..84d0ad169 100644
--- a/1986/pawka/Makefile
+++ b/1986/pawka/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1986/stein/Makefile b/1986/stein/Makefile
index fc0681611..0efebeb00 100644
--- a/1986/stein/Makefile
+++ b/1986/stein/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	-${RM} -f a.out
 	-${LN} $@ a.out
 
diff --git a/1986/wall/Makefile b/1986/wall/Makefile
index fd6aafdde..17814b650 100644
--- a/1986/wall/Makefile
+++ b/1986/wall/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1987/biggar/Makefile b/1987/biggar/Makefile
index b8411984d..b15857a0a 100644
--- a/1987/biggar/Makefile
+++ b/1987/biggar/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DC="R>0" -DI="if(T)O" -DO="c=write(1,&c,1);" \
 	    -DP="main(){X}" -DR="read(0,&c,1)" -DT="c!=015" \
-	    -DW="while(C)I" -DX="char c;W"  $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	    -DW="while(C)I" -DX="char c;W"  $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1987/heckbert/Makefile b/1987/heckbert/Makefile
index 2848b8962..9207c333a 100644
--- a/1987/heckbert/Makefile
+++ b/1987/heckbert/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1987/hines/Makefile b/1987/hines/Makefile
index 3a1b3ad54..bb8480264 100644
--- a/1987/hines/Makefile
+++ b/1987/hines/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 	@echo "NOTE: The original source might not compile using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1987/korn/Makefile b/1987/korn/Makefile
index a1c1c67ff..95d27afb8 100644
--- a/1987/korn/Makefile
+++ b/1987/korn/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1987/lievaart/Makefile b/1987/lievaart/Makefile
index a36742279..51fe54363 100644
--- a/1987/lievaart/Makefile
+++ b/1987/lievaart/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}2: ${PROG}2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-format $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-format $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 	@echo "NOTE: The original source might not compile using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}2.alt: ${PROG}2.alt.c
 	@echo "NOTE: The original source might not compile using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1987/wall/Makefile b/1987/wall/Makefile
index 90bedad40..095d16fc8 100644
--- a/1987/wall/Makefile
+++ b/1987/wall/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1987/westley/Makefile b/1987/westley/Makefile
index 773cc2aa9..2f15f0a38 100644
--- a/1987/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1987/westley/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1988/applin/Makefile b/1988/applin/Makefile
index f8af0bbf1..87205cb92 100644
--- a/1988/applin/Makefile
+++ b/1988/applin/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/1988/dale/Makefile b/1988/dale/Makefile
index 37840880e..cd2032ff1 100644
--- a/1988/dale/Makefile
+++ b/1988/dale/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	@echo "NOTE: in linux after running this program it might drop core dumps"
 	@echo "even though it doesn't show any error."
 
diff --git a/1988/isaak/Makefile b/1988/isaak/Makefile
index efcf8d3f7..312583e6e 100644
--- a/1988/isaak/Makefile
+++ b/1988/isaak/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 	@echo "NOTE: The original source might not compile using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1988/litmaath/Makefile b/1988/litmaath/Makefile
index ad37da5af..317e4304d 100644
--- a/1988/litmaath/Makefile
+++ b/1988/litmaath/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1988/phillipps/Makefile b/1988/phillipps/Makefile
index b16bdebdb..ba85c12ad 100644
--- a/1988/phillipps/Makefile
+++ b/1988/phillipps/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1988/reddy/Makefile b/1988/reddy/Makefile
index f5c060f93..4dd8915a4 100644
--- a/1988/reddy/Makefile
+++ b/1988/reddy/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1988/robison/Makefile b/1988/robison/Makefile
index db224e0f8..436d57f7d 100644
--- a/1988/robison/Makefile
+++ b/1988/robison/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1988/spinellis/Makefile b/1988/spinellis/Makefile
index 27a2c1bed..8d4bf3e0c 100644
--- a/1988/spinellis/Makefile
+++ b/1988/spinellis/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c input.txt
 	@echo "NOTE: use make alt for clang."
 	@echo Now run the following command:
 	${RM} -f $@
-	@echo ${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS} '<' input.txt '&&' ./${PROG}
+	@echo ${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} '<' input.txt '&&' ./${PROG}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c input.txt
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-implicit-function-declaration $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-implicit-function-declaration $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	@echo Now run the following command:
 	@echo ./${PROG}.alt '<' input.txt '&&' ./${PROG}.alt
 
diff --git a/1988/westley/Makefile b/1988/westley/Makefile
index dd8aebef9..0a619f659 100644
--- a/1988/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1988/westley/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1989/fubar/Makefile b/1989/fubar/Makefile
index 330596e9b..029339b1c 100644
--- a/1989/fubar/Makefile
+++ b/1989/fubar/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/1989/jar.1/Makefile b/1989/jar.1/Makefile
index a2bceb85d..6a46deafa 100644
--- a/1989/jar.1/Makefile
+++ b/1989/jar.1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/1989/jar.2/Makefile b/1989/jar.2/Makefile
index 72251fa5a..df04069dd 100644
--- a/1989/jar.2/Makefile
+++ b/1989/jar.2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo NOTE: invalid input will cause this entry to dump core.
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
 alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1989/ovdluhe/Makefile b/1989/ovdluhe/Makefile
index e34e32258..ce41e6ad7 100644
--- a/1989/ovdluhe/Makefile
+++ b/1989/ovdluhe/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1989/paul/Makefile b/1989/paul/Makefile
index c0c3e1ba0..fbf7a770d 100644
--- a/1989/paul/Makefile
+++ b/1989/paul/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1989/robison/Makefile b/1989/robison/Makefile
index d4ce927b6..015306a20 100644
--- a/1989/robison/Makefile
+++ b/1989/robison/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CINCLUDE+= -include stdlib.h
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry will crash with numbers with non binary digits."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1989/roemer/Makefile b/1989/roemer/Makefile
index 3a83e5a5e..8df2e1b0a 100644
--- a/1989/roemer/Makefile
+++ b/1989/roemer/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1989/tromp/Makefile b/1989/tromp/Makefile
index 6ae11c361..f2908101b 100644
--- a/1989/tromp/Makefile
+++ b/1989/tromp/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1989/vanb/Makefile b/1989/vanb/Makefile
index 0319a77e6..0c7b40524 100644
--- a/1989/vanb/Makefile
+++ b/1989/vanb/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1989/westley/Makefile b/1989/westley/Makefile
index eef3a947a..de409993f 100644
--- a/1989/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1989/westley/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: This entry uses non-standard args to main() that do not work with some modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -141,22 +141,22 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ver0: ${PROG}
 	-./${PROG} < westley.c > ver0.c
-	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver0.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver0.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ver1: ${PROG}
 	-./${PROG} 1 < westley.c > ver1.c
 	@echo "** NOTE: this version will not compile with clang **"
-	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver1.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver1.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ver2: ${PROG}
 	-./${PROG} 1 2 < westley.c > ver2.c
 	@echo "** NOTE: this version will not compile with clang **"
-	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver2.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver2.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ver3: ${PROG}
 	-./${PROG} 1 2 3 < westley.c > ver3.c
 	@echo "** NOTE: this version will not compile with clang **"
-	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver3.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} ver3.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1990/baruch/Makefile b/1990/baruch/Makefile
index efe2aaf2c..924af8c8d 100644
--- a/1990/baruch/Makefile
+++ b/1990/baruch/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/cmills/Makefile b/1990/cmills/Makefile
index ccb8fa2d9..67555ed26 100644
--- a/1990/cmills/Makefile
+++ b/1990/cmills/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/dds/Makefile b/1990/dds/Makefile
index 3c63fe438..ebd1cf4f1 100644
--- a/1990/dds/Makefile
+++ b/1990/dds/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/dg/Makefile b/1990/dg/Makefile
index a75be545d..57b633a1d 100644
--- a/1990/dg/Makefile
+++ b/1990/dg/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/jaw/Makefile b/1990/jaw/Makefile
index b0ddac970..a5f2199ed 100644
--- a/1990/jaw/Makefile
+++ b/1990/jaw/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 zcat: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 atob: zcat
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1990/pjr/Makefile b/1990/pjr/Makefile
index c8b70fc78..4af68e41b 100644
--- a/1990/pjr/Makefile
+++ b/1990/pjr/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/scjones/Makefile b/1990/scjones/Makefile
index 25a75f999..aee399691 100644
--- a/1990/scjones/Makefile
+++ b/1990/scjones/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1990/stig/Makefile b/1990/stig/Makefile
index 743fac03a..cf2b56dd5 100644
--- a/1990/stig/Makefile
+++ b/1990/stig/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/1990/tbr/Makefile b/1990/tbr/Makefile
index 81018b27b..1274b8fce 100644
--- a/1990/tbr/Makefile
+++ b/1990/tbr/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: This entry might not compile when using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1990/theorem/Makefile b/1990/theorem/Makefile
index 73fb35232..a0eaca18c 100644
--- a/1990/theorem/Makefile
+++ b/1990/theorem/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 sorter.c: ${PROG} ${PROG}.c
 	-./theorem -r 0 0 0 0 < theorem.c > sorter.c
diff --git a/1990/westley/Makefile b/1990/westley/Makefile
index 69b9c1359..e61db43c7 100644
--- a/1990/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1990/westley/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this will very likely crash without an arg and will enter an infinite loop"
 	@echo "with an arg that is not a number > 0."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/ant/Makefile b/1991/ant/Makefile
index 1affc081b..2dccc9915 100644
--- a/1991/ant/Makefile
+++ b/1991/ant/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses -ltermcap
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses -ltermcap
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/brnstnd/Makefile b/1991/brnstnd/Makefile
index e0786b43e..972478aac 100644
--- a/1991/brnstnd/Makefile
+++ b/1991/brnstnd/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/buzzard/Makefile b/1991/buzzard/Makefile
index d5d8a6c08..26e02f174 100644
--- a/1991/buzzard/Makefile
+++ b/1991/buzzard/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/cdupont/Makefile b/1991/cdupont/Makefile
index 546d7160a..d6347869c 100644
--- a/1991/cdupont/Makefile
+++ b/1991/cdupont/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/davidguy/Makefile b/1991/davidguy/Makefile
index 9ae600e28..075761814 100644
--- a/1991/davidguy/Makefile
+++ b/1991/davidguy/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/dds/Makefile b/1991/dds/Makefile
index 0f4b8b9e7..c911ec46f 100644
--- a/1991/dds/Makefile
+++ b/1991/dds/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 a: a.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-return-type $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-return-type $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/fine/Makefile b/1991/fine/Makefile
index a7ab4c592..5891fdd75 100644
--- a/1991/fine/Makefile
+++ b/1991/fine/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/rince/Makefile b/1991/rince/Makefile
index cc6b162ac..99494b3c3 100644
--- a/1991/rince/Makefile
+++ b/1991/rince/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses -ltermcap
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses -ltermcap
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1991/westley/Makefile b/1991/westley/Makefile
index 592f05854..92f35be96 100644
--- a/1991/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1991/westley/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/adrian/Makefile b/1992/adrian/Makefile
index 090fc340b..f478b2759 100644
--- a/1992/adrian/Makefile
+++ b/1992/adrian/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	${RM} -f ad.temp adwc.c adbasename.c adecho.c adhead.c adsleep.c
 	${SED} '1s/\..*\./. wc ./' adrian.c > ad.temp
 	-./adrian ad.temp <ad.temp >adwc.c
diff --git a/1992/albert/Makefile b/1992/albert/Makefile
index 59fa8fdac..22b207fed 100644
--- a/1992/albert/Makefile
+++ b/1992/albert/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1992/ant/Makefile b/1992/ant/Makefile
index c7c1bff54..a46922179 100644
--- a/1992/ant/Makefile
+++ b/1992/ant/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 am: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1992/buzzard.1/Makefile b/1992/buzzard.1/Makefile
index 6e16b946a..0228fee30 100644
--- a/1992/buzzard.1/Makefile
+++ b/1992/buzzard.1/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/buzzard.2/Makefile b/1992/buzzard.2/Makefile
index b15ebd538..ae2cd4a94 100644
--- a/1992/buzzard.2/Makefile
+++ b/1992/buzzard.2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 first: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1992/gson/Makefile b/1992/gson/Makefile
index d5a42c1db..9fce85893 100644
--- a/1992/gson/Makefile
+++ b/1992/gson/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ag: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1992/imc/Makefile b/1992/imc/Makefile
index ad3f6bbe4..3291ba5d4 100644
--- a/1992/imc/Makefile
+++ b/1992/imc/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/kivinen/Makefile b/1992/kivinen/Makefile
index 8a721aa7a..fc4694e50 100644
--- a/1992/kivinen/Makefile
+++ b/1992/kivinen/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/lush/Makefile b/1992/lush/Makefile
index 880722a7c..de1adab6f 100644
--- a/1992/lush/Makefile
+++ b/1992/lush/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 lush.again: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	${RM} -f $@
 
