The navigation bar for a winning entry now has a "_Original C_" link
(between the ✅ and the Inventory on the right hand side) so that one
may easily view the original C code that was submitted for IOCCC judging.
Ran `make www timestamp` to perform the above.
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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2018/ciura - Most likely to be awarded</h2>
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<h3>Strunk and White checker</h3>
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<a class="Left" href="../burton2/index.html">← 2018/burton2</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../endoh1/index.html">2018/endoh1 →</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.c">C code</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2018%2Fciura%2Findex.html">✓</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Marcin_Ciura">Marcin Ciura</a><br>
|
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#PL">PL</a> - <em>Republic of Poland</em> (<em>Poland</em>)</li>
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<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 2018/ciura/README.md -->
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
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||
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
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<p>There is an alternate version that lacks a useful bug fix. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate
|
||
code</a> and the author’s remarks’ <a href="#remarks">remarks section</a>,
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||
below for more details.</p>
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||
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./prog < file</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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||
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
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<p>An alternate version of this entry, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>, is provided. As
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mentioned in the author’s <a href="#remarks">remarks</a>, the alternate version lacks a
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useful bug fix.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
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<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
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<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
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<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code> above.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
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<pre><code> ./try.alt.sh</code></pre>
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<p>Do you spot the fix by running both <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/try.sh">try.sh</a> and
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<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a>?</p>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
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<p>This text was processed by <code>prog</code>. You may get confused. We’re not really sure:
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||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> wasn’t commented. Who has been thoroughly puzzled by <code>prog</code>?
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Also how obfuscated is <code>prog</code>? Having been written in C, how large of a
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||
vocabulary has it?</p>
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<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="the-program">The Program:</h3>
|
||
<p>“The Elements of Style” by Prof. William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White
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is well known for its dislike of the passive voice. Direct, vigorous,
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||
active constructions were instead recommended by the authors.
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||
The development of this program has been driven by this tenet.</p>
|
||
<p>Only passive sentences from the standard input are output. The offending
|
||
part(s) of each sentence will be highlighted. Several kinds of passive
|
||
constructions are recognized:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Plain passive voice.
|
||
Foo was bazzed by bar.</li>
|
||
<li>Passive voice with “get”.
|
||
I got almost quuxed.</li>
|
||
<li>Contractions.
|
||
I’m not really quuxed: foo wasn’t bazzed.</li>
|
||
<li>Questions.
|
||
Who has been quuxed? Was foo indeed bazzed? How was it bazzed?</li>
|
||
<li>Clause-initial inversion.
|
||
Also bazzed is bar.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Sentences are never broken by periods that follow abbreviations and
|
||
initials. Both regular and irregular past participles are properly
|
||
dealt with. Note that some words are red herrings: even though their
|
||
ending is <code>-ed</code>, they are not past participles.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="the-big-string">The Big String:</h3>
