fix more broken markdown links

We fix more markdown links in markdown files that refer to files
internally to the web site.

Added tmp tools to find and print various markdown links:

* `tmp/md-links.sh` - print all markdown links
* `tmp/md-token-links.sh` - print all markdown links that start with a **%%TOKEN%%**
* `tmp/md-local-links.sh` - print all markdown links to a local file
* `tmp/md-link-paths.sh` - print local file paths referenced in markdown links

Fixed a number of markdown formatting problems with `thanks-for-help.md`.
Fixed markdown links to files in `thanks-for-help.md`.  Improved
heading levels in `thanks-for-help.md`, and made entry sections consistent.

Changed all markdown links that end in "))" to end in a better way.

Explained in `markdown.md` why we are avoiding markdown links that
end in "))".

Ran `make www` to perform the above.

TODO: Fix stuff we broke by mistake doing the above.

TODO: Fix more broken markdown links.

2012/README.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ But don't ignore the other winning entries!  There are games, utilities,
 eye candy, calculators and graphical tools to explore.
 
 This year, Yusuke Endoh won with two entries, one of which
-([endoh1](endoh1/index.html)) won the special Honorable mention award.  Eight of
+([endoh1](endoh1/index.html) entry) won the special Honorable mention award.  Eight of
 the winning entries were from people who won in previous years.
 
 This year we had a number of authors from Asia.  We saw our second

2012/blakely/README.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ For more detailed information see [2012 blakely bugs](../../bugs.html#2012_blake
 Several IOCCC themes ([RPN
 calculator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation), animated
 [GIF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF) generator, [ray
-tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics))) in one package!
+tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) graphics) in one package!
 Very impressive!
 
 The checkerboard pattern in the output can be broken. Could you figure out how?
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Larger GIF files confuse some image viewers.
 
 This program renders a generic
 [RPN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation) expression in
-[ray-traced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) animated
+[ray-traced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)) animated
 [GIF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF) form.  The expression in spatial
 variables `x` and `y` is specified on the command-line with the required
 resolution, and an animated GIF showing a fly-around of the resulting surface is

2012/blakely/index.html

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ Location: <a href="../../location.html#GB">GB</a> - <em>United Kingdom of Great
 <p>Several IOCCC themes (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation">RPN
 calculator</a>, animated
 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF">GIF</a> generator, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)">ray
-tracing</a>) in one package!
+tracing</a> graphics) in one package!
 Very impressive!</p>
 <p>The checkerboard pattern in the output can be broken. Could you figure out how?</p>
 <p>Larger GIF files confuse some image viewers.</p>

2012/deckmyn/README.md

@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ be `"`` ` ``cat deckmyn.c`` ` ``"`.
 The second command line argument is the music itself. This is, again, a string,
 not a file name. All music signs are entered as tokens of exactly 3 characters.
 The code is very sensitive to bad spacing! So for instance, if you use a file to
-write the music (e.g. [example\_greensleeves](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/deckmyn/example_greensleeves)), you should
-keep in mind that newline is also a character!
+write the music (e.g., [example\_greensleeves](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/deckmyn/example_greensleeves) file),
+you should keep in mind that newline is also a character!
 
 
 ### Internals

2012/deckmyn/index.html

@@ -452,8 +452,8 @@ be <code>"``</code> <code>cat deckmyn.c</code> <code>``"</code>.</p>
 <p>The second command line argument is the music itself. This is, again, a string,
 not a file name. All music signs are entered as tokens of exactly 3 characters.
 The code is very sensitive to bad spacing! So for instance, if you use a file to
-write the music (e.g. <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/example_greensleeves">example_greensleeves</a>), you should
-keep in mind that newline is also a character!</p>
+write the music (e.g., <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/example_greensleeves">example_greensleeves</a> file),
+you should keep in mind that newline is also a character!</p>
 <h3 id="internals">Internals</h3>
 <p>To minimise the memory footprint, this program has <em>no variable declarations at
 all</em>, except for the arguments to <code>main()</code>. The only available memory space is

2012/endoh1/README.md

@@ -291,8 +291,8 @@ casting) it to an integer-type variable.
 
 [pour-out.txt](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/endoh1/pour-out.txt) pours you a cup of tea.
 
-[tanada.txt](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/endoh1/tanada.txt) simulates "Terrace farming".  ("Tanada" means a "[terraced rice
-fields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks))" in Japanese.)
+[tanada.txt](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/endoh1/tanada.txt) simulates "Terrace farming".  ("Tanada" means a
+"[terraced rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks) fields)" in Japanese.)
 