 # alternative executable
diff --git a/1992/marangon/Makefile b/1992/marangon/Makefile
index 235bfaa1e..dd637b8b9 100644
--- a/1992/marangon/Makefile
+++ b/1992/marangon/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/nathan/Makefile b/1992/nathan/Makefile
index 37f4588cb..4e042323a 100644
--- a/1992/nathan/Makefile
+++ b/1992/nathan/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1992/vern/Makefile b/1992/vern/Makefile
index 6e0523dad..4d977b707 100644
--- a/1992/vern/Makefile
+++ b/1992/vern/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.tmp.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.tmp.c: ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1992/westley/Makefile b/1992/westley/Makefile
index c2bd99396..62a3fe142 100644
--- a/1992/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1992/westley/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: your terminal must wrap at 80 columns for this to work right!"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 whereami: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1993/ant/Makefile b/1993/ant/Makefile
index 9f975c375..864ab1c47 100644
--- a/1993/ant/Makefile
+++ b/1993/ant/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ag: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1993/cmills/Makefile b/1993/cmills/Makefile
index d8a9aba58..ab03c66a3 100644
--- a/1993/cmills/Makefile
+++ b/1993/cmills/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 chris: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1993/dgibson/Makefile b/1993/dgibson/Makefile
index 72653afb4..21a492914 100644
--- a/1993/dgibson/Makefile
+++ b/1993/dgibson/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	    echo "echo dgibson.data1 > data.name"; \
 	    echo dgibson.data1 > data.name; \
 	fi
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	${CHMOD} +x dgibson.sh
 
 # alternative executable
diff --git a/1993/ejb/Makefile b/1993/ejb/Makefile
index f827c81de..ef8c750fd 100644
--- a/1993/ejb/Makefile
+++ b/1993/ejb/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1993/jonth/Makefile b/1993/jonth/Makefile
index 1c90522b2..bc60b83af 100644
--- a/1993/jonth/Makefile
+++ b/1993/jonth/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.tmp.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.tmp.c: ${PROG}.c
 	${SED} -e 's/\^\ /#define/' -e 's/@/Window(D,/g' $< > $@
diff --git a/1993/leo/Makefile b/1993/leo/Makefile
index ea6f1a888..01a171fad 100644
--- a/1993/leo/Makefile
+++ b/1993/leo/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET} ${ALT_TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 mind: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1993/lmfjyh/Makefile b/1993/lmfjyh/Makefile
index 9a9b2dea6..3e23d8aa7 100644
--- a/1993/lmfjyh/Makefile
+++ b/1993/lmfjyh/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c
 	${CP} lmfjyh.c \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} \
-	    \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c -o $@ ${LIBS} || \
+	    \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} || \
 	    ${RM} -f \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c
 	${RM} -f \"\;main\(\)\{puts\(\"Hello\ World!\"\)\;\}char\*C=\".c
 
diff --git a/1993/plummer/Makefile b/1993/plummer/Makefile
index f5168fe24..032a9515b 100644
--- a/1993/plummer/Makefile
+++ b/1993/plummer/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this program will likely crash or do something else without enough args."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1993/rince/Makefile b/1993/rince/Makefile
index ddaba7799..3a8cd3e71 100644
--- a/1993/rince/Makefile
+++ b/1993/rince/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses -ltermcap
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses -ltermcap
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 jkb: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1993/schnitzi/Makefile b/1993/schnitzi/Makefile
index 09c3a2e12..1749e3078 100644
--- a/1993/schnitzi/Makefile
+++ b/1993/schnitzi/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry will segfault if the file cannot be opened."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1993/vanb/Makefile b/1993/vanb/Makefile
index aa07f55a3..0c9bd316e 100644
--- a/1993/vanb/Makefile
+++ b/1993/vanb/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/dodsond1/Makefile b/1994/dodsond1/Makefile
index a6671e159..aa6767241 100644
--- a/1994/dodsond1/Makefile
+++ b/1994/dodsond1/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/dodsond2/Makefile b/1994/dodsond2/Makefile
index 9395ab879..b689fa1e9 100644
--- a/1994/dodsond2/Makefile
+++ b/1994/dodsond2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/horton/Makefile b/1994/horton/Makefile
index d8a9aa438..e3f6c0770 100644
--- a/1994/horton/Makefile
+++ b/1994/horton/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 gtface: gtface.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1994/imc/Makefile b/1994/imc/Makefile
index d7fe2cf30..3fbb62d66 100644
--- a/1994/imc/Makefile
+++ b/1994/imc/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/ldb/Makefile b/1994/ldb/Makefile
index 07f5f7e8f..b6533ab06 100644
--- a/1994/ldb/Makefile
+++ b/1994/ldb/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/schnitzi/Makefile b/1994/schnitzi/Makefile
index 1b269b79f..be4bbbcab 100644
--- a/1994/schnitzi/Makefile
+++ b/1994/schnitzi/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: the buffer size of this entry is very small at 100."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/shapiro/Makefile b/1994/shapiro/Makefile
index 7de8cb116..5124a8efd 100644
--- a/1994/shapiro/Makefile
+++ b/1994/shapiro/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,14 +129,14 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}_t2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_t2.c: ${PROG}_t1
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./${PROG}_t1 > $@
 
