Merge pull request #1107 from xexyl/1988-phillipps-fix-update

Improve my fix to 1988/phillipps

1984/decot/decot.c

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int dup, signal;
 	goto _0;
 
 _O: while (!(k['a'] <<= - dup)) {	/*/*\*/
-	static struct tag u = {4};
+	union tag u x{4};
   }
 }
 

1986/wall/Makefile

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ ifeq ($(CC),gcc)
 #
 #CWARN+=
 #
+CFLAGS+= -traditional-cpp
 endif
 
 
@@ -136,9 +137,12 @@ ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
 
 # alternative executable
 #
-alt: data ${ALT_TARGET}
+alt: ${ALT_TARGET}
 	@${TRUE}
 
+${PROG}.alt: ${PROG}.alt.c
+	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LDFLAGS}
+
 # data files
 #
 data: ${DATA}

1986/wall/README.md

@@ -26,10 +26,15 @@ might enjoy looking at the original source in [wall.alt.c](wall.alt.c).
 # if you have an old enough compiler:
 make alt
 
-# or with gcc:
+# or if you have gcc:
+make CC=gcc alt
+
+# or if you have a compiler that supports -traditional-cpp that's not gcc:
 make CFLAGS+="-traditional-cpp" alt
 ```
 
+NOTE: gcc in macOS is actually clang even the binary `/usr/bin/gcc`.
+
 Use `./wall.alt` as you would `./wall`.
 
 ## Judges' remarks:

1987/hines/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # Worst Style
 
-Spencer Hines  
+Spencer Hines<br>
-OnLine Computer Systems  
-4200 Farragut Street  
-Hyattsville, MD  
-20781  
 US  
 
 ## To build:
@@ -27,8 +23,8 @@ make all
 
 ### Alternate code:
 
-An alternate version of this entry is in [hines.alt.c](hines.alt.c). With older compilers you
+An alternate version of this entry is in [hines.alt.c](hines.alt.c). With older
-can try the alt version:
+compilers you can try the alt version:
 
 ```sh
 make alt
@@ -39,11 +35,12 @@ Use `hines.alt` as you would `hines` above.
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 This program was designed to maximize the bother function for
-structured programmers.  This program takes goto statements to their
+structured programmers.  This program takes `goto` statements to their
 logical conclusion.  The layout and choice of names are classic.
 
 We consider this to be a beautiful counter-example for Frank Rubin's
-letter to ACM form titled: _"'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful"_.
+letter to ACM form titled: _["'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered
+Harmful"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090320002214/http://www.ecn.purdue.edu/ParaMount/papers/rubin87goto.pdf)_.
 See the Communications of the ACM, March 1987, Page 195-196.
 
 

1987/korn/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # Best One Liner
 
 David Korn   
-AT&T Bell Labs  
-MH 3C-526B, AT&T Bell Labs   
-Murray Hill, NJ   
-07974   
 US   
 
 ## To build:
@@ -13,15 +9,21 @@ US
 make all
 ```
 
+## To use:
+
+```sh
+./korn
+```
+
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 The Judges believe that this is the best one line entry ever received.
-Compile on a `UNIX` system, or at least using a C implementation that
+Compile on a UNIX system, or at least one using a C implementation that
 fakes it.  Very few people are able to determine what this program
 does by visual inspection.  I suggest that you stop reading this
 section right now and see if you are one of the few people who can.
 
-Several points are important to understand in this program:
+Several points are important to understand this program:
 
 1. What is the symbol `unix` and what is its value in the program?  Clearly
 `unix` is not a function, and since `unix` is not declared to be a data type
@@ -34,10 +36,9 @@ characters, or `'h'`, or a string)  Consider the fact that:
 	    char *x;  
 
 
-  defines a pointer to a character (i.e. an address), and that the `=` assigns
+  defines a pointer to a `char` (i.e. an address), and that the `=` assigns
   things of compatible types.  Since:
 
-
         x = "have";
 
   is legal C, what type of value is `"have"`?
@@ -53,8 +54,12 @@ characters, or `'h'`, or a string)  Consider the fact that:
 
     ?
 
-David Korn's `/bin/ksh` provides us with a greatly improved version of
+[David
-the /bin/sh.  The source for v7's /bin/sh greatly inspired this contest.
+Korn](https://news.slashdot.org/story/01/02/06/2030205/david-korn-tells-all)'s
+[/bin/ksh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KornShell) provides us with a greatly
+improved version of the [/bin/sh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne_shell).
+The source for [v7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_7_Unix)'s /bin/sh
+greatly inspired this contest.
 
 ## Author's remarks:
 

1987/lievaart/README.md

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ Netherlands
 make all
 ```
 
-NOTE: The original entry may be built with "make alt" if you have an old enough
+There is [Alternate code](#alternate-code) available for if you have an old
-compiler.
+enough compiler.
 
