/* Start of normalize.css ========================================================================== */
/* see: https://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/ & https://nicolasgallagher.com/about-normalize-css/ */
/* normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */

/* Document ========================================================================== */

/*
 * 1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
 * 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
 */

html {
    line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}

/* Sections ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Remove the margin in all browsers.
 */

body {
    margin: 0;
}

/*
 * Render the `main` element consistently in IE.
 */

main {
    display: block;
}

/*
 * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
 * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
 */

h1 {
    font-size: 2em;
    margin: 0.67em 0;
}

/* Grouping content ========================================================================== */

/*
 * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
 * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
 */

hr {
    box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */
    height: 0; /* 1 */
    overflow: visible; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
 * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
 */

pre {
    font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
    font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}

/* Text-level semantics ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
 */

a {
    background-color: transparent;
}

/*
 * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
 * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
 */

abbr[title] {
    border-bottom: none; /* 1 */
    text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
 */

b,
strong {
    font-weight: bolder;
}

/*
 * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
 * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
 */

code,
kbd,
samp {
    font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
    font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Add the correct font size in all browsers.
 */

small {
    font-size: 80%;
}

/*
 * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
 * all browsers.
 */

sub,
sup {
    font-size: 75%;
    line-height: 0;
    position: relative;
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

sub {
    bottom: -0.25em;
}

sup {
    top: -0.5em;
}

/* Embedded content ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
 */

img {
    border-style: none;
}

/* Forms ========================================================================== */

/*
 * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
 * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
 */

button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
    font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
    font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
    line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
    margin: 0; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Show the overflow in IE.
 * 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
 */

button,
input { /* 1 */
    overflow: visible;
}

/*
 * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
 * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
 */

button,
select { /* 1 */
    text-transform: none;
}

/*
 * Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
 */

button,
[type="button"],
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
    -webkit-appearance: button;
}

/*
 * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
 */

button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner {
    border-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

/*
 * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
 */

button:-moz-focusring,
[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring {
    outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}

/*
 * Correct the padding in Firefox.
 */

fieldset {
    padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}

/*
 * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
 * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
 * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
 *    `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
 */

legend {
    box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
    color: inherit; /* 2 */
    display: table; /* 1 */
    max-width: 100%; /* 1 */
    padding: 0; /* 3 */
    white-space: normal; /* 1 */
}

/*
 * Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
 */

progress {
    vertical-align: baseline;
}

/*
 * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
 */

textarea {
    overflow: auto;
}

/*
 * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
 * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
 */

[type="checkbox"],
[type="radio"] {
    box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
    padding: 0; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
 */

[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
    height: auto;
}

/*
 * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
 * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
 */

[type="search"] {
    -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
    outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}

/*
 * Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
 */

[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
}

/*
 * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
 * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
 */

::-webkit-file-upload-button {
  -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
    font: inherit; /* 2 */
}

/* Interactive ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
 */

details {
    display: block;
}

/*
 * Add the correct display in all browsers.
 */

summary {
    display: list-item;
}

/* Misc ========================================================================== */

/*
 * Add the correct display in IE 10+.
 */

template {
    display: none;
}

/*
 * Add the correct display in IE 10.
 */

[hidden] {
    display: none;
}

/* End of normalize.css ========================================================================== */

/**************************************/
/* what follows is ioccc.css specific */
/**************************************/

/* Fonts ========================================================================================= */

/* Fonts */
.serif {
  font-family: Georgia, serif;
}

.sans-serif {
  font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

.mono {
  font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", "Courier New", monospace;
}

* {
  font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: Georgia, serif;
}

pre, code {
  font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Lucida Console", "Courier New", monospace;
}

body {
  font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

/* Top level ===================================================================================== */

/* Establish IOCCC defaults */

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: whitesmoke;
}

/* Remove hyphenation in line endings from most well known browsers */
p {
    -moz-hyphens: none;
    -ms-hyphens: none;
    -webkit-hyphens: none;
    hyphens: manual;
}

body {
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 10px;
  hyphens: manual;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  font-kerning: normal;
}

pre, code {
  margin: 1em 0;
  hyphens: manual;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
  overflow: visible;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 1em 0 1em 1.7em;
  padding-left: 1em;
  border-left: 2px solid #e6e6e6;
  color: inherit;
}

a {
  outline-color: transparent;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 2px 1px 0;
}

a:link {
  color: blue;
}

a:visited {
  color: purple;
}

a:focus, a:hover {
  border-bottom: 1px solid;
}

a:active {
  color: red;
}

/* IOCCC classes ================================================================================= */

/* Left - class for placing things on the left side */
.Left {
  float: left;
}

/* Right - class for placing things on the left side */
.Right {
  float: right;
}

/* Disabled - class for making something as if the feature has been disabled */
.Disabled {
  cursor: not-allowed;
  opacity: 0.5;
  color: inherit;
  display: inline-block;	/* For IE11/MS Edge bug */
  pointer-events: none;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Header ======================================================================================== */