|
||
<p>Here is the purpose of every byte inside the <code>c[]</code> string:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>0-9</code>: highlighting passive constructions in the output.</li>
|
||
<li><code>10-50</code>: classifying characters - called by <code>V(4)</code>.</li>
|
||
<li><code>52</code>: outputting the newline character.</li>
|
||
<li><code>51-187</code>: tokenizing text and detecting passive constructions - two type A
|
||
state machines, called by <code>V(2)</code> and <code>V(3)</code>.</li>
|
||
<li><code>186-2786</code>: determining word categories (past participles, present simple and
|
||
past simple forms of “to be”, other forms of “to be”, adverbs, wh-words, and
|
||
other words) and recognizing abbreviations - two type B state machines, called
|
||
by <code>V(808)</code> and <code>V(205)</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="the-state-machines">The State Machines:</h3>
|
||
<p>I heard you don’t like state machines so I put a state machine in your
|
||
state machine so you can reject this entry while you reject this entry.</p>
|
||
<p>Both types of state machines in the program are Mealy machines: we can
|
||
think of their transitions as triples (<code>transition_label</code>,
|
||
<code>next_state</code>, <code>output</code>).</p>
|
||
<h3 id="type-a">Type A:</h3>
|
||
<p>A state of type A state machine consists of eight transitions whose
|
||
representations occupy consecutive bytes. The byte
|
||
<code>c[3 + 8*state + transition_label]</code> contains
|
||
<code>(unsigned char)(30 + 5*next_state + output)</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>The <code>transition_label</code> is either one of character classes:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>nil</code> = 0,</li>
|
||
<li><code>space</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>new_line</code> = 2,</li>
|
||
<li><code>uppercase</code> = 3,</li>
|
||
<li><code>lowercase</code> = 4,</li>
|
||
<li><code>period</code> = 5,</li>
|
||
<li><code>bang_question</code> = 6,</li>
|
||
<li><code>punctuation</code> = 7,</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>or one of word classes:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>adverb</code> = 0,</li>
|
||
<li><code>other</code> = 2,</li>
|
||
<li><code>past_participle</code> = 3,</li>
|
||
<li><code>to_be</code> = 4,</li>
|
||
<li><code>are_were</code> = 5,</li>
|
||
<li><code>wh_word</code> = 6 (cf. the <code>output</code> of type B state machines).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The <code>output</code> is either one of:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>end_of_text</code> = 0,</li>
|
||
<li><code>sentence_start</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>sentence_end</code> = 2,</li>
|
||
<li><code>token_end</code> = 3,</li>
|
||
<li><code>ignore</code> = 4,</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>or one of</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>passive_construction_start</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>ignore</code> = 2,</li>
|
||
<li><code>passive_construction_end</code> = 3.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Type A state machines run continuously. Their state is kept in
|
||
<code>k[2]</code> and <code>k[3]</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Below are sample steps of scanning a sequence of characters with
|
||
classes <code>uppercase</code>, <code>lowercase</code>, <code>period</code>, <code>space</code>,
|
||
and <code>uppercase</code>.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 7, <code>transition_label</code> = 3 (<code>uppercase</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>sentence_start</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 14, <code>transition_label</code> = 4 (<code>lowercase</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 15, <code>transition_label</code> = 5 (<code>period</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>token_end</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 13, <code>transition_label</code> = 1 (<code>space</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>token_end</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 18, <code>transition_label</code> = 3 (<code>uppercase</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>sentence_end</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>And here are sample steps of scanning tokens with classes <code>to_be</code>,
|
||
<code>adverb</code>, <code>past_participle</code>.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 8, <code>transition_label</code> = 4 (<code>to_be</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>passive_construction_start</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 22, <code>transition_label</code> = 0 (<code>adverb</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 22, <code>transition_label</code> = 3 (<code>past_participle</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>passive_construction_end</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="type-b">Type B:</h3>
|
||
<p>Type B state machines are built by a variant of the algorithm described
|
||
in the paper
|
||
<a href="lexicon.pdf">How to squeeze a lexicon</a>.