 ## To run:
 
@@ -19,12 +19,6 @@ compiler.
 # enter a level and start playing as described below
 ```
 
-### INABIAF - it's not a bug it's a feature! :-)
-
-If you enter invalid input the program will enter an infinite loop displaying a
-string like `"You:"` repeatedly (for instance if you input `.`). If you enter an
-incorrect value it will prompt you again until you input a proper value.
-
 ## Try:
 
 To see what it would have looked like without the size restrictions:
@@ -34,30 +28,46 @@ To see what it would have looked like without the size restrictions:
 # enter a level and start playing as described below
 ```
 
+## Alternate code:
+
+If you have an old enough compiler you might wish to try using it. To use:
+
+```sh
+make alt
+```
+
+Use `./lievaart.alt` as you would `./lievaart` above.
+
+### INABIAF - it's not a bug it's a feature! :-)
+
+If you enter invalid input the program will enter an infinite loop displaying a
+string like `"You:"` repeatedly (for instance if you input `.`). If you enter an
+incorrect value it will prompt you again until you input a proper value.
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 We believe that you too will be amazed at just how much power Mr. Lievaart
 packed into 1024 bytes!
 
-This Plays the game of Reversi (Othello)!  Compile and run.  It then
+This Plays the game of [Reversi
+(Othello)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversi)!  Compile and run.  It then
 asks for a playing level. Enter 0-10 (easy-hard).  It then asks for
-your move. A move is a number within 11-88, or a 99 to pass.  Illegal
+your move. A move is a number within 11-88, or 99 to pass.  Illegal
 moves (except for an illegal pass) are rejected.  Then the computer
 does its move (or a 0 to pass), until the board is full.
 
-It plays rather well, for such a small program!  Lievaart had to leave out the
+It plays rather well, for such a small program! Lievaart had to leave out the
 board printing routine, so you'll have to take a real game board to play it (or
 see below). ...  Also due to space-limitations (the rules for 1987 had a limit
 of 1024 byes), Lievaart took out the passing-handler, which makes its
-ending-game rather poor.  But further it knows all the rules, uses alpha-beta
+ending-game rather poor.  But further it knows all the rules, uses [alpha-beta
-pruning, and it plays f.i. on mobility(!).  Most important: it can play a pretty
+pruning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-beta_pruning), and it plays for
-good game of Reversi!
+instance on mobility(!).  Most important: it can play a pretty good game of Reversi!
 
 The Author was kind enough to supply the fully functional version of the
-program.  The file lievaart2.c contains what the program would have
+program.  The file [lievaart2.c](lievaart2.c) contains what the program would
-been without the size restriction.  This version has the full end game 
+have been without the size restriction.  This version has the full end game
-logic and displays the board after each move!
+logic and displays the board after each move! See above for how to use this.
 
 
 ## Author's remarks:

1987/lievaart/lievaart.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#define D define
 #define Y return
 #define R for
 #define e while

1987/lievaart/lievaart2.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#define D define
 #define Y return
 #define R for
 #define e while

1987/wall/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Most Useful Obfuscation
 
-Larry Wall  
+Larry Wall<br>
 US
 
 ## To build:
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ quit # for the cat version
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 
-What we found amazing was how the flow of control was transferred
+What we found amazing was how the flow of control was transferred between
-between subroutines.  Careful inspection will show that the array of
+subroutines.  Careful inspection will show that the array of pointers to
-pointers to functions named `vi` refers to functions which seem to not
+functions named `vi` refers to functions which seem to not be directly called.
-be directly called.  Even so, these pointers to functions are being
+Even so, these pointers to functions are being used as an argument to
-used as an argument to `signal()` (used both with and without an arg - but
+`signal(3)` (used both with and without an arg - but how?).  Can you determine
-how?).  Can you determine why this is being done and how it is being exploited?
+why this is being done and how it is being exploited?
 