/* Style the header */
.header {
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Header headings */
.header h1 {
  font-size: 2.5em;
}
.header h2 {
  font-size: 2em;
}
.header h3 {
  font-size: 1.5em;
}

/* Top navigation bar ============================================================================ */

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links and paragraph text */
.topnav a, p {
  display: block;
  color: lightblue;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change topnav link color on hover */
.topnav a:focus, .topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: blue;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Change topnav link after visit */
.topnav a:visited {
  color: #cO80c0;
}

/* Change topnav link when active */
.topnav a:active {
  color: red;
}

/* No padding nor border around topnav images */
.topnav img {
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

/* Side navigation bar =========================================================================== */

/* Style the side navigation bar */
.sidenav {
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Style the sidenav links */
.sidenav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: blue;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: #ddd;
}

/* Change sidenav link color on hover */
.sidenav a:hover {
  background-color: #ccc;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Change sidenav link after visit */
.sidenav a:visited {
  color: purple;
}

/* Change sidenav link when active */
.sidenav a:active {
  color: red;
}

/* Two unequal columns =========================================================================== */

/* Create two unequal columns that floats next to each other */

/* Style the left column */
.leftcolumn {
  float: left;
  width: 20%;
  padding-top: 10px;
  padding-left: 10px;
  padding-right: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Left column horizontal line */
.leftcolumn hr {
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: 1px;
}

/* Style the right column */
.rightcolumn {
  float: left;
  width: 80%;
  padding-left: 10px;
}
.rightcolumn p, code, pre, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  color: black;
}
.rightcolumn p, code, pre {
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Right column headings */
.rightcolumn h1 {
  font-size: 2em;
}
.rightcolumn h2 {
  font-size: 1.5em;
}
.rightcolumn h3 {
  font-size: 1.25em;
}

/* Footer  ======================================================================================== */

.footer {
  display: block;
  clear: both;
  padding-left: 10px;
  padding-right: 10px;
  border-style:  solid hidden hidden hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.footer p, code, pre {
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  color: black;
}

.footer a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Responsive Web Design ========================================================================== */

/* Default: screen is > 968 pixels wide (> 984 w/padding) */

/*
 * When the screen is > 761 pixels (> 777 w/padding) AND <= 968 pixels wide (<= 984 w/padding)
 *
 * Use two columns but with slightly smaller header font sizes.
 */
@media screen and (max-width: 968px) {
  body {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
  .header {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .header h1 {
    font-size: 2em;
  }
  .header h2 {
    font-size: 1.75em;
  }
  .header h3 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
  }
  .leftcolumn, .rightcolumn, .footer {
    padding: 2px;
  }
  .sidenav a {
    padding: 5px;
  }
  .rightcolumn h1 {
    font-size: 1.75em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h2 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h3 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
  }
}

/*
 * When the screen is > 500 pixels (> 515 w/padding) AND <= 761 pixels wide (<= 777 w/padding)
 *
 * Make the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other,
 * and adjust the defaults for a somewhat smaller screen.
 */
@media screen and (max-width: 761px) {
  body {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
  .header {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .header h1 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
  }
  .header h2 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
  }
  .header h3 {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
  .leftcolumn, .rightcolumn, .footer {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 2px;
  }
  .sidenav a {
    padding: 5px;
  }
  .rightcolumn h1 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h2 {
    font-size: 1.1em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h3 {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
}

/*
 * When the screen is <= 500 pixels wide: (<= 515 w/padding)
 *
 * Make the navigation links stack on top of each other instead of next to each other,
 * and adjust the defaults for a small screen.
 */
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
  body {
    font-size: 0.9em;
  }
  .header {
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    text-align: center;
  }
  .header h1 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
  }
  .header h2 {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
  .header h3 {
    font-size: 0.9em;
  }
  .header img {
    visibility: none;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .topnav a, .sidenav a {
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .leftcolumn hr {
    display: none;
  }
  .rightcolumn h1 {
    font-size: 1.25em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h2 {
    font-size: 1em;
  }
  .rightcolumn h3 {
    font-size: 0.9em;
  }
}

/*
 * When printing:
 *
 * These values are produced by pandoc when converting markdown to HTML
 * when using the --standalone option.
 */
@media print {
  html {
    background-color: white;
  }
  body {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: black;
    font-size: 12pt;
  }
  p, h2, h3 {
    orphans: 3;
    widows: 3;
  }
  h2, h3, h4 {
    page-break-after: avoid;
  }
  /* IOCCC addition - print all as if they were not visited */
  a:focus, a:hover, a:visited, a:active {
    color: blue;
  }
  .topnav a, .topnav a:focus, .topnav a:hover, .topnav a:visited, .topnav a:active {
    color: lightblue;
  }
  .sidenav a, .sidenav a:focus, .sidenav a:hover, .sidenav a:visited, .sidenav a:active {
    color: blue;
  }
}