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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="mkd2html 2.1.5a DL=DISCOUNT">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<link rel="stylesheet"
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type="text/css"
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href="../hint.css">
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<title>Most tweetable 1-liner</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Most tweetable 1-liner</h1>
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<p>Yusuke Endoh<br>
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<a href="mailto:mame@ruby-lang.org">mame@ruby-lang.org</a><br>
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<a href="https://github.com/mame/">https://github.com/mame/</a></p>
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<h2>Judges' comments:</h2>
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<h3>To build:</h3>
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<pre><code>make endoh3
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</code></pre>
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<h3>To run:</h3>
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<pre><code>./endoh3
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</code></pre>
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<h3>Try:</h3>
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<p>Trying this out will depend on how your system can play sounds. The author’s
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remarks include some options for different operating systems.</p>
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<p>The simplest way is to create a .wav file and have your system play that.</p>
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<pre><code>echo 'CDEFGABc' | ./endoh3 | ruby wavify.rb > cde.wav
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</code></pre>
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<p>There are also some other musical samples, twinkle.abc and menuet.abc.</p>
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<h3>Selected Judges Remarks:</h3>
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<p>This program can tweet out a tune and is small enough to tweet.</p>
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<h2>Author’s comments:</h2>
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<h3>Remarks</h3>
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<p>This is a sound synthesizer for a subset of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_notation">ABC music notation</a>.</p>
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<p>Try:</p>
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<pre><code>gcc -o prog prog.c
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echo "CDEFGABc" | ./prog > /dev/dsp
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</code></pre>
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<p>If <code>/dev/dsp</code> is not available on your system, use an OSS sound wrapper such
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as <code>padsp</code> or <code>aoss</code>:</p>
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<pre><code>echo "CDEFGABc" | ./prog | padsp tee /dev/dsp > /dev/null
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</code></pre>
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<p>If you are using Mac OS X, try <a href="http://sox.sourceforge.net/">sox</a>:</p>
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<pre><code>echo "CDEFGABc" | ./prog | sox -q -traw -r8000 -b8 -e unsigned-integer - -tcoreaudio
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</code></pre>
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<p>If they do not work, use the attached script to convert the output
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into a wave file format:</p>
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<pre><code>echo "CDEFGABc" | ./prog | ruby wavify.rb > cde.wav
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</code></pre>
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<p>and play <code>cde.wav</code>.</p>
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<p>You can enjoy some music scores that I attached:</p>
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<pre><code>cat twinkle.abc | ./prog > /dev/dsp
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cat menuet.abc | ./prog > /dev/dsp
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</code></pre>
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<h3>Obfuscation</h3>
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<p>The following sequence of questions may be helpful to understand the program.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>How does it convert ABC notes into the frequency?</li>
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<li>What is <code>89/84.</code>? I found it by using Stern-Brocot tree.</li>
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<li>How does it generate a wave? Hint: it generates a saw wave.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Limitation</h3>
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<p>The following features are supported:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Notes:
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<ul>
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<li><code>C</code> <code>D</code> <code>E</code> <code>F</code> <code>G</code> <code>A</code> <code>B</code> (in low octave)</li>
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<li><code>c</code> <code>d</code> <code>e</code> <code>f</code> <code>g</code> <code>a</code> <code>b</code> (in high octave)</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Rests: <code>z</code></li>
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<li>Note lengths:
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<ul>
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<li><code>A</code> (an eighth note)</li>
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<li><code>A2</code> (a quarter note)</li>
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<li><code>A3</code> (a dotted quarter note)</li>
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<li><code>A4</code> (a half note)</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The following features are <em>not</em> supported:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Sharp and flat: <code>^C</code> <code>_C</code>
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<ul>
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<li>But it is possible to emit the half tones. Do you see how?</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Shorter note lengths than 1: <code>C1/2</code>
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<ul>
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<li>But you can use <code>C0.5</code> instead.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Higher and lower notes: <code>c'</code> <code>C,</code></li>
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<li>Any meta fields: <code>T:title</code> <code>L:1/4</code></li>
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<li>Bar line, repeat, ties and slurs, and everything else.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Known Bugs</h3>
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<p>You can <em>not</em> write a note length immediately followed by a note <code>E</code>,
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such as <code>C2E2</code>.
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Can you know why?