 Some compilers complained about this file, so we changed: `=++I` to `= ++I`.
 

1987/westley/Makefile

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ include ../../var.mk
 # Common C compiler warnings to silence
 #
 CSILENCE= -Wno-for-loop-analysis -Wno-unused-value \
-	-Wno-deprecated-non-prototype -Wno-strict-prototypes
+	-Wno-deprecated-non-prototype -Wno-strict-prototypes -Wno-implicit-int
 
 # Common C compiler warning flags
 #
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ CDEFINE=
 
 # Include files that are needed to compile
 #
-CINCLUDE=
+CINCLUDE= -include stdio.h
 
 # Optimization
 #

1987/westley/README.md

@@ -30,14 +30,12 @@ Use `westley.alt` as you would `westley` above.
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
-Putchar must exist in the C library and not just as a macro.
+`putchar()` must exist in the C library and not just as a macro.
-If it fails to compile, add the line:  `#include <stdio.h>`  at the
+If it fails to compile, bug your OS/compiler vendor.
-top of the program.
 
 Line by line symmetry performed better than any C beautifier.  Think
 of if it as a C ink blot.  :-)
 
-
 ## Author's remarks:
 
 No remarks were provided by the author.

1987/westley/westley.c

@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 		           ,LACEDx0 = 0xDECAL,
 				rof ; for
 			     (;(int) (tni);)
-			    /* (int)*/(tni)
+			          (tni)
 			  = reviled ; deliver =
 				redivider
 				    ;
-for ((int)(tni)++,++reviled;reviled* *deliver;deliver++,++/*(int)*/(tni)) rof
+     for ((tni)++,++reviled;reviled**deliver;deliver++,++(tni)) rof
 			            =
 			     (int) -1- (tni)
 		          ;reviled--;--deliver;

1988/applin/Makefile

@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 #
 # This entry took 75 minutes to compile on a Amdahl 5980-300E
 # (a 55658 Dhyrstone/sec/cpu machine) using the System V cpp.
-# (The GNU cpp when defined as BIG_CPP took only 45 seconds)
+# (The GNU cpp when defined as BIG_CPP took only 45 seconds.)
 # Your cpp may not be able to compile it due to a common bug
-# that results in ${CPP} running out of space.  The routine
+# that results in cpp running out of space.  The routine
 # 'zsmall' is a smaller version of the applin.c entry.
 #
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c

1988/applin/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Best of show
 
-Jack Applin  
+Jack Applin<br>
-US  
+US<br>
 <https://www.cs.colostate.edu/~applin/>
 
 ## To build:
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ US
 make all
 ```
 
-A smaller version, originally called `zsmall.c`, of [applin.c](applin.c) can be
+A smaller version, originally called `zsmall.c` (and still exists as such, as
-found in [applin.alt.c](applin.alt.c).  Your machine may have an easier time
+the source of the alt code), of [applin.c](applin.c), can be found in
-with this program.  See the Alternate code section below for details.
+[applin.alt.c](applin.alt.c).  Your machine may have an easier time with this
+program.  See the [Alternate code](#alternate-code) section below for details.
 
 ## Try:
 
@@ -22,8 +23,10 @@ with this program.  See the Alternate code section below for details.
 
 ### Alternate code:
 
-As noted above a smaller version can be used in case your cpp has a hard time
+As noted above a smaller version can be used in case your `cpp` has a hard time
-with this entry. To use:
+with this entry.
+
+#### To build:
 
 ```sh
 make alt
@@ -31,22 +34,34 @@ make alt
 
 Use `applin.alt` as you would `applin` above.
 
+#### History about the smaller version:
+
+Way back in 1988 ..
+
+This entry took 75 minutes to compile on a Amdahl 5980-300E (a 55658
+Dhyrstone/sec/cpu machine) using the System V `cpp`.  (The GNU `cpp` when defined as
+`BIG_CPP` took only 45 seconds.)
+
+Your `cpp` may not be able to compile it due to a common bug that results in
+`cpp` running out of space.  The routine [zsmall](zsmall.c) is a smaller version
+of the [applin.c](applin.c) entry.
+
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 This entry is by far the most unusual abuse of the C preprocessor that
 we have received thus far.  Nearly all of the real work is done in the
-preprocessor!
+C preprocessor!
 