 [clock.txt](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/endoh1/clock.txt) is a "water" clock created by HAMANO Tsukasa.
 

2012/endoh1/index.html

@@ -570,8 +570,8 @@ casting) it to an integer-type variable.</p>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/logo.txt">logo.txt</a> is a source of the logo in this remark file.</p>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/column.txt">column.txt</a> is a water column collapse, which is a popular demo of SPH.</p>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/pour-out.txt">pour-out.txt</a> pours you a cup of tea.</p>
-<p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/tanada.txt">tanada.txt</a> simulates “Terrace farming”. (“Tanada” means a “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)">terraced rice
-fields</a>” in Japanese.)</p>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/tanada.txt">tanada.txt</a> simulates “Terrace farming”. (“Tanada” means a
+“<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)%20fields">terraced rice</a>” in Japanese.)</p>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/clock.txt">clock.txt</a> is a “water” clock created by HAMANO Tsukasa.</p>
 <p>Other <code>*.txt</code> files are from the judges.</p>
 <p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/endoh1/endoh1_color.c">endoh1_color.c</a> is a variant that shows the density by using terminal 256

2012/endoh2/README.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ and:
 ## Judges' remarks:
 
 A
-[pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi)/[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
+[pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi)/[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
 printing quasi-[quine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing) in [ASCII
 art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art) with a compressed font in it; what
 else to wish for in this program? [Virtual
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Yeah, "Again".  Sorry.  But I don't feel guilty or uncomfortable.
 
 This entry is based on 'over-used themes' such as self reproducing
 program and [pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi) or
-[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))) computation.  I
+[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant() computation.  I
 know you're tired of them.
 
 But have you ever seen them **all-in-one**?
@@ -65,18 +65,18 @@ This program generates a new program in the shape of the Greek letter
 
 One more thing...  When you give a command line argument `e` to the
 first program, the generated one will compute [Napier's
-constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)))
+constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant))
 rather than pi.
 
 
 ### Obfuscation
 
 This program itself is in the shape of a
-[spigot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)).  This is derived as an
+[spigot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_(valve)).  This is derived as an
 analogy with [spigot algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spigot_algorithm)
 which infinitely computes the value of a mathematical constant such as
 [pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi) or
-[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)).
+[e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)).
 
 The two sets of programs, `314*.c` and `271*.c`, are almost the same
 except their shape and constant computational part.  I tailored the
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ tweaking the computational order and adding meaningless code fragments.
 
 On the other hand, to make it fit inside one screen (80 x 25), my program is
 shortened properly, more than it looks.  (As you may know,
-[quines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) need to make its
+[quines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quine_(computing)) need to make its
 program size doubled.) For example, this program involves 3x5 bitmap font data
 of ten characters (`0` -- `9`), as just 20 bytes: `G1%xJ{;Q7wunmuGuu%uu`.  We
 can decode character `n` as `275*s[n+10] - 8*s[n] - 8`.  I solved the system of

2012/endoh2/index.html

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ machine</a> emulation?</p>
 <p>Yeah, “Again”. Sorry. But I don’t feel guilty or uncomfortable.</p>
 <p>This entry is based on ‘over-used themes’ such as self reproducing
 program and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi">pi</a> or
-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)">e</a>) computation. I
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant(">e</a> computation. I
 know you’re tired of them.</p>
 <p>But have you ever seen them <strong>all-in-one</strong>?</p>
 <h3 id="what-it-is">What it is</h3>
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ know you’re tired of them.</p>
 </ul>
 <p>One more thing… When you give a command line argument <code>e</code> to the
 first program, the generated one will compute <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)">Napier’s
-constant</a>)
+constant</a>
 rather than pi.</p>
 <h3 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation</h3>
 <p>This program itself is in the shape of a

2012/hamano/README.md

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ confused.
 
 The results can be viewed with Acrobat Reader,
 [evince](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evince) and Apple's
-[Preview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preview_(macOS)).
+[Preview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preview_(macOS)).
 
 The updated version can also be viewed using Ghostscript.
 

