Improve markdown guidelines wording

Amongst the changes here is that we do not need to have the hex or html
code (numbers) for open and close parentheses (in links) as there are
names. '(' is & followed by lpar; and the ')' is the same but 'rpar;'
instead. This makes it easier to remember and type and it generates the
same html as well (they are all valid). Now the markdown files are
consistent in this (in some cases hex was used and in others the html
code).

Although many markdown files were updated no html files needed to be
updated as it generates the same html. Even so I ran the appropriate
rules to do so just to verify this.

2012/blakely/README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ For more detailed information see [2012/blakely in bugs.html](../../bugs.html#20
 Several IOCCC themes ([RPN
 calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation), animated
 [GIF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF) generator, [ray
-tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) graphics) in one package!
+tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) graphics) in one package!
 Very impressive!
 
 The checkerboard pattern in the output can be broken. Could you figure out how?
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Larger GIF files confuse some image viewers.
 
 This program renders a generic
 [RPN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation) expression in
-[ray-traced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) animated
+[ray-traced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) animated
 [GIF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF) form.  The expression in spatial
 variables `x` and `y` is specified on the command-line with the required
 resolution, and an animated GIF showing a fly-around of the resulting surface is

2012/endoh1/README.md

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ it is surely a C99 feature.
 [pour-out.txt](pour-out.txt) pours you a cup of tea.
 
 [tanada.txt](tanada.txt) simulates "Terrace farming".  ("Tanada" means a
-"[terraced rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks) fields)" in Japanese.)
+"[terraced rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks) fields)" in Japanese.)
 
 [clock.txt](clock.txt) is a "water" clock created by HAMANO Tsukasa.
 

2012/endoh2/README.md

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ and:
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 A
-[pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi)/[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
-printing quasi-[quine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) in [ASCII
+[pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi)/[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
+printing quasi-[quine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) in [ASCII
 art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art) with a compressed font in it; what
 else to wish for in this program? [Virtual
 machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine) emulation?
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Yeah, "Again".  Sorry.  But I don't feel guilty or uncomfortable.
 
 This entry is based on 'over-used themes' such as self reproducing
 program and [pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi) or
-[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)) computation.  I
+[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)) computation.  I
 know you're tired of them.
 
 But have you ever seen them **all-in-one**?
@@ -65,18 +65,18 @@ This program generates a new program in the shape of the Greek letter
 
 One more thing...  When you give a command line argument `e` to the
 first program, the generated one will compute [Napier's
-constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
+constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
 rather than pi.
 
 
 ### Obfuscation
 
 This program itself is in the shape of a
-[spigot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)).  This is derived as an
+[spigot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)).  This is derived as an
 analogy with [spigot algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spigot_algorithm)
 which infinitely computes the value of a mathematical constant such as
 [pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi) or
-[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)).
+[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)).
 
 The two sets of programs, `314*.c` and `271*.c`, are almost the same
 except their shape and constant computational part.  I tailored the
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ tweaking the computational order and adding meaningless code fragments.
 
 On the other hand, to make it fit inside one screen (80 x 25), my program is
 shortened properly, more than it looks.  (As you may know,
-[quines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) need to make its
+[quines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) need to make its
 program size doubled.) For example, this program involves 3x5 bitmap font data
 of ten characters (`0` -- `9`), as just 20 bytes: `G1%xJ{;Q7wunmuGuu%uu`.  We
 can decode character `n` as `275*s[n+10] - 8*s[n] - 8`.  I solved the system of

2012/hamano/README.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ confused.
 
 The results can be viewed with Acrobat Reader,
 [evince](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evince) and Apple's
-[Preview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preview_(macOS)).
+[Preview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preview_(macOS)).
 
 The updated version can also be viewed using Ghostscript.
 

2012/hou/README.md

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ As an extra tweak, the text message actually does something useful. Remove the
 
 [^1]: [Russ Cox, Regular Expression Matching: the Virtual Machine Approach](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp2.html)
 
-[^2]: [Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ...)](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html)
+[^2]: [Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ...)](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html)
 
 
 <!--

2012/hou/hint.md

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ As an extra tweak, the text message actually does something useful. Remove the
 
 [1] [Russ Cox, Regular Expression Matching: the Virtual Machine Approach](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp2.html)
 
-[2] [Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ...)](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html)
+[2] [Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, ...)](http://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html)
 
 
 <hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">

2012/omoikane/README.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Output code has these features:
 * Uses a fairly efficient encoding scheme, better than `uuencode` for
  files larger than ~13K, and better than `base64` for files larger
  than 20K.
-* Encryption with [ISAAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAAC_(cipher)), a
+* Encryption with [ISAAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAAC_(cipher)), a
 cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator.
 * Trivial 3 language polyglot.