 When we compiled [applin.c](applin.c) on an
 [Amdahl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation) 5890-300E, we found that it
 spent over 75 minutes in the System V C preprocessor!  Besides showing that the
-standard System V cpp is slow, it showed that it contained a memory usage
+standard System V `cpp` is slow, it showed that it contained a memory usage
 problem.  The [applin.c](applin.c) only uses 29 different preprocessor symbols
 (besides `stdio.h`) and yet the preprocessor ran out of space!
 
-The GNU C preprocessor took less than 45 seconds to perform the 2nd pass 
+The GNU C preprocessor took under 45 seconds to perform the 2nd pass
-on the Amdahl 5890-300E.  But due to the ANSI-likeness of GNU cpp (v. 1-21), 
+on the Amdahl 5890-300E.  But due to the ANSI-likeness of GNU `cpp` (v. 1-21),
 it was not able to cleanly substitute a symbol that began with a '#'.
 Clearly the GNU C preprocessor is faster.
 

1988/dale/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Best abuse of system calls
 
-Paul Dale  
+Paul Dale<br>
 Australia  
 
 ## To build:
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ If you have an old enough compiler you can try the original version in
 make clobber alt
 ```
 
-Use `dale.alt` as you would `dale` above.
+Use `dale.alt` as you would `dale` above. To understand the differences in more
+detail, see [thanks-for-fixes.md](/thanks-for-fixes.md).
 
 
 ## Judges' remarks

1988/isaak/README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 # Best visuals
 
-Mark Isaak  
+Mark Isaak<br>
-Imagen Corporation  
+US
-2650 San Tomas Expy.  
-Santa Clara, CA   
-95052-8101  
-US  
 
 ## To build:
 
@@ -13,6 +9,10 @@ US
 make all
 ```
 
+There is an alternate version, the original, that can't be compiled in modern
+systems but can be if you have an old enough compiler. See [Alternate
+code](#alternate-code) below.
+
 ## To run:
 
 ```sh
@@ -29,28 +29,41 @@ The original entry starts with the line:
 ```
 
 This works on some systems.  Why?  Note that `#include <stdio.h>` is given on
-the last line.  Why is this needed?  Note the unusual calls to sprintf.
+the last line.  Why is this needed?  Note the unusual calls to `sprintf(3)`.
 
 This version also relied on being able to define `#define` to something else and
-using that macro for `#define`. This version will not likely work on modern
+using that macro for `#define`.
-systems if you can even get it to compile.
 
+This version will not likely work on modern systems if you can even get it to
+compile.
+
+#### To build:
+
+```sh
+make alt
+```
+
+Use `isaak.alt` as you would `isaak` above.
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
-NOTE:  The program relies heavily on ASCII.  Don't even think of running it on
+The program relies heavily on ASCII.  Don't even think of running it on
-an EBCDIC machine.  If you named the file anything other than [isaak.c](isaak.c),
+an EBCDIC machine.
-you had to change the `#include` on line 6. This limitation has been fixed by
+
-using the `__FILE__` macro.
+### Historical notes about the original entry:
+
+NOTE: If you named the file anything other than [isaak.c](isaak.c), you had to
+change the `#include` on line 6. This limitation has been fixed by using the
+`__FILE__` macro.
 
 NOTE: The use of null comments to separate macros to construct different tokens
 from a single macro (e.g., `"O/**/O"` creates either `++` or `--` by defining
 `O` to be `+` or `-`) may cause some strict ANSI C preprocessors to object.
 
 NOTE: Most System V machines were not be able to execute this program correctly
-due to the fact that BSD style systems have an sprintf() that returns a `char *`.
+due to the fact that BSD style systems have an `sprintf(3)` that returns a `char
-Due to the above problems, we placed the output of this program in the file:
+*`.  Due to the above problems, we placed the output of this program in the
-isaak.encode.  To read this file do:
+file: isaak.encode.  To read this file do.
 
 ```sh
 uudecode < isaak.encode
@@ -58,7 +71,7 @@ cat isaak.output
 ```
 
 Since this was fixed, this file is not strictly necessary. See the
-[isaak.orig.c](isaak.orig.c) for the original source.
+[isaak.alt.c](isaak.alt.c) for the original source.
 