 ${PROG}_t1: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1994/smr/Makefile b/1994/smr/Makefile
index 438288578..86a81ac9b 100644
--- a/1994/smr/Makefile
+++ b/1994/smr/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/1994/tvr/Makefile b/1994/tvr/Makefile
index 3c0484f41..fdd5c5f86 100644
--- a/1994/tvr/Makefile
+++ b/1994/tvr/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1994/weisberg/Makefile b/1994/weisberg/Makefile
index 9bf23ca8b..57762369a 100644
--- a/1994/weisberg/Makefile
+++ b/1994/weisberg/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${C_SMALL} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${C_SMALL} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${C_LARGE} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${C_LARGE} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1994/westley/Makefile b/1994/westley/Makefile
index d303fa01a..ae9305692 100644
--- a/1994/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1994/westley/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry has different compiler errors based on compilation line."
 	@echo "The purpose is to find the right error message to win the game!"
 	@echo "NOTE: your terminal should be set to 80 columns, 8 character tabs, and wraparound."
-	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	-${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/cdua/Makefile b/1995/cdua/Makefile
index 198662fd6..d482311e5 100644
--- a/1995/cdua/Makefile
+++ b/1995/cdua/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${ALT_TARGET}: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # data files
diff --git a/1995/dodsond1/Makefile b/1995/dodsond1/Makefile
index 2d330624c..d2a21111f 100644
--- a/1995/dodsond1/Makefile
+++ b/1995/dodsond1/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/dodsond2/Makefile b/1995/dodsond2/Makefile
index 7dd200242..37da77772 100644
--- a/1995/dodsond2/Makefile
+++ b/1995/dodsond2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses -ltermcap
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses -ltermcap
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/esde/Makefile b/1995/esde/Makefile
index f4cf5668e..461daa6e8 100644
--- a/1995/esde/Makefile
+++ b/1995/esde/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/garry/Makefile b/1995/garry/Makefile
index 7e99d5b63..a4d5ee53b 100644
--- a/1995/garry/Makefile
+++ b/1995/garry/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/heathbar/Makefile b/1995/heathbar/Makefile
index 3f8eb495a..0b44335a3 100644
--- a/1995/heathbar/Makefile
+++ b/1995/heathbar/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/leo/Makefile b/1995/leo/Makefile
index 6591c9b5f..50cda1c5f 100644
--- a/1995/leo/Makefile
+++ b/1995/leo/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/makarios/Makefile b/1995/makarios/Makefile
index ea9989e9c..dcea5d6a7 100644
--- a/1995/makarios/Makefile
+++ b/1995/makarios/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/savastio/Makefile b/1995/savastio/Makefile
index cf3ae9778..00bb5643e 100644
--- a/1995/savastio/Makefile
+++ b/1995/savastio/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/schnitzi/Makefile b/1995/schnitzi/Makefile
index f93f0dda3..31321c9f8 100644
--- a/1995/schnitzi/Makefile
+++ b/1995/schnitzi/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/spinellis/Makefile b/1995/spinellis/Makefile
index 49b0a6e1a..8d08b574e 100644
--- a/1995/spinellis/Makefile
+++ b/1995/spinellis/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1995/vanschnitz/Makefile b/1995/vanschnitz/Makefile
index 4c6122aab..7d2f44180 100644
--- a/1995/vanschnitz/Makefile
+++ b/1995/vanschnitz/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/august/Makefile b/1996/august/Makefile
index 1a78eff29..57614437d 100644
--- a/1996/august/Makefile
+++ b/1996/august/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,14 +132,14 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	${CHMOD} +r fac.oc parse.oc test.oc
 
 # This forms a byte code execution engine written in OC
 #
 ${PROG}.oc: ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -E $< -o $@ ${LIBS} > $@
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -E $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} > $@
 	${CHMOD} +r $@
 
 # alternative executable
diff --git a/1996/dalbec/Makefile b/1996/dalbec/Makefile
index 996c57bd2..1da33cd3d 100644
--- a/1996/dalbec/Makefile
+++ b/1996/dalbec/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/eldby/Makefile b/1996/eldby/Makefile
index a80768160..0b424f3bf 100644
--- a/1996/eldby/Makefile
+++ b/1996/eldby/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/gandalf/Makefile b/1996/gandalf/Makefile
index 53113922e..a95d5eb05 100644
--- a/1996/gandalf/Makefile
+++ b/1996/gandalf/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: This entry might not compile when using modern compilers."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 hatcat: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1996/huffman/Makefile b/1996/huffman/Makefile
index 1910797f9..eb4ddb1fc 100644
--- a/1996/huffman/Makefile
+++ b/1996/huffman/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/jonth/Makefile b/1996/jonth/Makefile
index 50dd6e49e..a3e9ef933 100644
--- a/1996/jonth/Makefile
+++ b/1996/jonth/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/rcm/Makefile b/1996/rcm/Makefile
index 5619f1567..744bc37fd 100644
--- a/1996/rcm/Makefile
+++ b/1996/rcm/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/schweikh1/Makefile b/1996/schweikh1/Makefile
index 1f82c2d62..f04a1c650 100644
--- a/1996/schweikh1/Makefile
+++ b/1996/schweikh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/schweikh2/Makefile b/1996/schweikh2/Makefile
index 7e9b67be9..23ac7e426 100644
--- a/1996/schweikh2/Makefile
+++ b/1996/schweikh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/schweikh3/Makefile b/1996/schweikh3/Makefile
index cab469916..3ffee1399 100644
--- a/1996/schweikh3/Makefile
+++ b/1996/schweikh3/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1996/westley/Makefile b/1996/westley/Makefile
index 058007466..78f11aab2 100644
--- a/1996/westley/Makefile
+++ b/1996/westley/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1998/banks/Makefile b/1998/banks/Makefile
index bf5705eb2..fb3a80ca7 100644
--- a/1998/banks/Makefile
+++ b/1998/banks/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/bas1/Makefile b/1998/bas1/Makefile
index 40fc4359f..4a1f1f74b 100644
--- a/1998/bas1/Makefile
+++ b/1998/bas1/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/bas2/Makefile b/1998/bas2/Makefile
index 43c0b178d..3903e94b6 100644
--- a/1998/bas2/Makefile
+++ b/1998/bas2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/chaos/Makefile b/1998/chaos/Makefile
index f7dc54321..876fb923a 100644
--- a/1998/chaos/Makefile
+++ b/1998/chaos/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}_nohalf: ${PROG}_nohalf.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_nohalf.c: ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1998/df/Makefile b/1998/df/Makefile
index 58e1388e3..695942178 100644
--- a/1998/df/Makefile
+++ b/1998/df/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/dlowe/Makefile b/1998/dlowe/Makefile
index 6b7b3432d..acf082ea9 100644
--- a/1998/dlowe/Makefile
+++ b/1998/dlowe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1998/dloweneil/Makefile b/1998/dloweneil/Makefile
index 2b0e585bb..a4f1eeda4 100644
--- a/1998/dloweneil/Makefile
+++ b/1998/dloweneil/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 pootris: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/1998/dorssel/Makefile b/1998/dorssel/Makefile
index 93dbc15e3..d1cdee6ae 100644
--- a/1998/dorssel/Makefile
+++ b/1998/dorssel/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/fanf/Makefile b/1998/fanf/Makefile
index b03da99c4..021a6038a 100644
--- a/1998/fanf/Makefile
+++ b/1998/fanf/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c ${LIBS} -o $@
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c ${LDFLAGS} -o $@
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/schnitzi/Makefile b/1998/schnitzi/Makefile
index f9b1247ed..87b11e963 100644
--- a/1998/schnitzi/Makefile
+++ b/1998/schnitzi/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/schweikh1/Makefile b/1998/schweikh1/Makefile
index 73bea14ee..30215b0d0 100644
--- a/1998/schweikh1/Makefile
+++ b/1998/schweikh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1998/schweikh2/Makefile b/1998/schweikh2/Makefile
index ee35efb95..91368df0e 100644
--- a/1998/schweikh2/Makefile
+++ b/1998/schweikh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/1998/schweikh3/Makefile b/1998/schweikh3/Makefile
index 31c5c46ce..cfd950c54 100644
--- a/1998/schweikh3/Makefile
+++ b/1998/schweikh3/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/1998/tomtorfs/Makefile b/1998/tomtorfs/Makefile
index a0c668965..69829cf17 100644
--- a/1998/tomtorfs/Makefile
+++ b/1998/tomtorfs/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/anderson/Makefile b/2000/anderson/Makefile
index b63f29178..cadebbd32 100644
--- a/2000/anderson/Makefile
+++ b/2000/anderson/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/bellard/Makefile b/2000/bellard/Makefile
index 1c07fe9c3..e3903a75f 100644
--- a/2000/bellard/Makefile
+++ b/2000/bellard/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/bmeyer/Makefile b/2000/bmeyer/Makefile
index 623f2fa9f..7f4e25726 100644
--- a/2000/bmeyer/Makefile
+++ b/2000/bmeyer/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/briddlebane/Makefile b/2000/briddlebane/Makefile
index 301fe1567..00c0678b4 100644
--- a/2000/briddlebane/Makefile
+++ b/2000/briddlebane/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/dhyang/Makefile b/2000/dhyang/Makefile
index 561b4d7ff..e1d0c876d 100644
--- a/2000/dhyang/Makefile
+++ b/2000/dhyang/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,31 +131,31 @@ all: data ${TARGET} test
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 saitou: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 aku.c: saitou
 	${RM} -f $@
 	-./$< > $@
 
 soku: aku.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 soku.c: soku
 	${RM} -f $@
 	-./$< > $@
 
 zan: soku.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 zan.c: zan
 	${RM} -f $@
 	-./$< > $@
 