2012/index.html

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ very likely say <a href="http://bit.ly/R6ALpK">wow</a> as we did!</p></li>
 <p>But don’t ignore the other winning entries! There are games, utilities,
 eye candy, calculators and graphical tools to explore.</p>
 <p>This year, Yusuke Endoh won with two entries, one of which
-(<a href="endoh1/index.html">endoh1</a>) won the special Honorable mention award. Eight of
+(<a href="endoh1/index.html">endoh1</a> entry) won the special Honorable mention award. Eight of
 the winning entries were from people who won in previous years.</p>
 <p>This year we had a number of authors from Asia. We saw our second
 authors from China and first from Korea. We are pleased to see

2012/omoikane/README.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Output code has these features:
 * Uses a fairly efficient encoding scheme, better than `uuencode` for
  files larger than ~13K, and better than `base64` for files larger
  than 20K.
-* Encryption with [ISAAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAAC_(cipher)), a
+* Encryption with [ISAAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAAC_(cipher)), a
 cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator.
 * Trivial 3 language polyglot.
 

2012/tromp/README.md

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ representation in lambda calculus), and translates the evaluated result back
 into a stream of bits to be output.
 
 Lambda is encoded as 00, application as 01, and the variable bound by the `n`th
-enclosing lambda (denoted `n` in so-called [De Bruijn
-notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation)) as `1^{n}0`.
+enclosing lambda (denoted `n` in so-called [De Bruijn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation)
+notation) as `1^{n}0`.
 That's all there is to
 [BLC](https://tromp.github.io/cl/Binary_lambda_calculus.html)!
 
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ The size of the term space is fixed at compile time with `-DA`.
 
 ### A half byte `cat`
 
-The shortest (closed) lambda calculus term is `\x x (\ 1` in [De Bruijn
-notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation)) which is the
+The shortest (closed) lambda calculus term is `\x x (\ 1` in
+[De Bruijn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation) notation which is the
 identity function. When its encoding `0010` is fed into the universal machine,
 it will simply copy the input to the output (well, not that simply, since each
 byte is smashed to bits and rebuilt from scratch). Voila: a half byte cat:

2012/tromp/index.html

@@ -435,8 +435,8 @@ the remainder of input (translated to a lazy list of
 representation in lambda calculus), and translates the evaluated result back
 into a stream of bits to be output.</p>
 <p>Lambda is encoded as 00, application as 01, and the variable bound by the <code>n</code>th
-enclosing lambda (denoted <code>n</code> in so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation">De Bruijn
-notation</a>) as <code>1^{n}0</code>.
+enclosing lambda (denoted <code>n</code> in so-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation">De Bruijn</a>
+notation) as <code>1^{n}0</code>.
 That’s all there is to
 <a href="https://tromp.github.io/cl/Binary_lambda_calculus.html">BLC</a>!</p>
 <p>For example the encoding of lambda term <code>S = \x \y \z  (x z) (y z)</code>,
@@ -459,8 +459,8 @@ bit of input, and using characters <code>0</code> and <code>1</code> for output.
     1,2,3,4,8,9: result not in list form</code></pre>
 <p>The size of the term space is fixed at compile time with <code>-DA</code>.</p>
 <h3 id="a-half-byte-cat">A half byte <code>cat</code></h3>
-<p>The shortest (closed) lambda calculus term is <code>\x x (\ 1</code> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation">De Bruijn
-notation</a>) which is the
+<p>The shortest (closed) lambda calculus term is <code>\x x (\ 1</code> in
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_notation">De Bruijn</a> notation which is the
 identity function. When its encoding <code>0010</code> is fed into the universal machine,
 it will simply copy the input to the output (well, not that simply, since each
 byte is smashed to bits and rebuilt from scratch). Voila: a half byte cat:</p>

2012/zeitak/README.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ will not detect multiple issues.
 
 ## Alternate code:
 
-The alternate code, [zeitak.alt.c](z%%REPO_URL%%/2012/zeitak/eitak.alt.c), is a version that was slightly
+The alternate code, [zeitak.alt.c](%%REPO_URL%%/2012/zeitak/zeitak.alt.c), is a version that was slightly
 deobfuscated by the author. You may find reading it helpful in your attempt to
 understand this extremely subtle entry.
 

2012/zeitak/index.html

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ text files that are not code.</p>
 <p>NOTE: the program prints an error and exits on the first nesting error so it
 will not detect multiple issues.</p>
 <h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
-<p>The alternate code, <a href="zhttps://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/zeitak/eitak.alt.c">zeitak.alt.c</a>, is a version that was slightly
+<p>The alternate code, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/zeitak/zeitak.alt.c">zeitak.alt.c</a>, is a version that was slightly
 deobfuscated by the author. You may find reading it helpful in your attempt to
 understand this extremely subtle entry.</p>
 <h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>