|
||
Their states are represented as interlaced sparse arrays of transitions.</p>
|
||
<p>The <code>transition_label</code> is one of:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>word_start</code> = 0,</li>
|
||
<li><code>period_or_apostrophe</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>a_z_letter</code> = 2..27.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The <code>output</code> is either one of word classes:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>adverb</code> = 0,</li>
|
||
<li><code>ignore</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>other</code> = 2,</li>
|
||
<li><code>past_participle</code> = 3,</li>
|
||
<li><code>to_be</code> = 4,</li>
|
||
<li><code>are_were</code> = 5,</li>
|
||
<li><code>wh_word</code> = 6,</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>or</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>ignore</code> = 1,</li>
|
||
<li><code>abbreviation</code> = 2.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The byte <code>c[186 + (state + transition_label)]</code> = <code>(unsigned char)(2 + transition_label + 28 * output)</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>The byte <code>c[836 + 2*(state + transition_label)]</code> =</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>' '</code> when <code>next_state / 376 == 0</code>,</li>
|
||
<li><code>';'</code> when <code>next_state / 376 == 1</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The byte <code>c[837 + 2*(state + transition_label)]</code> =</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>' '</code> when <code>next_state / 94 % 4 == 0</code>,</li>
|
||
<li><code>';'</code> when <code>next_state / 94 % 4 == 1</code>,</li>
|
||
<li><code>'{'</code> when <code>next_state / 94 % 4 == 2</code>,</li>
|
||
<li><code>'}'</code> when <code>next_state / 94 % 4 == 3</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The byte <code>c[2136 + (state + transition_label)]</code> = <code>(unsigned char)(32 + next_state % 94)</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>A type B state machine starts in a given <code>state</code> with <code>output</code>
|
||
set to <code>ignore</code>. It scans a word backwards, converting character by
|
||
character to <code>transition_label</code>. When it meets <code>word_start</code>, it
|
||
returns, leaving the most recently stored <code>output</code> in <code>v</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>It also returns when
|
||
<code>c[186 + (state + transition_label)] != (unsigned char)(2 + transition_label + 28 * output)</code>,
|
||
i.e. when the <code>transition_label</code> in the byte mismatches the
|
||
<code>transition_label</code> used to compute the index. Otherwise, if the
|
||
<code>output</code> in this byte differs from <code>ignore</code>, the state machine
|
||
stores it in <code>v</code>. Regardless of the value of the <code>output</code>,
|
||
it also assigns <code>next_state</code> to <code>state</code> and proceeds to scan
|
||
the previous character. The state machine that determines the word
|
||
class is set up so that it never returns <code>ignore</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>Below are sample steps of scanning the word “chiefly”.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 623, <code>transition_label</code> = 26 (<code>'y'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>other</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 602, <code>transition_label</code> = 13 (<code>'l'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>adverb</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 594, <code>transition_label</code> = 7 (<code>'f'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>other</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 549, <code>transition_label</code> = 6 (<code>'e'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 543, <code>transition_label</code> = 10 (<code>'i'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>adverb</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 0, <code>transition_label</code> = 9 (<code>'h'</code>) mismatches the value stored
|
||
in the byte. Return <code>adverb</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>And here are sample steps of scanning the string “i.e.”:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 19, <code>transition_label</code> = 1 (<code>'.'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 24, <code>transition_label</code> = 6 (<code>'e'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 3, <code>transition_label</code> = 1 (<code>'.'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 2, <code>transition_label</code> = 10 (<code>'i'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>ignore</code></li>
|
||
<li><code>state</code> = 1, <code>transition_label</code> = 0 (<code>'\0'</code>), <code>output</code> = <code>abbreviation</code>.
|
||
Return <code>abbreviation</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="remarks">Remarks:</h3>
|
||
<p>The judges found a bug in the handling of contractions: <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>
|
||
outputs “foo wasn’<strong>[t bazzed]</strong>”. I fixed the bug in <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a>, making
|
||
it output “foo <strong>[wasn’t bazzed]</strong>” instead, and took the liberty to merge
|
||
one statement into a <code>for</code> loop inside its <code>main()</code> function.</p>
|
||
<p>The program uses a 9,437,187-byte buffer so it probably will not run
|
||
on 16-bit and smaller machines without changing the size of array <code>C[]</code>
|
||
and the expression <code>9<<20</code> inside the call to <code>read(2)</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>I have tested it on:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Linux with gcc version 5.4.0 20160609,</li>
|
||
<li>Linux with clang version 3.4-1ubuntu3,</li>
|
||
<li>OS/X with Apple LLVM version 6.0 (clang-600.0.57).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>For a clean compile under C89 and C90, add <code>-Woverlength-strings</code>
|
||
to <code>CSILENCE</code>.</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
<!-- AFTER: last line of markdown file: 2018/ciura/README.md -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content for HTML phase 21 by: bin/pandoc-wrapper.sh via bin/md2html.sh -->
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2018ciura">Inventory for 2018/ciura</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="lexicon.pdf">lexicon.pdf</a> - How to squeeze a lexicon paper</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a> - script to try alternate code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2018_ciura.tar.bz2">2018_ciura.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2018/ciura/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
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||
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</div>
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||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
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||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
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src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2018%2Fciura%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
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||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
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