 aku: zan.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 test: aku aku.c
 	./aku | ${DIFF} - aku.c
diff --git a/2000/dlowe/Makefile b/2000/dlowe/Makefile
index e50c1200e..eb1702c80 100644
--- a/2000/dlowe/Makefile
+++ b/2000/dlowe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/2000/jarijyrki/Makefile b/2000/jarijyrki/Makefile
index d60bfdb06..c05eade71 100644
--- a/2000/jarijyrki/Makefile
+++ b/2000/jarijyrki/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/natori/Makefile b/2000/natori/Makefile
index 83801de64..3c25c5868 100644
--- a/2000/natori/Makefile
+++ b/2000/natori/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/primenum/Makefile b/2000/primenum/Makefile
index 050c98f68..a205a8859 100644
--- a/2000/primenum/Makefile
+++ b/2000/primenum/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/rince/Makefile b/2000/rince/Makefile
index 918459610..86a3473d8 100644
--- a/2000/rince/Makefile
+++ b/2000/rince/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -lm -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/robison/Makefile b/2000/robison/Makefile
index a152e1486..dbd5b8033 100644
--- a/2000/robison/Makefile
+++ b/2000/robison/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/schneiderwent/Makefile b/2000/schneiderwent/Makefile
index 477f78a7f..fefcec738 100644
--- a/2000/schneiderwent/Makefile
+++ b/2000/schneiderwent/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 CFLAGS+= -trigraphs
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2000/thadgavin/Makefile b/2000/thadgavin/Makefile
index 3c2b8af1f..d3c43cd6a 100644
--- a/2000/thadgavin/Makefile
+++ b/2000/thadgavin/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "WARNING: if you are sensitive to rapid movement you should probably avoid this entry."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_sdl: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DSDL `${SDL1_CONFIG} --cflags` $< -o $@ ${LIBS} `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DSDL `${SDL1_CONFIG} --cflags` $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 ${PROG}.alt_sdl: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DSDL `${SDL1_CONFIG} --cflags` $< -o $@ ${LIBS} `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DSDL `${SDL1_CONFIG} --cflags` $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2000/tomx/Makefile b/2000/tomx/Makefile
index 3187fd7fc..284f46bd5 100644
--- a/2000/tomx/Makefile
+++ b/2000/tomx/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/anonymous/Makefile b/2001/anonymous/Makefile
index 4f92f53c2..fafc2bba8 100644
--- a/2001/anonymous/Makefile
+++ b/2001/anonymous/Makefile
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	X='-DA(X)=#X'; \
 	warning='-Dprocessor'; \
 	$$magic $$warning -Dmagic= $$X "-DX=A($$magic \"$$X\")" \
-		$< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+		$< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 ${PROG}.ten: ${PROG}.ten.c
@@ -155,13 +155,13 @@ ${PROG}.ten: ${PROG}.ten.c
 	@echo
 	@echo "but running ${PROG} on the resulting binary will crash."
 	@echo
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.ten.64: ${PROG}.ten.c
 	@echo "WARNING: the file created by this rule will NOT work with the entry itself;"
 	@echo "this is because it works ONLY on 32-bit ELF binaries! This however at least"
 	@echo "lets you see the supplementary program in action."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.bed: ${PROG}.bed.c
 	@echo "WARNING: ${PROG}.bed.c must be compiled as 32-bit to use with the entry itself;"
@@ -175,13 +175,13 @@ ${PROG}.bed: ${PROG}.bed.c
 	@echo
 	@echo "but running ${PROG} on the resulting binary will crash."
 	@echo
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.bed.64: ${PROG}.bed.c
 	@echo "WARNING: the file created by this rule will NOT work with the entry itself;"
 	@echo "this is because it works ONLY on 32-bit ELF binaries! This however at least"
 	@echo "lets you see the supplementary program in action."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # alternative executable
diff --git a/2001/bellard/Makefile b/2001/bellard/Makefile
index c57752f16..ba9e30a5a 100644
--- a/2001/bellard/Makefile
+++ b/2001/bellard/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -rdynamic -fno-pi
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -ldl
+LDFLAGS= -ldl
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "WARNING: ${PROG}.c must be compiled as 32-bit to use with the entry itself;"
 	@echo "if you cannot use -m32 this will NOT work!"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -m32 $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.otccex: ${PROG}.otccex.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/cheong/Makefile b/2001/cheong/Makefile
index 7280b74fb..6055f6894 100644
--- a/2001/cheong/Makefile
+++ b/2001/cheong/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/coupard/Makefile b/2001/coupard/Makefile
index c54cffb55..92c9328a1 100644
--- a/2001/coupard/Makefile
+++ b/2001/coupard/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/ctk/Makefile b/2001/ctk/Makefile
index cab0b23da..94be0051d 100644
--- a/2001/ctk/Makefile
+++ b/2001/ctk/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/dgbeards/Makefile b/2001/dgbeards/Makefile
index 3dcd3d7e8..3b8f9c8fa 100644
--- a/2001/dgbeards/Makefile
+++ b/2001/dgbeards/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/herrmann1/Makefile b/2001/herrmann1/Makefile
index 9a06761c4..934178313 100644
--- a/2001/herrmann1/Makefile
+++ b/2001/herrmann1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/2001/herrmann2/Makefile b/2001/herrmann2/Makefile
index d5812ea74..4b3bb1f06 100644
--- a/2001/herrmann2/Makefile
+++ b/2001/herrmann2/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${ALT_TARGET}: herrmann2.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2001/jason/Makefile b/2001/jason/Makefile
index 461d64a48..ddb906736 100644
--- a/2001/jason/Makefile
+++ b/2001/jason/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/kev/Makefile b/2001/kev/Makefile
index c1d5aac15..c444fb14d 100644
--- a/2001/kev/Makefile
+++ b/2001/kev/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2001/ollinger/Makefile b/2001/ollinger/Makefile
index 1227f86b0..2016e1f6d 100644
--- a/2001/ollinger/Makefile
+++ b/2001/ollinger/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/rosten/Makefile b/2001/rosten/Makefile
index a3610ba92..fc29949eb 100644
--- a/2001/rosten/Makefile
+++ b/2001/rosten/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/schweikh/Makefile b/2001/schweikh/Makefile
index e34a44d92..e8e9cf9cb 100644
--- a/2001/schweikh/Makefile
+++ b/2001/schweikh/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2001/westley/Makefile b/2001/westley/Makefile
index d5fff9562..7b770bbdf 100644
--- a/2001/westley/Makefile
+++ b/2001/westley/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,16 +136,16 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 westley2: westley2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 westley3: westley3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.sort: ${PROG}.sort.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # alternative executable
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2001/williams/Makefile b/2001/williams/Makefile
index 913ee33a0..13f6aae76 100644
--- a/2001/williams/Makefile
+++ b/2001/williams/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/anonymous/Makefile b/2004/anonymous/Makefile
index ec42882d5..2509cb0ef 100644
--- a/2004/anonymous/Makefile
+++ b/2004/anonymous/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/arachnid/Makefile b/2004/arachnid/Makefile
index 8dda71e51..f6f9623bd 100644
--- a/2004/arachnid/Makefile
+++ b/2004/arachnid/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 # data files
 #
 data: ${DATA}
diff --git a/2004/burley/Makefile b/2004/burley/Makefile
index c1e359ccb..d8895d586 100644
--- a/2004/burley/Makefile
+++ b/2004/burley/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/gavare/Makefile b/2004/gavare/Makefile
index 493f0abf0..da4824408 100644
--- a/2004/gavare/Makefile
+++ b/2004/gavare/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/gavin/Makefile b/2004/gavin/Makefile
index 9f10ab6cb..279b0e290 100644
--- a/2004/gavin/Makefile
+++ b/2004/gavin/Makefile
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 kernel: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/2004/hibachi/Makefile b/2004/hibachi/Makefile
index 10f9c6fac..95f95f5b3 100644
--- a/2004/hibachi/Makefile
+++ b/2004/hibachi/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ build/${PROG}: src
 	${CP} -v -r src build
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
 	cd build; CFLAGS="${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}" \
-	    LDFLAGS="${LIBS}" \
+	    LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}" \
 	    CC="${CC}" \
 	    ${SHELL} ./configure
 	cd build; ${MAKE}
diff --git a/2004/hoyle/Makefile b/2004/hoyle/Makefile
index c88190bef..4f332727f 100644
--- a/2004/hoyle/Makefile
+++ b/2004/hoyle/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2004/jdalbec/Makefile b/2004/jdalbec/Makefile
index a5114009e..31f585898 100644
--- a/2004/jdalbec/Makefile
+++ b/2004/jdalbec/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	-${CC} ${CSILENCE} -E ${PROG}.c > ${PROG}2.c
 	@${RM} -f ${PROG}3.c
 	${SED} -e 's/ (/(/g' < ${PROG}2.c > ${PROG}3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}3.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}3.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/kopczynski/Makefile b/2004/kopczynski/Makefile
index 0c443525d..d3a7484b3 100644
--- a/2004/kopczynski/Makefile
+++ b/2004/kopczynski/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2004/newbern/Makefile b/2004/newbern/Makefile
index 814ca9309..910111dcc 100644
--- a/2004/newbern/Makefile
+++ b/2004/newbern/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/omoikane/Makefile b/2004/omoikane/Makefile
index 90c88a637..3660fd903 100644
--- a/2004/omoikane/Makefile
+++ b/2004/omoikane/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/schnitzi/Makefile b/2004/schnitzi/Makefile
index c9117a20b..fcd09421b 100644
--- a/2004/schnitzi/Makefile
+++ b/2004/schnitzi/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/sds/Makefile b/2004/sds/Makefile
index 93cb0b598..4463d47e5 100644
--- a/2004/sds/Makefile
+++ b/2004/sds/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/vik1/Makefile b/2004/vik1/Makefile
index 403b8eeb6..ebdb66cd4 100644
--- a/2004/vik1/Makefile
+++ b/2004/vik1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2004/vik2/Makefile b/2004/vik2/Makefile
index dcbedd44b..a21c58338 100644
--- a/2004/vik2/Makefile
+++ b/2004/vik2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/2005/aidan/Makefile b/2005/aidan/Makefile
index 0cc65bdd4..0f2a92f2a 100644
--- a/2005/aidan/Makefile
+++ b/2005/aidan/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/anon/Makefile b/2005/anon/Makefile
index 081a8cbdb..82efcd563 100644
--- a/2005/anon/Makefile
+++ b/2005/anon/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DNO_STTY $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DNO_STTY $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # alternative executable
diff --git a/2005/boutines/Makefile b/2005/boutines/Makefile
index 58abc339d..440710315 100644
--- a/2005/boutines/Makefile
+++ b/2005/boutines/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/chia/Makefile b/2005/chia/Makefile
index 16b5d5385..c3633bdc2 100644
--- a/2005/chia/Makefile
+++ b/2005/chia/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/giljade/Makefile b/2005/giljade/Makefile
index e3c95ca4e..7e286c83a 100644
--- a/2005/giljade/Makefile
+++ b/2005/giljade/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this version cannot successfully run the self-test. Use make alt"
 	@echo "for a version which will work. See README.md for why it is this way."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2005/jetro/Makefile b/2005/jetro/Makefile
index 006131719..0f7de4257 100644
--- a/2005/jetro/Makefile
+++ b/2005/jetro/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= `${SDL2_CONFIG} --libs` -lm
+LDFLAGS= `${SDL2_CONFIG} --libs` -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/klausler/Makefile b/2005/klausler/Makefile
index 196456216..9dfeaf6b6 100644
--- a/2005/klausler/Makefile
+++ b/2005/klausler/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto dict.h
 
