The navigation bar for a winning entry now has a "_Original C_" link
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width=300
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</a>
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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2011/hamaji - Best solved puzzle</h2>
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<h3>Paint by number puzzle</h3>
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</div>
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<div class="navbar">
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<a class="Left" href="../goren/index.html">← 2011/goren</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 2011 ↑</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../hou/index.html">2011/hou →</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/hamaji.c">C code</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
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|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/hamaji.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2011%2Fhamaji%2Findex.html">✓</a>
|
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<div id="author">
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<h2 id="authors">Authors:</h2>
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||
</div>
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||
<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Bsoup">bsoup</a><br>
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#JP">JP</a> - <em>Japan</em>
|
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<br><br></li>
|
||
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Shinichiro_Hamaji">Shinichiro Hamaji</a><br>
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#JP">JP</a> - <em>Japan</em></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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||
<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 2011/hamaji/README.md -->
|
||
<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
|
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<pre><code> ./hamaji < a_nonogram_file</code></pre>
|
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<p>If you have perl installed you should be able to reproduce
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||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/dragon.nono">dragon.nono</a> like:</p>
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<pre><code> perl c2nono.pl hamaji.c | ./hamaji</code></pre>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
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<p>This program solves <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonogram">Nonograms</a> which is
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also known as “Paint by Numbers”.</p>
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<p>This entry roars as the Year of the Dragon: A year considered
|
||
by some to be good luck. Well it was certainly true that the
|
||
IOCCC was lucky to get such a fine submission!</p>
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||
<p>The source code is a solution to a Paint by Numbers puzzle when you
|
||
paint by C. Try your hand at solving a few of the other <code>.nono</code>
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files and then compare your solution with this program!</p>
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<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: NONOGRAM (r) is a registered Trademark and is used with permission. See
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<a href="https://nonogram.com" class="uri">https://nonogram.com</a> for more information.</p>
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<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
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<p>The format of the input files are as same as this site:
|
||
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218055139/http://codegolf.com/paint-by-numbers" class="uri">https://web.archive.org/web/20130218055139/http://codegolf.com/paint-by-numbers</a>.</p>
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||
<p>For example, for a simple problem which shows a glider of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life">Conway’s
|
||
Game of Life</a>:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 1
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.
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112
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1 X
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1 X
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3 XXX</code></pre>
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||
<p>the input should be</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 1
|
||
1
|
||
3
|
||
-
|
||
1
|
||
1.1
|
||
2</code></pre>
|
||
<p>The width and the height of an input puzzle should be less than or
|
||
equal to 60.</p>
|
||
<p>When this solver finds the problem has no solution, it prints “<code>invalid</code>”.
|
||
This means the problem is indeed broken. For example, this happens for
|
||
an input like</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 2
|
||
-
|
||
2</code></pre>
|
||
<p>When this solver cannot find a solution, it prints “<code>failed</code>”. This
|
||
failure can happen when the problem has more than one solution or the
|
||
solver cannot solve the input problem. Here is an example input of the
|
||
former:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 1
|
||
1
|
||
-
|
||
1
|
||
1</code></pre>
|
||
<p>There are two solutions:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 11
|
||
|
||
1 X
|
||
1 X</code></pre>
|
||
<p>and</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 11
|
||
|
||
1 X
|
||
1 X</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="detail">Detail</h3>
|
||
<p>Solving Nonogram is
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-completeness">NP-complete</a>, so we cannot make
|
||
a solver which solves all puzzles. However, we can write a solver which solves
|
||
most problems solvable by humans. There are a bunch of ways to write such
|
||
programs. The two most obvious approaches are:</p>
|
||
<ol type="1">
|
||
<li>Check all possible solutions with backtracking.</li>
|
||
<li>Implement all techniques which humans use.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>The former, brute-force approach is easy to implement. However, it
|
||
works only for smaller problems (width and height should be at most 30
|
||
or so). Similarly, using generic probabilistic
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaheuristic">metaheuristics</a> such as
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated_annealing">simulated annealing</a> doesn’t
|
||
work for big problems.</p>
|
||
<p>See: <a href="http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/community/Nonogram" class="uri">http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/community/Nonogram</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>By its definition, the latter method works for all human-solvable
|
||
problems. The issue of the latter approach is this kind of program
|
||
tends to be lengthy. This approach still requires some
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion">recursions</a>. The
|
||
most difficult problems which are considered human-solvable may
|
||
require some “guesses”. For these kinds of problems, we need to assume a
|
||
cell is a space or a box, go ahead some steps with simple methods and
|
||
mark the tried cell as a box (or a space if we assumed the tried cell
|
||
is a box) if a contradiction is found.</p>
|
||
<p>My program uses an approach like “Set based solver” introduced in
|
||
<a href="https://wiki.haskell.org/Nonogram#Set_based_solver" class="uri">https://wiki.haskell.org/Nonogram#Set_based_solver</a>. This should be equivalent
|
||
to the combinations of simple methods (no advanced reasoning with guess). My
|
||
solver also runs a non-recursive guess for each undetermined cells. So, my
|
||
program should be able to solve most human-solvable problems (assuming humans
|
||
cannot execute deeper recursions).</p>
|
||
<h3 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation</h3>
|
||
<p>First of all, as you see, my program looks like a nonogram puzzle which results
|
||
in a <a href="https://www.draconika.com/what">dragon</a>. This puzzle is
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/dragon.nono">dragon.nono</a> in this directory. Note that whitespaces in character
|
||
literals, a string literal, and around the last comment are considered as a
|
||
boxed cell.</p>
|
||
<p>My program is based on bit operations for speed. Many values are
|
||
stored using negative logic (0 means on and 1 means off) to utilize
|
||
the initial value of global variables. Thus, it might be difficult to
|
||
figure out how it works.</p>
|
||
<p>My program is decently shortened, because the size of source code is
|
||
limited by IOCCC’s rule (2048 non-whitespace characters) and a lot of
|
||
characters are just wasted for numbers around the picture.</p>
|
||
<p>The three requirements (dragon, speed, and size) naturally ended up
|
||
with the well obfuscated code.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="portability">Portability</h3>
|
||
<p>This program uses two C99 features. One line comments and <code>long long</code>.