 FYI: We are likely to be more strict about portability in the future.
 

1988/litmaath/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Best small program
 
-Maarten Litmaath  
+Maarten Litmaath<br>
 The Netherlands  
 
 ## To build:
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ make
 ./litmaath some text
 ```
 
-There is an alternate version provided. See the Alternate code section below.
+There is an alternate version provided. See the [Alternate
+code](#alternate-code) section below.
 
 ## Try:
 
@@ -25,9 +26,13 @@ There is an alternate version provided. See the Alternate code section below.
 
 ### Alternate code:
 
-[Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) added the
+
-[litmaath.alt.c](litmaath.alt.c) which we described in our remarks below. To
+This alternate code, added to help understand the entry and for fun, is code
-use:
+that we suggested at the time of the entry publication but which we never put in
+a file.
+
+#### To build:
+
 
 ```sh
 make alt
@@ -35,7 +40,11 @@ make alt
 
 Use `litmaath.alt` as you would `litmaath` above.
 
-Thank you Cody!
+#### Try:
+
+```sh
+./litmaath.alt six was afraid of seven because seven eight nine
+```
 
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
@@ -50,10 +59,12 @@ while (<condition>)
 
 Did you notice that the body is empty?
 
+Furthermore, it's interesting to note that only two variables are
+used to achieve everything.
 
 The best one can do to understand how the program works is to give it
 two small strings as arguments, and follow the program closely.  One
-could make the body of the 'while' loop an 'fprintf' with interesting
+could make the body of the `while` loop an `fprintf` with interesting
 variables like:
 
 
@@ -64,15 +75,13 @@ fprintf(stderr,
      (long) argv[1], argv[1] && *argv[1] ? *argv[1] : '@', argc);
 ```
 
+... which is what the [alternate code](#alternate-code) is.
 
-Furthermore, it's interesting to note that only two variables are
-used to achieve everything.
 
 ## Author's remarks:
 
 No remarks were provided by the author.
 
-
 ## Copyright and CC BY-SA 4.0 License:
 
 This file is Copyright (c) 2023 by Landon Curt Noll.  All Rights Reserved.

1988/phillipps/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 # Least likely to compile successfully
 
-Ian Phillipps  
+Ian Phillipps<br>
-Cambridge Consultants Ltd  
+UK
-Science Park  
-Milton Road  
-Cambridge CB4 4DW  
-England  
-
 
 ## To build:
 

1988/phillipps/phillipps.c

@@ -51,4 +51,13 @@ pain(0,
 pain(-61,*a, "!ek;dc i@bK'(q)-[w]*%n+r3#l,{}:\nuwloca-O;m .vpbks,fxntdCeghiry")
 
 ,a+1);}
-main(int t,char **_,char **a){return pain(t,(int)_,(char *)a);}
+main(t,_,a )
+char
+**
+_,
+**
+a;
+{
+				return!
+pain(t,(int)_,
+(char *)a);}

1988/reddy/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 # Most useful Obfuscated C program
 
-Amperif Corporation  
+Gopi Reddy<br>
-9232 Eton Avenue  
+US
-Chatsworth, CA  
-91311  
-U.S.A.  
 
 
 ## To build:
@@ -19,8 +16,16 @@ make all
 ```sh
 ./reddy
 char *(*(fun[16])();
+char *(*(*(*(*(*fun[32])))))();
 ```
 
+What happens if you input:
+
+```
+char *(*(*(*(*(*fun[32])))))());
+```
+
+? What can you do about it?
 
 ## Judges' remarks:
 

1988/robison/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 # Best abuse of C constructs
 
-Arch D. Robison  
+Arch D. Robison<br>
-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign  
-1304 W. Springfield Ave.  
-Urbana IL   
-61801  
 US  
 
 ## To build:
@@ -46,9 +42,9 @@ not take a while to execute?
 ## Author's remarks:
 
 This program shows that C has many unnecessary constructs, in fact
-only "while","--", and ">=" are required.  (The two assignments at
+only `while`,`--`, and `>=` are required.  (The two assignments at
-the beginning could be avoided if "atoi" was rewritten with this
+the beginning could be avoided if `atoi(3)` was rewritten with this
-new paradigm.)  Note that the lack of both the controversial "goto"
+new paradigm.)  Note that the lack of both the controversial `goto`
 and assignment statements makes the meaning crystal clear.  The current 
 ANSI committee should look into this practical simplification of C.
 

1988/spinellis/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Best abuse of the rules
 
-Diomidis Spinellis  
+Diomidis Spinellis<br>
-Greece  
+GR<br>
-<https://www.spinellis.gr/>  
+<https://www.spinellis.gr/><br>
 Mastodon: <https://mstdn.social/@DSpinellis>
 
 ## To build:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ be compiled from within a Makefile without the need of human intervention.
 ## Author's remarks:
 
 This program can be configured to do almost everything.  The configuration is
-done during compile time by typing in, C code, that one would like the program
+done during compile time by typing in C code that one would like the program
 to perform.  A trivial example is given in the `how to compile' section but the
 possibilities are clearly limited only by your imagination and programming
 skills.

1988/westley/README.md

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ US
 make all
 ```
 
