The navigation bar for a winning entry now has a "_Original C_" link
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may easily view the original C code that was submitted for IOCCC judging.
Ran `make www timestamp` to perform the above.
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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>1992/vern - Best of Show</h2>
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<h3>plays chess</h3>
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</div>
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<div class="navbar">
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<a class="Left" href="../nathan/index.html">← 1992/nathan</a>
|
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 1992 ↑</a>
|
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<a class="Left" href="../westley/index.html">1992/westley →</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/vern.c">C code</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/vern.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F1992%2Fvern%2Findex.html">✓</a>
|
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Vern_Paxson">Vern Paxson</a><br>
|
||
Location: <a href="../../location.html#US">US</a> - <em>United States of America</em> (<em>United States</em>)</li>
|
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<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 1992/vern/README.md -->
|
||
<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> make all</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
|
||
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#1992_vern">1992/vern in bugs.html</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> ./vern 3 # <-- default is 2</code></pre>
|
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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||
<p>You might start off by giving the following input:</p>
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<pre><code> 63 43
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76 55
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71 52
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67 57 # <-- this may take a while</code></pre>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>The judges assume no responsibility for the obfuscated opening
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suggested above. :-)</p>
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<p>For a real quick game try:</p>
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<pre><code> ./vern
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65 55
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66 46</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Move values must be restricted to the range 00 to 77.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Because some mailers have problems with the original winning source,
|
||
a slightly modified version with shorter lines has been provided.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>This program plays chess. You play the white pieces and the program the black
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pieces. Moves are entered as a two-digit number specifying the coordinates of
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the piece to be moved followed by another two-digit number specifying the
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||
coordinates of where to move it. Rows and columns are numbered starting with
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<code>(0,0)</code> for the upper-left-hand corner (black’s queen’s rook) and going to
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||
<code>(7,7)</code> for the lower-right-hand corner (white’s king’s rook). For example, the
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<code>PK4</code> opening for white is indicated as <code>"64 44" (without the quotes)</code>. Moves
|
||
are read using <code>scanf()</code> so care should be taken to not enter the wrong number
|
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of fields.</p>
|
||
<p>If the move you enter is illegal then you are just prompted again to
|
||
move. If the move is legal then the new position is displayed and the
|
||
program starts computing its response. For every 64 board positions it
|
||
examines a “.” is printed. Once it has chosen its move it simply
|
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displays the board updated to reflect the move.</p>
|
||
<p>Your move is prompted for using a string like <code>"1351 9 2 >"</code>. The first
|
||
number is how many board positions the program examined when computing
|
||
its previous response. The second number is its anticipated value for
|
||
the move it just made (with larger numbers meaning an ultimately better
|
||
board position for it), and the third number is the evaluation it
|
||
assigns to the your current position (larger numbers meaning better
|
||
positions for you). A <code>></code> indicates that you are not in check; for
|
||
check it is changed to <code>!</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>There are a few limitations on play:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>castling can only be done on the king’s side.</li>
|
||
<li>prohibitions against castling out of or through check are not enforced.</li>
|
||
<li>prohibitions against castling if the king or rook have moved are not enforced.</li>
|
||
<li>pawns are always promoted to queens.</li>
|
||
<li>en passant is not allowed.</li>
|
||
<li>the board-position-repeated-three-times and fifty-moves stalemates are not
|
||
recognized.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>If you checkmate the computer it prints “Rats!” and exits. If your own
|
||
checkmate is imminent it prints “Har har.” but doesn’t exit so it can
|
||
rub your nose in defeat (which may be a move or two away if you’re
|
||
playing at a high “ply” - see the next paragraph). Stalemates are not
|
||
recognized per se, but when selecting its move the program assigns a
|
||
stalemate position a value of 0 so it will try for a stalemate if its
|
||
other options are worse.</p>
|
||
<p>The program takes one optional argument indicating the ply (lookahead) it should
|
||
use. The default is 2, which is enough to keep it from making flaming blunders.