 ${PROG}: dict.h ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 dict.h:
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/2005/mikeash/Makefile b/2005/mikeash/Makefile
index 5147990ba..295ad917b 100644
--- a/2005/mikeash/Makefile
+++ b/2005/mikeash/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/mynx/Makefile b/2005/mynx/Makefile
index 72f898a29..01cc3bf8c 100644
--- a/2005/mynx/Makefile
+++ b/2005/mynx/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/persano/Makefile b/2005/persano/Makefile
index a22ac02cb..c55362873 100644
--- a/2005/persano/Makefile
+++ b/2005/persano/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/sykes/Makefile b/2005/sykes/Makefile
index 8e87b45ed..5b2ff8e7c 100644
--- a/2005/sykes/Makefile
+++ b/2005/sykes/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/timwi/Makefile b/2005/timwi/Makefile
index 796a88a9f..382890d04 100644
--- a/2005/timwi/Makefile
+++ b/2005/timwi/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/toledo/Makefile b/2005/toledo/Makefile
index 1a6ea3df1..b418e93b0 100644
--- a/2005/toledo/Makefile
+++ b/2005/toledo/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}2: ${PROG}2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}3: ${PROG}3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2005/vik/Makefile b/2005/vik/Makefile
index a7e35093b..1ae44348d 100644
--- a/2005/vik/Makefile
+++ b/2005/vik/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2005/vince/Makefile b/2005/vince/Makefile
index e40a274f5..5a9dfea37 100644
--- a/2005/vince/Makefile
+++ b/2005/vince/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lGL -lGLU -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -lGL -lGLU -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2006/birken/Makefile b/2006/birken/Makefile
index c000581a5..6da313818 100644
--- a/2006/birken/Makefile
+++ b/2006/birken/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/borsanyi/Makefile b/2006/borsanyi/Makefile
index 872cbecfa..343af090a 100644
--- a/2006/borsanyi/Makefile
+++ b/2006/borsanyi/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lpthread
+LDFLAGS= -lpthread
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/grothe/Makefile b/2006/grothe/Makefile
index 064dbc41f..d6a20758b 100644
--- a/2006/grothe/Makefile
+++ b/2006/grothe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/hamre/Makefile b/2006/hamre/Makefile
index e6e8199fe..00dead8ac 100644
--- a/2006/hamre/Makefile
+++ b/2006/hamre/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/meyer/Makefile b/2006/meyer/Makefile
index 63cee47da..f0a59fe65 100644
--- a/2006/meyer/Makefile
+++ b/2006/meyer/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/monge/Makefile b/2006/monge/Makefile
index 071c47427..5e89a3dbd 100644
--- a/2006/monge/Makefile
+++ b/2006/monge/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
+LDFLAGS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/night/Makefile b/2006/night/Makefile
index 49669fdec..aae8715cc 100644
--- a/2006/night/Makefile
+++ b/2006/night/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to run:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to run:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2006/sloane/Makefile b/2006/sloane/Makefile
index 14145bf44..d11a9f587 100644
--- a/2006/sloane/Makefile
+++ b/2006/sloane/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2006/stewart/Makefile b/2006/stewart/Makefile
index aed6cd768..a027c989d 100644
--- a/2006/stewart/Makefile
+++ b/2006/stewart/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/sykes1/Makefile b/2006/sykes1/Makefile
index e16f099f2..047ed71c1 100644
--- a/2006/sykes1/Makefile
+++ b/2006/sykes1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.html: ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f ${PROG}.html
diff --git a/2006/sykes2/Makefile b/2006/sykes2/Makefile
index 50ba6ed1b..7a8eba3f5 100644
--- a/2006/sykes2/Makefile
+++ b/2006/sykes2/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/toledo1/Makefile b/2006/toledo1/Makefile
index 4baac7690..204f17791 100644
--- a/2006/toledo1/Makefile
+++ b/2006/toledo1/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2006/toledo2/Makefile b/2006/toledo2/Makefile
index 632ac05ba..88448893c 100644
--- a/2006/toledo2/Makefile
+++ b/2006/toledo2/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 C: C.BASIC
 	${RM} -f C
diff --git a/2006/toledo3/Makefile b/2006/toledo3/Makefile
index bcd31dd04..d2a927bb2 100644
--- a/2006/toledo3/Makefile
+++ b/2006/toledo3/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,13 +134,13 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}-sbar: ${PROG}-sbar.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}-txt: ${PROG}-txt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/akari/Makefile b/2011/akari/Makefile
index 8cf83aa04..3b60e17d4 100644
--- a/2011/akari/Makefile
+++ b/2011/akari/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,25 +134,25 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}2.c: ${PROG}
 	./${PROG} ${PROG}.c $@
 
 ${PROG}2: ${PROG}2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}3.c: ${PROG} ${PROG}.c
 	./${PROG} < ${PROG}.c | ./${PROG} > $@
 
 ${PROG}3: ${PROG}3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}4.c: ${PROG} ${PROG}.c
 	./${PROG} < ${PROG}.c | ./${PROG} | ./${PROG} > $@
 
 ${PROG}4: ${PROG}4.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/blakely/Makefile b/2011/blakely/Makefile
index 6d5db0731..db1e50a03 100644
--- a/2011/blakely/Makefile
+++ b/2011/blakely/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/borsanyi/Makefile b/2011/borsanyi/Makefile
index 22a94d719..4ff178ea8 100644
--- a/2011/borsanyi/Makefile
+++ b/2011/borsanyi/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/dlowe/Makefile b/2011/dlowe/Makefile
index a50d92172..8bea5706f 100644
--- a/2011/dlowe/Makefile
+++ b/2011/dlowe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/eastman/Makefile b/2011/eastman/Makefile
index 0c1195af6..753e5255a 100644
--- a/2011/eastman/Makefile
+++ b/2011/eastman/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/fredriksson/Makefile b/2011/fredriksson/Makefile
index c262205b5..6e5cfb614 100644
--- a/2011/fredriksson/Makefile
+++ b/2011/fredriksson/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/goren/Makefile b/2011/goren/Makefile
index ba1480d20..73bd155de 100644
--- a/2011/goren/Makefile
+++ b/2011/goren/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/hamaji/Makefile b/2011/hamaji/Makefile
index c6aab4a26..a1955337b 100644
--- a/2011/hamaji/Makefile
+++ b/2011/hamaji/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/hou/Makefile b/2011/hou/Makefile
index c2f5e870e..e8736546d 100644
--- a/2011/hou/Makefile
+++ b/2011/hou/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/konno/Makefile b/2011/konno/Makefile
index fbd431643..67fbec030 100644
--- a/2011/konno/Makefile
+++ b/2011/konno/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/richards/Makefile b/2011/richards/Makefile
index 571108da7..8b838ba21 100644
--- a/2011/richards/Makefile
+++ b/2011/richards/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/toledo/Makefile b/2011/toledo/Makefile
index 035656147..d1926942c 100644
--- a/2011/toledo/Makefile
+++ b/2011/toledo/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/vik/Makefile b/2011/vik/Makefile
index 4fe7bbd4d..8956c9baf 100644
--- a/2011/vik/Makefile
+++ b/2011/vik/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2011/zucker/Makefile b/2011/zucker/Makefile
index 2312f4051..b77159232 100644
--- a/2011/zucker/Makefile
+++ b/2011/zucker/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/blakely/Makefile b/2012/blakely/Makefile
index f13dbf3cd..425a5858b 100644
--- a/2012/blakely/Makefile
+++ b/2012/blakely/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/deckmyn/Makefile b/2012/deckmyn/Makefile
index 3b4bcf2cf..e3f2e67b4 100644
--- a/2012/deckmyn/Makefile
+++ b/2012/deckmyn/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/dlowe/Makefile b/2012/dlowe/Makefile
index a289fc2f0..25da8df08 100644
--- a/2012/dlowe/Makefile
+++ b/2012/dlowe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/endoh1/Makefile b/2012/endoh1/Makefile
index ca4a9fd97..b26bfa87f 100644
--- a/2012/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2012/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_color: ${PROG}_color.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2012/endoh2/Makefile b/2012/endoh2/Makefile
index 636351c86..814eeae75 100644
--- a/2012/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2012/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -151,70 +151,70 @@ pi.c: ${PROG}
 	./$< > $@
 
 pi: pi.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 314.c: pi
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 314: 314.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 3141.c: 314
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 3141: 3141.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 31415.c: 3141
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 31415: 31415.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 314159.c: 31415
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 314159: 314159.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 3141592.c: 314159
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 3141592: 3141592.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 31415926.c: 3141592
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 31415926: 31415926.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 314159265.c: 31415926
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 314159265: 314159265.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 3141592653.c: 314159265
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 3141592653: 3141592653.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 31415926535.c: 3141592653
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 31415926535: 31415926535.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # you get the transcendental idea ... :-)
 
@@ -223,77 +223,77 @@ e.c: ${PROG}
 	./$< e > $@
 
 e: e.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 271.c: e
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 271: 271.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 2718.c: 271
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 2718: 2718.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 27182.c: 2718
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 27182: 27182.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 271828.c: 27182
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 271828: 271828.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 2718281.c: 271828
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 2718281: 2718281.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 27182818.c: 2718281
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 27182818: 27182818.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 271828182.c: 27182818
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 271828182: 271828182.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 2718281828.c: 271828182
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 2718281828: 2718281828.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 27182818284.c: 2718281828
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 27182818284: 27182818284.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 271828182845.c: 27182818284
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./$< > $@
 