-NOTE: this version is a fixed version for modern C compilers. See the Alternate
+NOTE: this version is a fixed version for modern C compilers. See the [Alternate
-code section below for how to use the original.
+code](#alternate-code) section below for how to use the original.
 
 
 ## Try:
@@ -20,6 +20,14 @@ code section below for how to use the original.
 ./westley
 ```
 
+Also try:
+
+```sh
+./demo.sh
+```
+
+to show the code with followed by the result so you can truly see the magic.
+
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 Your compiler must parse

1988/westley/demo.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+clear
+echo "$ cat westley.c"
+cat westley.c
+
+sleep 1
+
+echo "$ cc westley.c -o westley"
+cc -std=gnu89 -Wno-error -Wno-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-return-type    -O3 westley.c -o westley || exit 1
+
+echo "$ ./westley"
+./westley
+
+echo

thanks-for-fixes.md

@@ -11,28 +11,28 @@ contributed thousands, that we wish to thank.
 
 We call out the extensive contributions of [Cody Boone
 Ferguson](https://www.ioccc.org/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) who is
-responsible for many of the improvements including many, many **very complicated
+responsible for many of the improvements including many **very complicated bug
-bug fixes** such as [2001/anonymous](2001/anonymous/README.md) and
+fixes** like [1988/phillipps](1988/phillipps/README.md),
-[2004/burley](2004/burley/README.md), making entries not require
+[2001/anonymous](2001/anonymous/README.md) and
-`-traditional-cpp` (which are **very complicated fixes**), fixing entries to
+[2004/burley](2004/burley/README.md), making entries like
-compile with clang, fixing entries to work with macOS (some of which are **very
+[1986/wall](1986/wall/README.md) not require `-traditional-cpp` (all **very
-complicated** such as [1998/schweikh1](1998/schweikh1/README.md)), fixing code
+complicated fixes**), fixing entries to compile with clang, porting entries to
-to work with both 32-bit and 64-bit (such as
+macOS, some being **very complicated** like
-[2001/herrmann2](2001/herrmann2/README.md)) which *can be* **quite complicated
+[1998/schweikh1](1998/schweikh1/README.md), fixing code like
-too** (though not always even if it seems it), providing alternate code where
+[2001/herrmann2](2001/herrmann2/README.md) to work in both 32-bit/64-bit which
-useful or necessary, fixing where possible dead links and otherwise removing
+*can be* **very complicated**, providing alternate code where useful/necessary,
-them, typo and consistency fixes, improving **ALL _Makefiles_** and writing the
+fixing where possible dead links or removing them, typo/consistency fixes,
-[sgit tool](https://github.com/xexyl/sgit) that we installed locally and have
+improving **ALL _Makefiles_** and writing [sgit](https://github.com/xexyl/sgit)
-used to easily run `sed` on files in the repository to help build the website.
+that we installed locally to easily run `sed` on files in the repo to help build
-Thank you **very much** for your extensive efforts in helping improve the IOCCC
+the website. **Thank you very much** for your extensive efforts in helping
-presentation of past IOCCC winners and making many many past entries work with
+improve the IOCCC presentation of past IOCCC winners and fixing almost all past
-modern systems!
+entries for modern systems!
 
 [Yusuke Endoh](https://www.ioccc.org/winners.html#Yusuke_Endoh) supplied a
 number of important bug fixes to a number of past IOCCC winners. Some of those
 fixes were **very technically challenging** such as
 [1989/robison](1989/robison/README.md), [1990/cmills](1990/cmills/README.md),
-[1992/lush](1992/lush/README.md) and [2001/ctk](2001/ctk/README.md). Thank you **very
+[1992/lush](1992/lush/README.md) and [2001/ctk](2001/ctk/README.md). **Thank you very
 much** for your help!
 
 A good number of the [past winners of the
@@ -127,6 +127,10 @@ char x {sizeof(
 
 and changing the type of `k` to be an `int`.
 
+Additionally, because of the `#define union static struct` there is no need to
+have in the code `static struct` as we can have it like the original code which
+has it as `union`.
+
 Originally Yusuke supplied a patch so that this entry would compile with gcc -
 but not clang - or at least some versions.
 
@@ -262,15 +266,16 @@ noted earlier, very complicated, but we encourage you to look at [original
 code](1986/wall/wall.orig.c) to see how different C was in 1986.
 
 Yusuke originally patched this to use `strdup()` on two strings and this let it
-work with gcc but it still requires `-traditional-cpp`. The [alternate
+work with gcc but it still required `-traditional-cpp`. The [alternate
 code](1986/wall/wall.alt.c) is the version patched by Yusuke should you wish to
-try it with a compiler that has the `-traditional-cpp`.
+try it with a compiler that has the `-traditional-cpp`. See the README.md file
+for details.
 
 If you'd like to see the difference between the version that requires
 `-traditional-cpp` and the fixed version, try:
 