|
||
The higher the ply, the better the play, and the longer you have to wait. For
|
||
example, at a ply of 2, a response to the <code>PK4</code> opening takes about 1.8 CPU
|
||
seconds on a SPARC ELC when compiled <code>-O</code> with Sun <code>cc</code>. A ply of 3 takes 13
|
||
CPU seconds (and results in a different response to <code>PK4</code>) and a ply of 4 takes
|
||
a little under 4 CPU minutes (and for <code>PK4</code> comes up with the same response as a
|
||
ply of 3). A ply of 3 is in general good enough to avoid not only flaming
|
||
blunders but also immediately stupid moves altogether. A ply of 4 will find all
|
||
mate-in-two’s.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="notice-to-those-who-wish-for-a-greater-challenge">NOTICE to those who wish for a greater challenge:</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>If you want a greater challenge, don’t read any further</strong>:
|
||
just try to understand the program via the source.</p>
|
||
<p>If you get stuck, come back and read below for additional hints and information.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation</h3>
|
||
<p>This program is obfuscated in a number of ways. First, it abuses the
|
||
contest rule regarding <code>;</code>, <code>{</code>, and <code>}</code> in the source not counting
|
||
against the non-whitespace character limit if followed by whitespace.
|
||
As can be seen from the build file, certain combinations of these
|
||
characters followed by a particular whitespace character are expanded
|
||
at build time into much-needed text. Without this hack the program
|
||
wouldn’t pass the character limit. A nice side effect is that the
|
||
initial source is gloriously difficult to peruse. In particular, the Makefile
|
||
does:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> sed <vern.c 's/{ /(/g;s/} /)/g;s/; /#define /' |
|
||
sed 's/} /=/g;s/{ /i/g' >vern.tmp.c</code></pre>
|
||
<p>and compiles <code>vern.tmp.c</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Second, the rather ho-hum step has been taking of naming each variable
|
||
with a one or two letter identifier to render it meaningless (and save
|
||
space). This tactic is rather effective in a complex program.</p>
|
||
<p>Third, the board is represented not as an array of pieces but rather as
|
||
an array of function pointers (with a separate array representing
|
||
whether a piece is white or black). This obfuscates the program’s
|
||
central data structure. There is one function per type of piece; when
|
||
called they return 1 if the current move is illegal for that piece and
|
||
0 if it is legal. The functions also as a side effect set a global
|
||
indicating the type of the piece (though the type can also be determined
|
||
by comparing the function pointer with the function itself).</p>
|
||
<p>Fourth, there are no independent routines for generating potential moves.
|
||
Instead, the program generates its moves by brute force: for every piece it
|
||
controls on the board, it attempts to move it to every square on the board.
|
||
Those moves that are legal it then explores to see their effects, using
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-beta_pruning">alpha-beta search</a>. This
|
||
tactic somewhat obfuscates the algorithm used by the program.</p>
|
||
<p>Finally, there are three key constants that occur throughout the program: <code>64</code>,
|
||
<code>8</code>, and <code>3</code> (<code>lg 8</code>). Rather than making these available at compile-time,
|
||
which provides a hint as to what the program is up to, they are computed
|
||
probabilistically at run-time. An instance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewal_theory#Inspection_paradox">“Inspection
|
||
Paradox”</a> is
|
||
used which happens to produce a value that on average is close to <code>64</code>.</p>
|
||
<p><code>10000</code> instances of this value are computed, added up, and then divided by
|
||
<code>100</code>. Sometimes the value produced will be <code>63</code> or <code>65</code> instead of <code>64</code> (but
|
||
I’ve never observed any other values), so the result is then rounded to the
|
||
nearest multiple of <code>4</code>, and then the other constants are derived from it.</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
<!-- AFTER: last line of markdown file: 1992/vern/README.md -->
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-1992vern">Inventory for 1992/vern</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/vern.c">vern.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/vern.orig.c">vern.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="1992_vern.tar.bz2">1992_vern.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1992/vern/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
|
||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/footer.inventory.html -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F1992%2Fvern%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
|
||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
|
||
</p>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
|
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</html>
|
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