 271828182845: 271828182845.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2012/grothe/Makefile b/2012/grothe/Makefile
index 9b602130a..0b3126bc8 100644
--- a/2012/grothe/Makefile
+++ b/2012/grothe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/hamano/Makefile b/2012/hamano/Makefile
index 0da02af86..bab06d3d6 100644
--- a/2012/hamano/Makefile
+++ b/2012/hamano/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/hou/Makefile b/2012/hou/Makefile
index 94d3bcc74..cc5c33897 100644
--- a/2012/hou/Makefile
+++ b/2012/hou/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/kang/Makefile b/2012/kang/Makefile
index 0453afa04..74db0541a 100644
--- a/2012/kang/Makefile
+++ b/2012/kang/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/konno/Makefile b/2012/konno/Makefile
index 9d4722876..8ded0e067 100644
--- a/2012/konno/Makefile
+++ b/2012/konno/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2012/omoikane/Makefile b/2012/omoikane/Makefile
index 4904b1e12..4b5cf0056 100644
--- a/2012/omoikane/Makefile
+++ b/2012/omoikane/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/tromp/Makefile b/2012/tromp/Makefile
index 778d4f56a..2caa6c1f9 100644
--- a/2012/tromp/Makefile
+++ b/2012/tromp/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
diff --git a/2012/vik/Makefile b/2012/vik/Makefile
index fe3b8bfba..b4b983cc4 100644
--- a/2012/vik/Makefile
+++ b/2012/vik/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lz
+LDFLAGS= -lz
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2012/zeitak/Makefile b/2012/zeitak/Makefile
index 905bf4647..1921febb5 100644
--- a/2012/zeitak/Makefile
+++ b/2012/zeitak/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2013/birken/Makefile b/2013/birken/Makefile
index d05baf43c..97d1669e2 100644
--- a/2013/birken/Makefile
+++ b/2013/birken/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 # alternative executable
 #
 alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
diff --git a/2013/cable1/Makefile b/2013/cable1/Makefile
index 4dc9d4eb3..41f3436b6 100644
--- a/2013/cable1/Makefile
+++ b/2013/cable1/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/cable2/Makefile b/2013/cable2/Makefile
index b15e2d89c..2d65fbc48 100644
--- a/2013/cable2/Makefile
+++ b/2013/cable2/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/cable3/Makefile b/2013/cable3/Makefile
index d4f730798..1d3298f25 100644
--- a/2013/cable3/Makefile
+++ b/2013/cable3/Makefile
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
+LDFLAGS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/dlowe/Makefile b/2013/dlowe/Makefile
index 96a28e8ab..c13780f0a 100644
--- a/2013/dlowe/Makefile
+++ b/2013/dlowe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/endoh1/Makefile b/2013/endoh1/Makefile
index 91ba9980e..004d4d32b 100644
--- a/2013/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2013/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,19 +131,19 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 hello: hello.lazy ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc hello.lazy -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc hello.lazy -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 echo: echo.lazy ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc echo.lazy -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc echo.lazy -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 tac: tac.lazy ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "This next step may take some time to complete:"
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc tac.lazy -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -xc tac.lazy -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/endoh2/Makefile b/2013/endoh2/Makefile
index da80cf4be..b2c8e1516 100644
--- a/2013/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2013/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 jpeg.c: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./${PROG} < ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 jpeg: jpeg.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 jpeg.jpg: jpeg
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/2013/endoh3/Makefile b/2013/endoh3/Makefile
index 0a7d73125..d34f6e137 100644
--- a/2013/endoh3/Makefile
+++ b/2013/endoh3/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/endoh4/Makefile b/2013/endoh4/Makefile
index 371e8f4b9..3a06af16d 100644
--- a/2013/endoh4/Makefile
+++ b/2013/endoh4/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/hou/Makefile b/2013/hou/Makefile
index 435e24c83..28f2dc742 100644
--- a/2013/hou/Makefile
+++ b/2013/hou/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/mills/Makefile b/2013/mills/Makefile
index 9b287ef08..7f4d90e23 100644
--- a/2013/mills/Makefile
+++ b/2013/mills/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/misaka/Makefile b/2013/misaka/Makefile
index b17f90426..4c9e55484 100644
--- a/2013/misaka/Makefile
+++ b/2013/misaka/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,66 +136,66 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 horizontal_cat: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}2.c: horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 vertical_cat: ${PROG}2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}2.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}2.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}3.c: vertical_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 long_cat: ${PROG}3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}3.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}3.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}4.c: vertical_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 loong_cat: ${PROG}4.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}4.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}4.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}5.c: vertical_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 loooong_cat: ${PROG}5.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}5.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}5.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}6.c: vertical_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 loooooooong_cat: ${PROG}6.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}6.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}6.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}7.c: vertical_cat horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c | ./horizontal_cat - - > $@
 
 long_fat_cat: ${PROG}7.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}7.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}7.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}8.c: vertical_cat horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c | ./horizontal_cat - - - > $@
 
 long_faat_cat: ${PROG}8.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}8.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}8.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}9.c: vertical_cat horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./horizontal_cat ${PROG}.c ${PROG}.c | ./vertical_cat ${PROG}.c - > $@
 
 same_as_long_cat: ${PROG}9.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}9.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}9.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # Information on the ${PROG} programs
 #
diff --git a/2013/morgan1/Makefile b/2013/morgan1/Makefile
index 328545d16..e6722a8bd 100644
--- a/2013/morgan1/Makefile
+++ b/2013/morgan1/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/morgan2/Makefile b/2013/morgan2/Makefile
index 687e8768d..a2975a2b1 100644
--- a/2013/morgan2/Makefile
+++ b/2013/morgan2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2013/robison/Makefile b/2013/robison/Makefile
index a2b14e489..28cab9c7a 100644
--- a/2013/robison/Makefile
+++ b/2013/robison/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/birken/Makefile b/2014/birken/Makefile
index 8134825e3..d02898d1b 100644
--- a/2014/birken/Makefile
+++ b/2014/birken/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/deak/Makefile b/2014/deak/Makefile
index fea411c41..5ed182515 100644
--- a/2014/deak/Makefile
+++ b/2014/deak/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/endoh1/Makefile b/2014/endoh1/Makefile
index 67e1f7431..c610801b8 100644
--- a/2014/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2014/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 main: main.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 main.c: prog
 	${RM} -f $@
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ treacle.c: ${PROG}
 	./${PROG} < ${PROG}.c > $@
 
 treacle: treacle.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2014/endoh2/Makefile b/2014/endoh2/Makefile
index 0fac9dee2..cca153d44 100644
--- a/2014/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2014/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/maffiodo1/Makefile b/2014/maffiodo1/Makefile
index 2d98c27db..3c7e8e402 100644
--- a/2014/maffiodo1/Makefile
+++ b/2014/maffiodo1/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
+LDFLAGS= `${SDL1_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/maffiodo2/Makefile b/2014/maffiodo2/Makefile
index 47b5f3adb..c6b8459c7 100644
--- a/2014/maffiodo2/Makefile
+++ b/2014/maffiodo2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/morgan/Makefile b/2014/morgan/Makefile
index 80b09f7ef..ae3b8eb59 100644
--- a/2014/morgan/Makefile
+++ b/2014/morgan/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/sinon/Makefile b/2014/sinon/Makefile
index 5877cfe77..078ba3e29 100644
--- a/2014/sinon/Makefile
+++ b/2014/sinon/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/skeggs/Makefile b/2014/skeggs/Makefile
index 920410a8e..17896373c 100644
--- a/2014/skeggs/Makefile
+++ b/2014/skeggs/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/vik/Makefile b/2014/vik/Makefile
index 825caf62a..50a886c0d 100644
--- a/2014/vik/Makefile
+++ b/2014/vik/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2014/wiedijk/Makefile b/2014/wiedijk/Makefile
index df82ceb55..8a6a39153 100644
--- a/2014/wiedijk/Makefile
+++ b/2014/wiedijk/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/burton/Makefile b/2015/burton/Makefile
index 0bffc6496..1e621d8a9 100644
--- a/2015/burton/Makefile
+++ b/2015/burton/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2015/dogon/Makefile b/2015/dogon/Makefile
index 0571afcf7..44cccbd7a 100644
--- a/2015/dogon/Makefile
+++ b/2015/dogon/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
+LDFLAGS= -lm -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/duble/Makefile b/2015/duble/Makefile
index 1e57117d3..7fd17dd89 100644
--- a/2015/duble/Makefile
+++ b/2015/duble/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2015/endoh1/Makefile b/2015/endoh1/Makefile
index f78697a0e..aaa4f2b00 100644
--- a/2015/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2015/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -149,49 +149,49 @@ gray-scott-1: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${GRAY_SCOTT_MODEL} -DDu=0.100 -DDv=0.050 -DF=0.035 -DK=0.060 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=1,0 -DUV_DROP=-0.5,0.5 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=255:128:192 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=255:128:192 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 gray-scott-2: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${GRAY_SCOTT_MODEL} -DDu=0.082 -DDv=0.041 -DF=0.035 -DK=0.063 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=1,0 -DUV_DROP=-0.5,0.5 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=128:255:192 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=128:255:192 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 gray-scott-3: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${GRAY_SCOTT_MODEL} -DDu=0.100 -DDv=0.050 -DF=0.030 -DK=0.060 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=1,0 -DUV_DROP=-0.5,0.5 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=255:128:192 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=255:128:192 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 gray-scott-4: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${GRAY_SCOTT_MODEL} -DDu=0.040 -DDv=0.020 -DF=0.012 -DK=0.050 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=1,0 -DUV_DROP=-0.5,0.5 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=192:192:255 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=1.0 -DSPEED=8 -DRGB=192:192:255 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 fitzhugh-nagumo-1: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${FITZHUGH_NAGUMO_MODEL} -DDu=1 -DDv=3 -DA0=-0.1 -DA1=2 -DE=0.06 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=0 -DUV_DROP=1,0 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=0.050 -DSPEED=80 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=0.050 -DSPEED=80 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 fitzhugh-nagumo-2: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${FITZHUGH_NAGUMO_MODEL} -DDu=1 -DDv=10 -DA0=0.0 -DA1=1 -DE=1 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=0 -DUV_DROP=1,1 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=0.005 -DSPEED=20 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=0.005 -DSPEED=20 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ginzburg-landau: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${GINZBURG_LANDAU_MODEL} -DDu=0.1 -DDv=0.1 -DA=0.0625 -DB=1 -DD=1.05 -DG=0.0625 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=-0.1 -DUV_DROP=0,1 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=0.60 -DSPEED=40 -DRGB=128:255:128 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=0.60 -DSPEED=40 -DRGB=128:255:128 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 oregonator: ${CSRC}
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ ${CSRC} \
 	    ${OREGONATOR_MODEL} -DDu=0.01 -DDv=0.01 -DE=0.1 -DF=1.4 -DQ=0.002 \
 	    -DUV_BACKGROUND=0 -DUV_DROP=0.05,0.2 \
-	    -DTIMESTEP=0.001 -DSPEED=80 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LIBS}
+	    -DTIMESTEP=0.001 -DSPEED=80 -DRGB=128:192:255 ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/endoh2/Makefile b/2015/endoh2/Makefile
index cb067a6c3..6e511d68d 100644
--- a/2015/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2015/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/endoh3/Makefile b/2015/endoh3/Makefile
index e101d80c9..adece3b25 100644
--- a/2015/endoh3/Makefile
+++ b/2015/endoh3/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS} ${BACK_TO}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} ${BACK_TO}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/endoh4/Makefile b/2015/endoh4/Makefile
index 5334bfc0a..a3417b145 100644
--- a/2015/endoh4/Makefile
+++ b/2015/endoh4/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2015/hou/Makefile b/2015/hou/Makefile
index abf259f6e..307e18e1d 100644
--- a/2015/hou/Makefile
+++ b/2015/hou/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: prebuild
 	if [ `./prebuild < prog.c | cut -c-7` == 'non-ISO' ]; then \
-		${CC} ${CFLAGS} -msse2 -mfpmath=sse ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}; \
+		${CC} ${CFLAGS} -msse2 -mfpmath=sse ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}; \
 	else \
 		cp $< $@; \
 	fi
 