 ```sh
-git diff 82cbf069a781d64802fc59b36778c0b02be4043e..a74abb69b7e9b87e305b529941bf46f97ffff341 1986/wall/wall.c
+diff 1986/wall/wall.alt.c 1986/wall/wall.c
 ```
 
 ## [1987/heckbert](1987/heckbert/heckbert.c) ([README.md](1987/heckbert/README.md))
@@ -283,6 +288,12 @@ of `strings.h` and because it's identical in use to `strchr(3)` (and we noted
 that for System V we had to do this) Cody added to the Makefile
 `-Dindex=strchr`.
 
+## [1987/lievaart](1987/lievaart/lievaart.c) ([README.md](1987/lievaart/README.md))
+
+Cody made this ever so slightly like the original code by adding back the
+`#define D define` even though it's unused. This was done for both versions as
+well (the one with the board and the one without, the entry itself with the
+limitations of the contest).
 
 ## [1987/wall](1987/wall/wall.c) ([README.md](1987/wall/README.md]))
 
@@ -301,8 +312,15 @@ the code can refer to `gets()` instead.
 
 Cody fixed this for modern systems. The problem was `'assignment to cast is
 illegal, lvalue casts are not supported'`. For the original file see the
-README.md file.
+README.md file. Unfortunately this ruins some symmetry. To try and resolve this
+as much as possible at first code was commented out but later on the commented
+out code was removed and another part changed so that, although it has some code
+no longer there, it has a closer match in symmetry and since the code was
+commented out it's probably not a big deal to have it removed instead as it does
+look more symmetrical now.
 
+Cody also added to the Makefile `-include stdio.h` in the nowadays very
+unlikely(?) but nevertheless suggested case that `putchar()` is not available.
 
 ## [1988/dale](1988/dale/dale.c) ([README.md](1988/dale/README.md]))
 
@@ -351,7 +369,7 @@ for/*/(;;);/*/k()){O/*/*/c);
 ```
 
 cannot form `fork())` in modern C compilers. Since it was not done through a
-macro it was simply changed to be 'fork()', rather than adding a new macro.
+macro it was simply changed to be `fork()`, rather than adding a new macro.
 
