Rename hint.txt and hint.text to README.md
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# Best of Show
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Oscar Toledo
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Av. Santa Cruz del Monte 9-304
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Ciudad Satelite. Edo. de Mexico
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CP. 53110
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Mexico
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## Judges' comments:
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### To build:
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make toledo2
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### Try:
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cp C.BASIC C
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./toledo2
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We're impressed! Last year, it was a 6502 emulator; this year,
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it's 8080! It requires an input file ("C") to be present, but
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it does not have to be one of C.BASIC or C.BIOS - you're welcome
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to write a standalone 8080 program yourself! How about C.FORTH
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or C.LISP?
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In addition to the functionality you could expect from a program
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of this size, it allows importing files from the host file
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system (one by one, so you'll have to be patient).
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Remember the good old days and play (or let your kids play)
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Adventure (in the directory ADVENTUR within the KAYPROII.ZIP
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file referred in the author's comments); walking in a maze of
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twisty little passages all alike is easier than understanding
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the code!
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## Author's comments:
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This program emulates a complete Intel(r) 8080
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processor, along with a teletype and a disk
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controller, just like at the start of the personal
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computers revolution (circa 1975).
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It needs an initial memory image to do something
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usable, so along it you will find two files
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(C.BASIC and C.BIOS). Rename C.BASIC to C and run
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the emulator, and et voila! you have the public
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domain Palo Alto Tiny BASIC (by Li-Chen Wang),
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published on the very first volume of Dr. Dobb's
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Journal.
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Type using uppercase letters, here are three example
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programs, press Enter after each line:
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10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
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LIST
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RUN
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10 FOR A=1 TO 10 10 INPUT A
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20 PRINT A 20 INPUT B
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30 NEXT A 30 PRINT A+B
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LIST LIST
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RUN RUN
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Press Ctrl+Z to quit, by the way, the segmentation fault is
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normal at this point.
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All good programmers started learning BASIC, now, what about a
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CP/M emulator?
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Download the following file (not included because of possible
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copyright and blah, blah):
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> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/os/KAYPROII.ZIP>
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Extract CPM64.COM from the SOURCE directory, and copy it to
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files named A and B (these will be the disk drives). Now rename
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the provided C.BIOS to C and run the emulator.
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Now you have a running CP/M system!, with two files on A: drive,
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HALT.COM to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and IMPORT.COM
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to introduce new files.
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To get a complete CP/M system, you will need the following files
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from the KAYPROII.ZIP, SOURCE directory:
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ASM.COM DDT.COM DUMP.COM ED.COM LOAD.COM
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PIP.COM STAT.COM SUBMIT.COM XSUB.COM
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To import them, you must run the emulator with an argument, by
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example:
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prog DDT.COM
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When the A> prompt appears, do:
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IMPORT DDT.COM
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When it ends, do HALT, so the file is saved, and you can start
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the same process with another file.
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At this time I have tested successfully the following software
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from retroarchive.org:
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> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/c80v30.zip>
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> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/Mbasic.com>
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> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/business/MULTPLAN.ZIP>
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Some programs requiere installation to configure the terminal,
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locate ANSI or VT-100.
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### What is an 8080?
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It is simply the little brother of the Z80, it has no extended
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registers (AF', BC', DE', HL', IX or IY), no relative jumps,
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and every instruction beginning with CB, DD, ED or FD doesn't
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exist.
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The flags are only S (Sign, bit 7), Z (Zero, bit 6), P (Parity,
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bit 2) and C (Carry, bit 0).
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### Porting it
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It is easy if your platform has getch/kbhit and
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ANSI terminal
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read --> Z=kbhit()?getch():0
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write --> putchar(7[o])
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system --> nothing
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Also add the following to trap Ctrl-C:
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#include <signal.h>
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signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
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On PC/DOS you need to add ANSI.SYS to CONFIG.SYS
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In *NIX the min 0 on stty is required, circa 2001
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it was not required.
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.
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.
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.
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### How it works (SPOILER)
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.
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.
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.
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The l array contains the 64K memory, it is initialized with a
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boot image loaded from the 'C' file, the program counter is the
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c pointer, and regitser are on o[]. The main loops reads every
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op-code and separates it in one of three common forms, a lot
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of trinary operators selects the instruction.
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o[0] = B register o[1] = C register
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o[2] = D register o[3] = E register
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o[4] = H register o[5] = L register
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o[6] = Flags o[7] = A or accumulator
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The following instructions do peripheral operation:
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76 Quits emulator
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DB 00 Reads key pressed status
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DB 01 Reads key
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DB 02 Reads byte from file (Carry=EOF)
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D3 xx Writes byte from acc. to console
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ED ED 02 Reads sector
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ED ED 03 Writes sector
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Memory addresses:
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FBFA = Low source/target direction
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FBFB - High source/target direction
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FBFC - Sector
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FBFD - Low cylinder
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FBFE - High cylinder
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FBFF - Drive.
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The BIOS is tailor made for this emulator, and helps to simplify it.
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Other notes:
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- The 8080 runs at your computer speed divided
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between a number that I have not calculated.
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- This obfuscated processor is created using
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obfuscated code produced by an obfuscated mind,
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no brains were harmed during its production,
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except those that tried to read the code.
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- The original version of this code was eated
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by my C++ dog.
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- I intended to make it simple to understand,
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it uses only four C keywords.
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- Also I discovered that braces are very useful
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for commenting.
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- Why to bother with prototypes?, every good C
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programmer can develop its C programs using
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only one function.
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