 prebuild: ${CSRC}
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/howe/Makefile b/2015/howe/Makefile
index dfa1bbb92..90f1770b1 100644
--- a/2015/howe/Makefile
+++ b/2015/howe/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 test: makeholes prog-test.sh ${TARGET}
 	${SHELL} ./prog-test.sh
 
 makeholes: makeholes.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2015/mills1/Makefile b/2015/mills1/Makefile
index 1a9d5e0e6..9e554138e 100644
--- a/2015/mills1/Makefile
+++ b/2015/mills1/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ DG='"Tap to Flap!"'	# Instruction text.
 
 ifdef EMOJI
   # You may need to uncomment some of these, depending on your system
-  # LIBS= -lncursesw
+  # LDFLAGS= -lncursesw
   # CINCLUDE= -I/usr/local/include/ncursesw
 
   ifeq ($(EMOJI),beer)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/mills2/Makefile b/2015/mills2/Makefile
index 3aec471b2..f3864d13b 100644
--- a/2015/mills2/Makefile
+++ b/2015/mills2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/muth/Makefile b/2015/muth/Makefile
index 6c7d8bd4b..a845b13e8 100644
--- a/2015/muth/Makefile
+++ b/2015/muth/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET} ${MACHINE_SET} ${TAPE_SET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # test the entry
 #
diff --git a/2015/schweikhardt/Makefile b/2015/schweikhardt/Makefile
index 7f8ceac59..b60307bea 100644
--- a/2015/schweikhardt/Makefile
+++ b/2015/schweikhardt/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2015/yang/Makefile b/2015/yang/Makefile
index 89d93999a..7de8babc7 100644
--- a/2015/yang/Makefile
+++ b/2015/yang/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -138,26 +138,26 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_c90: ${CSRC}
-	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c90 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c90 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_c99: ${CSRC}
-	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c99 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c99 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_c11: ${CSRC}
-	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c11 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c11 ${CSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${CPLUSPLUSSRC}: ${CSRC}
 	${RM} -f $@
 	${CP} -f -p ${CSRC} $@
 
 ${PROG}_cpp98: ${CPLUSPLUSSRC}
-	${CPLUSPLUS} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c++98 ${CPLUSPLUSSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CPLUSPLUS} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c++98 ${CPLUSPLUSSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_cpp11: ${CPLUSPLUSSRC}
-	${CPLUSPLUS} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c++11 ${CPLUSPLUSSRC} -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CPLUSPLUS} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT} -std=c++11 ${CPLUSPLUSSRC} -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/algmyr/Makefile b/2018/algmyr/Makefile
index 1db58e843..8f20d1cf0 100644
--- a/2018/algmyr/Makefile
+++ b/2018/algmyr/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this program will crash if a file specified cannot be opened."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/anderson/Makefile b/2018/anderson/Makefile
index 051abc114..992c07139 100644
--- a/2018/anderson/Makefile
+++ b/2018/anderson/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2018/bellard/Makefile b/2018/bellard/Makefile
index f53321541..67722c45c 100644
--- a/2018/bellard/Makefile
+++ b/2018/bellard/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lcurses -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lcurses -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/burton1/Makefile b/2018/burton1/Makefile
index ddb48312a..0aef5af5a 100644
--- a/2018/burton1/Makefile
+++ b/2018/burton1/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2018/burton2/Makefile b/2018/burton2/Makefile
index 9d62e68f5..7eb13f388 100644
--- a/2018/burton2/Makefile
+++ b/2018/burton2/Makefile
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c keywords
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 tac: tac.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # alternative executable
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ keywords: ioccc.kw.freq mkkeywords
 	./mkkeywords $< > keywords
 
 fixed_iocccsize: fixed_iocccsize.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 test: prog tac runtest fixed_iocccsize ${EXTRA_DATA}
 	-./runtest | diff - results
diff --git a/2018/ciura/Makefile b/2018/ciura/Makefile
index 4bc90b374..a2e4f0dca 100644
--- a/2018/ciura/Makefile
+++ b/2018/ciura/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/endoh1/Makefile b/2018/endoh1/Makefile
index c0ff3461d..d94cdbbc2 100644
--- a/2018/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2018/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/endoh2/Makefile b/2018/endoh2/Makefile
index 60e85553a..a8b626e56 100644
--- a/2018/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2018/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,14 +128,14 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_next.c: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f $@
 	./${PROG} | tee $@
 
 ${PROG}_next: ${PROG}_next.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -149,19 +149,19 @@ data: ${DATA}
 
 python: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f ${PROG}_next.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o ${PROG} ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o ${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}
 	while :; do \
 	    ./${PROG} | tee ${PROG}_next.c; \
-	    ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}_next.c -o ./${PROG} ${LIBS}; \
+	    ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}_next.c -o ./${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}; \
 	    sleep 1; \
 	done
 
 python3: ${PROG}
 	${RM} -f ${PROG}_next.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o ${PROG} ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}.c -o ${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}
 	while :; do \
 	    ./${PROG} | tee ${PROG}_next.c; \
-	    ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}_next.c -o ./${PROG} ${LIBS}; \
+	    ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${PROG}_next.c -o ./${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}; \
 	done
 
 # both all and alt
diff --git a/2018/ferguson/Makefile b/2018/ferguson/Makefile
index 0a1d73574..e3d156787 100644
--- a/2018/ferguson/Makefile
+++ b/2018/ferguson/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 weasel: ${PROG}
 	${CP} -f $< $@
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 weasel.alt: ${PROG}.alt
 	${CP} -f $< $@
diff --git a/2018/giles/Makefile b/2018/giles/Makefile
index c727547a6..7a8bc5ed3 100644
--- a/2018/giles/Makefile
+++ b/2018/giles/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= `${SDL2_CONFIG} --libs`
+LDFLAGS= `${SDL2_CONFIG} --libs`
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/hou/Makefile b/2018/hou/Makefile
index 80209b3f2..043d4914b 100644
--- a/2018/hou/Makefile
+++ b/2018/hou/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/mills/Makefile b/2018/mills/Makefile
index 68ab5e06f..22b64e9ec 100644
--- a/2018/mills/Makefile
+++ b/2018/mills/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c rk05.bsd.fs
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DI='"rk05.bsd.fs"' -DA=4096 -DS=0173030 -DW=MAP_PRIVATE -DT= -DX=5 -DY=128 \
-	      -DV=270 -DP='"89!>@@89T=@@89\"89DQ@K89$$89Q1@H0@@@P@1@@"' ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	      -DV=270 -DP='"89!>@@89T=@@89\"89DQ@K89$$89Q1@H0@@@P@1@@"' ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 rk05.bsd.fs: empty.fs.bz2 builddisk.bsd bsd.img.bz2
 	${RM} -f $@
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ v0: ${PROG}.c Makefile v0.image.fs
 