 (What is quite fun is that at least some C pre-processors can form these
 constructs! Can you figure out why this is?)
@@ -361,16 +379,19 @@ modern compilers do not allow directives like:
 
 ```c
 #define _ define
-+#_ P char
+#_ P char
-+#_ p int
+#_ p int
-+#_ O close(
+#_ O close(
-...
+/* ... */
 ```
 
 so Cody changed the lines to be in the form of:
 
 ```c
-#define foo bar
+#define P char
+#define p int
+#define O close(
+/* ... */
 ```
 
 However, to keep the entry as close to as possible in look, Cody kept the `_`
@@ -387,31 +408,46 @@ function, a redefinition of `exit()`, was not being called in main(). The
 original version is in [1988/isaak/isaak.alt.c](1988/isaak/isaak.alt.c). See the
 README.md file for more details.
 
+## [1988/litmaath](1988/litmaath/litmaath.c) ([README.md](1988/litmaath/README.md))
+
+Cody added the alt code which is code that we suggested at the time of
+publication, in the remarks, to help understand the entry, and for fun.
 
 ## [1988/phillipps](1988/phillipps/phillipps.c) ([README.md](1988/phillipps/README.md]))
 
 Cody fixed this for modern systems. It did not compile with clang because it
 requires the second and third args of `main()` to be `char **` but even before
-that with gcc it printed random characters. After fixing it for clang by
+that with gcc it printed random characters.
-changing `main()` to call the new function `pain()` (chosen because it's a pain
+
-that clang requires these args to be `char **` :-) ) with the correct args it
+After fixing it for clang by changing `main()` to call the new function `pain()`
-now works.
+(chosen because it's a pain that clang requires these args to be `char **` :-) )
+with the correct args it now works with gcc and clang.
+
+Later Cody improved the fix to make it look a bit more like the original, using
+K&R style functions, and trying to match the format as best as possible of what
+`main()` used to look like but without the full body that cannot exist as it
+once did. The format of `pain()` is exactly like how `main()` was as it's the
+same code. Additionally, `main()` returns `!pain(...)` like `main()` used to do
+to itself and `pain()` does now.
 
 ## [1988/reddy](1988/reddy/reddy.c) ([README.md](1988/reddy/README.md))
 
 Cody made this use `fgets()` to prevent annoying warnings during compiling,
 linking and runtime, the latter of which being the most annoying.
 
+Cody also restored the name of the winner in the README.md file that was missing
+by some crazy chance.
 
 ## [1988/spinellis](1988/spinellis/spinellis.c) ([README.md](1988/spinellis/README.md]))
 
 Cody provided an [alternate version](1988/spinellis/spinellis.alt.c) so that
 this will work with compilers like clang. An alternate version had to be
-provided because not doing so would be tampering with the file too much. It
+provided because not doing so would be tampering with the entry too much. It
-would work but it would not show the same creativity. The original file exploits
+would work but it would not show the same creativity and cleverness.
-a fun mis-feature that works with gcc but not clang. This resulted in a change
+
-of rules which is another reason to not modify the original. See the README.md
+The original entry exploits a fun mis-feature that works with gcc but not clang.
-file for details on the alternate code.
+This resulted in a change of rules which is another reason to not modify the
+original. See the README.md file for details on the alternate code.
 
 Meanwhile Cody was twisted enough to point out (though to be fair he felt sick
 doing this) that with a slight modification this entry can be C++ instead. We don't
@@ -425,6 +461,9 @@ was fixed by Misha Dynin, based on the judges' remarks, so that this would work
 with modern C compilers. We encourage you to try the alternate version to see
 what happens with current compilers! See the README.md files for details.
 
+Cody added the [demo.sh](1988/westley/demo.sh) script to show the magic of the
+entry as seeing the code with the result at once is far more beautiful.
+
 
 ## [1989/fubar](1989/fubar/fubar.c) ([README.md](1989/fubar/README.md]))
 
@@ -458,9 +497,9 @@ author's remarks. See the README.md for details.
 
 ## [1989/paul](1989/paul/paul.c) ([README.md](1989/paul/README.md]))
 
-Cody fixed a segfault under macOS. The problem was that the int (from `#define
+Cody fixed a segfault under macOS that prevented it from working. The problem
-f`) should be a long. This became apparent when he was using lldb and saw that
+was that the int (from `#define f`) should be a long. This became apparent when
-the type of a pointer was too `long` :-)
+he was using lldb and saw that the type of a pointer was too `long` :-)
 
 
 ## [1989/robison](1989/robison/robison.c) ([README.md](1989/robison/README.md]))