Add alt code to 1986/marshall

Add the code before the fixes to the entry that prevented it from
working right depending on the compiler and optimiser (where having the
optimiser with one compiler would let it work with one and not work with
the other but having it disabled would reverse this in the same way) and
documented the ways the compilers conflicted for instructional value and
entertainment.

Updated .gitignore.

1986/marshall/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 marshall
 marshall.orig
 prog.orig
+marshall.alt

1986/marshall/Makefile

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ OBJ= ${PROG}.o
 DATA=
 TARGET= ${PROG}
 #
-ALT_OBJ=
-ALT_TARGET=
+ALT_OBJ= ${PROG}.alt.o
+ALT_TARGET= ${PROG}.alt
 
 
 #################

1986/marshall/README.md

@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ Eric Marshall
 make all
 ```
 
+There is an alternate version. See the Alternate code section for the commentary
+on why this is: there was a funny problem depending on the compiler and flags
+where it would work with one compiler with the optimiser but it would not work
+with the other; and if the optimiser state is changed the previous problematic
+compiler might work but the other one would not! We describe this in more detail
+below and we encourage you to read it.
+
 
 ## Try:
 
@@ -15,7 +22,95 @@ make all
 ./marshall
 ```
 
-# Judges' remarks:
+### Alternate code:
+
+As some changes had to be made due to the problem of conflicting compiler
+options briefly noted above we provide the code that demonstrates the problem so
+you can see if your compiler has the problem as described below.
+
+In some versions of gcc and clang (this was first discovered in fedora linux 38)
+depending on whether or not the optimiser was enabled would cause one compiler
+to segfault but not another but when changing the state of the optimiser the
+opposite would happen: the compiler that did not segfault suddenly did and the
+one that did now worked! Another problem was an infinite loop also depending on
+the optimiser.
+
+The alternate code has the original fix for clang which works with some
+compilers depending on the optimiser. When we refer to the code below we refer
+to the alternate code.
+
+### The conflicting compiler problems:
+
+Below we describe the conflicting options that resulted in the need to modify
+the original code.
+
+#### Linux
+
+With the optimiser disabled GCC compiled the code to enter an infinite loop.
+Enabling the optimiser and it worked fine. But if the optimiser is enabled clang
+generates code that first prints the text twice (it should print it once) and
+then immediately dumps core!
+
+But then what happens if we remove the infinite loop?
+
+Once the loop is fixed if we compile with clang and the optimiser is disabled
+all is okay. If however we compile with gcc and the optimiser is disabled the
+string is printed once and the program then dumps core! Why is this? It is
+because of the call to `_exit()` (see below). Clang works fine with the loop
+removed and the optimiser disabled. If however we enable the optimiser clang
+generates code that prints the string twice and dumps core just like before!
+What about the call to `_exit()`?
+
+The call was:
+
+
+```c
+_exit(argv[(int)*argc-2/cc[1*(int)*argc]|-1<<4]);
+```
+
+Changing it to not refer to these variables and just exit 1 and the problems
+disappear!
+
+#### macOS
+
+But as noted just because it works one way in linux does not mean it works the
+same way in macOS!
+
+If the infinite loop is not removed/commented out and the optimiser is enabled
+it works fine but if it's disabled it prints out the string and then enters an
+infinite loop.
+
+After we fix the infinite loop if we change the `_exit()` call in macOS and
+disable the optimiser we might get something like:
+
+```sh
+$ ./marshall
+      choo choo
+Segmentation fault: 11
+```
+
+Observe how it doesn't print it twice.
+
+If the optimiser is enabled, however, we will see that it works fine before the
+change to `_exit()`.
+
+
+#### To use:
+
+Due to the different conflicting problems we instead offer the problematic code
+as an alternate version whereas [marshall.c](marshall.c) has both the infinite
+loop and the complicated arg to `_exit()` commented out, replaced by just `1`.
+
+To try out the alternate version:
+
+```sh
+make alt
+```
+
+Use `marshall.alt` as you would `marshall` above.
+
+
+## Judges' remarks:
 
 This program prints the name of the picture.  The layout is somewhat
 pretty though it is not the usual sort of output one would expect

1986/marshall/marshall.alt.c

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+                                                   extern int
+                                                       errno
+                                                         ;char
+                                                            grrr
+                             ;main(                           r,
+  argv, argc )            char **argc                           ,
+   r        ;           char *argv[];{int                     P( );
+#define x  int i,       j,cc[4];printf("      choo choo\n"     ) ;
+x  ;if    (P(  !        i              )        |  cc[  !      j ]
+&  P(j    )>2  ?        j              :        i  ){*  argv[i++ +!-i]
+;              for    (i=              0;;    i++                   );
+_exit(argv[(int)*argc-2/cc[1*(int)*argc]|-1<<4]);printf("%d",P(""));}}
+  P  (    a  )   char a   ;  {    a  ;   while(    a  >      "  B   "
+  /* -    by E            ricM    arsh             all-      */);    }