 v6: empty.fs.bz2 builddisk.v6 v6.img.bz2 rk05.v6.fs
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DI='"rk05.v6.fs"' -DA=4096 -DS=0173030 -DW=MAP_PRIVATE -DT= -DX=5 -DY=128 \
-	      -DV=270 -DP='"89!>@@89T=@@89\"89DQ@K89$$89Q1@H0@@@P@1@@"' ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	      -DV=270 -DP='"89!>@@89T=@@89\"89DQ@K89$$89Q1@H0@@@P@1@@"' ${PROG}.c -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 v6.img.bz2: v6.tape.gz
 	@echo "This IOCCC25 Makefile preserves the state of v6.tape.gz at the time it won."
diff --git a/2018/poikola/Makefile b/2018/poikola/Makefile
index 7948427d9..70f7d924f 100644
--- a/2018/poikola/Makefile
+++ b/2018/poikola/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/vokes/Makefile b/2018/vokes/Makefile
index 64ac05830..ab3919d0f 100644
--- a/2018/vokes/Makefile
+++ b/2018/vokes/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2018/yang/Makefile b/2018/yang/Makefile
index 2ade1ef36..714af59c9 100644
--- a/2018/yang/Makefile
+++ b/2018/yang/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,22 +129,22 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 left: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 right: generated1.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 shift: generated2.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 msg0: generated3.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 msg1: generated4.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 msg2: generated5.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 generated1.c: ${PROG}.c left
 	@${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/2019/adamovsky/Makefile b/2019/adamovsky/Makefile
index bf20cc594..e537f0007 100644
--- a/2019/adamovsky/Makefile
+++ b/2019/adamovsky/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 iocccsize_2018: iocccsize_2018.c
 	${CC} -pedantic -Wall -Wextra -std=c11 iocccsize_2018.c -o $@
diff --git a/2019/burton/Makefile b/2019/burton/Makefile
index 046b31fd8..de1c9c5a2 100644
--- a/2019/burton/Makefile
+++ b/2019/burton/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.clean: ${PROG}.clean.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 remarks: README.md
 	${RM} -f $@
diff --git a/2019/ciura/Makefile b/2019/ciura/Makefile
index 086e25570..c5156fa01 100644
--- a/2019/ciura/Makefile
+++ b/2019/ciura/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2019/diels-grabsch1/Makefile b/2019/diels-grabsch1/Makefile
index bc0486e5a..0441cef35 100644
--- a/2019/diels-grabsch1/Makefile
+++ b/2019/diels-grabsch1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/diels-grabsch2/Makefile b/2019/diels-grabsch2/Makefile
index 247a1e938..8560ed897 100644
--- a/2019/diels-grabsch2/Makefile
+++ b/2019/diels-grabsch2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/dogon/Makefile b/2019/dogon/Makefile
index 72a830357..1bacba101 100644
--- a/2019/dogon/Makefile
+++ b/2019/dogon/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
+LDFLAGS= -L ${X11_LIBDIR} -lX11 -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 apholife: apholife.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/duble/Makefile b/2019/duble/Makefile
index 7989b132d..51db40a2e 100644
--- a/2019/duble/Makefile
+++ b/2019/duble/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Darwin: ${PROG}.c
 			-Ds=46 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG} ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG} $@
 
 FreeBSD: ${PROG}.c
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ FreeBSD: ${PROG}.c
 			-Ds=46 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG} ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG} $@
 
 Linux: ${PROG}.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Linux: ${PROG}.c
 			-Ds=0 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG} ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG} ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG} $@
 
 # alternative executable
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Darwin.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 			-Ds=46 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG}.alt $@
 
 FreeBSD.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ FreeBSD.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 			-Ds=46 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG}.alt $@
 
 Linux.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Linux.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
 			-Ds=0 \
 			-DV=${LINES} \
 			-DW=${COLUMNS} \
-			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LIBS}
+			$< -o ${PROG}.alt ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} ${PROG}.alt $@
 
 # data files
diff --git a/2019/endoh/Makefile b/2019/endoh/Makefile
index 1759b9169..620f328e4 100644
--- a/2019/endoh/Makefile
+++ b/2019/endoh/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -g $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -g $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/giles/Makefile b/2019/giles/Makefile
index caa95df27..876004560 100644
--- a/2019/giles/Makefile
+++ b/2019/giles/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/karns/Makefile b/2019/karns/Makefile
index f8e14f758..2f1aa8400 100644
--- a/2019/karns/Makefile
+++ b/2019/karns/Makefile
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 	${LN} -sf ${PROG} tbfs
 
 test: prog
diff --git a/2019/lynn/Makefile b/2019/lynn/Makefile
index e354b3d4e..b8e9a2878 100644
--- a/2019/lynn/Makefile
+++ b/2019/lynn/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/mills/Makefile b/2019/mills/Makefile
index 7bbbbf08e..271250149 100644
--- a/2019/mills/Makefile
+++ b/2019/mills/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lm
+LDFLAGS= -lm
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${TARGET}: ${PROG}.c Makefile ${INPUTS}
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ $< $($@) ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -o $@ $< $($@) ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/poikola/Makefile b/2019/poikola/Makefile
index 400d17110..629368e7c 100644
--- a/2019/poikola/Makefile
+++ b/2019/poikola/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2019/yang/Makefile b/2019/yang/Makefile
index 02628b59c..ff975d28d 100644
--- a/2019/yang/Makefile
+++ b/2019/yang/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/burton/Makefile b/2020/burton/Makefile
index f1f55007e..51d3965a3 100644
--- a/2020/burton/Makefile
+++ b/2020/burton/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 	@echo "NOTE: this entry will crash on no arg specified."
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${B} -DI=${I} -DT=${T} -DS=${S} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${B} -DI=${I} -DT=${T} -DS=${S} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_le: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${B} -DI=${I} -DT=${T} -DS=${S} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${B} -DI=${I} -DT=${T} -DS=${S} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}_be: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${_B} -DI=${_I} -DT=${_T} -DS=${_S} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -DB=${_B} -DI=${_I} -DT=${_T} -DS=${_S} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 test: check_le.sh check_be.sh prog_le prog_be correct
 	./check_le.sh ./prog_le | ${DIFF} -bw - correct
diff --git a/2020/carlini/Makefile b/2020/carlini/Makefile
index 0f3780a38..b54699b9e 100644
--- a/2020/carlini/Makefile
+++ b/2020/carlini/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/endoh1/Makefile b/2020/endoh1/Makefile
index 59d0ee610..ffad7e022 100644
--- a/2020/endoh1/Makefile
+++ b/2020/endoh1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2020/endoh2/Makefile b/2020/endoh2/Makefile
index 26d14f08e..b6852ed41 100644
--- a/2020/endoh2/Makefile
+++ b/2020/endoh2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/endoh3/Makefile b/2020/endoh3/Makefile
index b9c7d8cd9..cd8b8f927 100644
--- a/2020/endoh3/Makefile
+++ b/2020/endoh3/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 clock: clock.c
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2020/ferguson1/Makefile b/2020/ferguson1/Makefile
index ceb324c2f..bab20ce82 100644
--- a/2020/ferguson1/Makefile
+++ b/2020/ferguson1/Makefile
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -lncurses
+LDFLAGS= -lncurses
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # termcaps - test utility for terminal capabilities, size etc.
 termcaps: termcaps.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 
 # play - allows configuring colours and playing pre-configured gameplay modes
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2020/ferguson2/Makefile b/2020/ferguson2/Makefile
index fdb7eb9c3..dcbd43a57 100644
--- a/2020/ferguson2/Makefile
+++ b/2020/ferguson2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 recode: recode.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/giles/Makefile b/2020/giles/Makefile
index 91631d354..99a6dd343 100644
--- a/2020/giles/Makefile
+++ b/2020/giles/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/kurdyukov1/Makefile b/2020/kurdyukov1/Makefile
index d6a4cc423..cdca947ee 100644
--- a/2020/kurdyukov1/Makefile
+++ b/2020/kurdyukov1/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} --include stdint.h --include stdio.h $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} --include stdint.h --include stdio.h $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2020/kurdyukov2/Makefile b/2020/kurdyukov2/Makefile
index 3d4d97d52..5c7b7a19b 100644
--- a/2020/kurdyukov2/Makefile
+++ b/2020/kurdyukov2/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS= -L ${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/lib -L /usr/local/lib -L /opt/local/lib
+LDFLAGS= -L ${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/lib -L /usr/local/lib -L /opt/local/lib
 LIBJPEG= -ljpeg
 LIBPNG= -lpng
 
@@ -130,13 +130,13 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS} ${LIBJPEG}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} ${LIBJPEG}
 
 prog_png: prog.png.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS} ${LIBPNG}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS} ${LIBPNG}
 
 prog_ppm: prog.ppm.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 makegif: makegif.sh
 	${CHMOD} +x $?
diff --git a/2020/kurdyukov3/Makefile b/2020/kurdyukov3/Makefile
index 4b3dc3713..6b03dd507 100644
--- a/2020/kurdyukov3/Makefile
+++ b/2020/kurdyukov3/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@ alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
 ${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 ${PROG}.extra: ${PROG}.extra.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # data files
 #
diff --git a/2020/kurdyukov4/Makefile b/2020/kurdyukov4/Makefile
index bfaa0b335..3cb0e2f22 100644
--- a/2020/kurdyukov4/Makefile
+++ b/2020/kurdyukov4/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 rand: rand.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-implicit-int $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -Wno-implicit-int $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/otterness/Makefile b/2020/otterness/Makefile
index 7101a11ad..08029a31e 100644
--- a/2020/otterness/Makefile
+++ b/2020/otterness/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/tsoj/Makefile b/2020/tsoj/Makefile
index 7507f62cb..fabfdf1a5 100644
--- a/2020/tsoj/Makefile
+++ b/2020/tsoj/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #
diff --git a/2020/yang/Makefile b/2020/yang/Makefile
index 48734d3ef..37c1b6ae8 100644
--- a/2020/yang/Makefile
+++ b/2020/yang/Makefile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CFLAGS= ${CSTD} ${CWARN} ${ARCH} ${CDEFINE} ${CINCLUDE} ${OPT}
 
 # Libraries needed to build
 #
-LIBS=
+LDFLAGS=
 
 # C compiler to use
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
 
 # alternative executable
 #