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You can work it around by inserting a whitespace: <code>C2 E2</code>.</p>
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<h3>Portability</h3>
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<p>I tested it on:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Ubuntu 13.10 with gcc 4.7.3, clang 3.2, and tcc 0.9.25.</li>
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<li>Mac OS X 10.6 with gcc 4.2.1 and clang 1.7.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Legal</h3>
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<p>I believe that all the scores that I attached are out-of-copyright.</p>
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<p>I did write a score of the Happy Birthday song too.
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(It does not matter because the song is out-of-copyright in my country.)
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But I do not attach it to protect you from W****r.</p>
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<p>For the same reason, do not play a score that contains only <code>z1092</code>.
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You know, it is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E2%80%B233%E2%80%B3">“the famous song”</a>.</p>
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<h3>Spoiler (rot13)</h3>
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<p>Urer vf n zntvpny rkcerffvba juvpu V sbhaq ol oehgr-sbepr:</p>
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<pre><code>(p % 32 + 5) * 9 / 5 % 13 + a / 32 * 12 - 22
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</code></pre>
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<p>Vagrerfgvatyl, vg pbairegf na NFPVV ahzore bs NOP abgrf
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gb gur pbeerfcbaqvat gbar ahzore.</p>
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<pre><code>'P' (NFPVV 67) => 3
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'Q' (NFPVV 68) => 5
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'R' (NFPVV 69) => 7
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'S' (NFPVV 70) => 9
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'T' (NFPVV 71) => 10
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'N' (NFPVV 65) => 12
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'O' (NFPVV 66) => 14
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'p' (NFPVV 99) => 15
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'q' (NFPVV 100) => 17
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'r' (NFPVV 101) => 19
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's' (NFPVV 102) => 20
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't' (NFPVV 103) => 22
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'n' (NFPVV 97) => 24
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'o' (NFPVV 98) => 26
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</code></pre>
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<p>Ol gur jnl, lbh pna jevgr n unys-gbar ol gur sbyybjvat punenpgref.</p>
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<pre><code>'X' => 4 (= P#)
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'Y' => 6 (= Q#)
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'H' => 8 (= S#)
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'I' => 11 (= T#)
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'C' => 13 (= N#)
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</code></pre>
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<p>Abgr gung gur gbar ahzoref fvzcyl rahzrengr gur frzv-gbar fgrcf.
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Fb jr pna pnyphyngr gur serdhrapl rnfvyl: <code>cbj(2, a / 12.0)</code>.
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Gura, ubj pna jr pnyphyngr <code>cbj</code> jvgubhg <code>zngu.u</code>?
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<code>cbj(2, 1.0 / 12.0)</code> vf nccebkvzngrq ol <code>89/84.</code>.
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(V sbhaq guvf nccebkvzngvba ol hfvat <a href="uggc://ra.jvxvcrqvn.bet/jvxv/Fgrea%R2%80%93Oebpbg_gerr">Fgrea-Oebpbg gerr</a>.)
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Jr pna tnva gur serdhrapl ol zhygvcylvat gur inyhr <code>a</code> gvzrf.</p>
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<p>Svanyyl, gur sbyybjvat pbqr trarengrf n fnj jnir:</p>
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<pre><code>sbe(p = 0; p < yra; p++) chgpune(n = a * Q);
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</code></pre>
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<p>jurer <code>Q</code> vf n serdhrapl naq <code>n</code> vf n inevnoyr jubfr glcr vf pune.
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Ol nffvtavat sybng gb pune inevnoyr, gur vzcyvpvg glcr pbairegvba vf cresbezrq sebz sybng gb pune (zbqhyb 256).
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(Fgevpgyl fcrnxvat, guvf orunivbe vf haqrsvarq nppbeqvat gb 6.3.1.4 va P99;
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lbh pna ercynpr vg jvgu <code>(ybat)(a*Q)</code> vs lbh ner crqnagvp.)</p>
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<p>Nyy gung jnf yrsg jnf gb pbzovar naq pbaqrafr gur pbzcbaragf.
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Gur xrl vf fdhnfuvat gurz vagb whfg bar sbe-ybbc.</p>
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<hr />
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<TABLE><TR>
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<TD><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/88x31.png" /></a></TD>
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<TD><P>© Copyright 1984-2015,
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<A HREF="/judges.html">Leo Broukhis, Simon Cooper, Landon Curt Noll</A>
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- All rights reserved<BR>
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This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>.</P></TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
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</body>
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</html>
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