|
||
GCC’s <code>-ansi -pedantic</code> check should pass:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> cc -ansi -pedantic -std=c99 hamaji.c</code></pre>
|
||
<p>I checked my program with gcc-4.6.2 on linux, llvm-gcc-4.2 on Mac, and
|
||
clang-3.0 on Mac.</p>
|
||
<p>Note that the behavior of <code>scanf(3)</code> differs on linux and mac, but this
|
||
program supports both semantics.</p>
|
||
<p>This program should not depend on <code>sizeof(int)</code>, <code>sizeof(void*)</code>, ASCII,
|
||
memory layout, undefined evaluation order (e.g., <code>a[i++]=i</code>), etc.
|
||
This program won’t work if the size of <code>long long</code> literal is less than 8.
|
||
By grepping the source code of gcc</p>
|
||
<pre><code> grep LONG_LONG_TYPE_SIZE gcc/config/*/*</code></pre>
|
||
<p>I found long long may be 32bit integers only on AVR.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="a-few-more-things">A few more things</h3>
|
||
<p>This code is considered as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_New_Year#Postcards">new year’s postcard in
|
||
Japan</a>. We chose
|
||
the dragon because 2012 is the <a href="https://japanesezodiac.com/japanese-year-of-the-dragon">year of
|
||
dragon</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The second author wrote the picture, and the first author did
|
||
everything else.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/dragon.nono">dragon.nono</a>, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/samurai.nono">samurai.nono</a>, and
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/penguin.nono">penguin.nono</a> were written by the
|
||
second author. The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/soccer.nono">soccer.nono</a> was from a wikipedia entry. This file
|
||
is important because it requires some guesses. The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/random.nono">random.nono</a> file
|
||
was randomly generated. The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/codegolf.nono">codegolf.nono</a> and
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/face.nono">face.nono</a> were taken from
|
||
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218055139/http://codegolf.com/paint-by-numbers" class="uri">https://web.archive.org/web/20130218055139/http://codegolf.com/paint-by-numbers</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>You can reproduce <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/dragon.nono">dragon.nono</a> from <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/hamaji.c">hamaji.c</a> using
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/c2nono.pl">c2nono.pl</a>:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> perl c2nono.pl hamaji.c | ./hamaji</code></pre>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2011hamaji">Inventory for 2011/hamaji</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/hamaji.c">hamaji.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/hamaji.orig.c">hamaji.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/c2nono.pl">c2nono.pl</a> - perl script to reproduce dragon.nono</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/codegolf.nono">codegolf.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/conway-game-of-life.nono">conway-game-of-life.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/dragon.nono">dragon.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/face.nono">face.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/multi-solutions.nono">multi-solutions.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/no-solution.nono">no-solution.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/penguin.nono">penguin.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/plus.nono">plus.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/random.nono">random.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/samurai.nono">samurai.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/smiley.nono">smiley.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/soccer.nono">soccer.nono</a> - nonogram input data</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2011_hamaji.tar.bz2">2011_hamaji.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2011/hamaji/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
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</h4>
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<!--
|
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|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
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||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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|
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For more information, see:
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|
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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-->
|
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<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
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<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
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rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
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style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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src="../../png/cc.png"
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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src="../../png/by.png"
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alt="person inside circle symbol">
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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You should <b>carefully review</b> the
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rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
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||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
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<b><a href="../../license.html"
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||
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rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
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of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
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||
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||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2011%2Fhamaji%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
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