The navigation bar for a winning entry now has a "_Original C_" link
(between the ✅ and the Inventory on the right hand side) so that one
may easily view the original C code that was submitted for IOCCC judging.
Ran `make www timestamp` to perform the above.
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<img src="../../png/ioccc.png"
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alt="IOCCC image by Matt Zucker"
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width=300
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height=110>
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</a>
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||
<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2020/otterness - Most percussive</h2>
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<h3>MIDI improver</h3>
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</div>
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<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/header.default.html -->
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<div class="navbar">
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<a class="Left" href="../kurdyukov4/index.html">← 2020/kurdyukov4</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 2020 ↑</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../tsoj/index.html">2020/tsoj →</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/prog.c">C code</a>
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||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/prog.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2020%2Fotterness%2Findex.html">✓</a>
|
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</div>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Nathan_Otterness">Nathan Otterness</a><br>
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#US">US</a> - <em>United States of America</em> (<em>United States</em>)</li>
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<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 2020/otterness/README.md -->
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
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<pre><code> make</code></pre>
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<p>There is an unobfuscated version for those who wish to see the original final
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prior to obfuscation. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a> below.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
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<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
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<blockquote>
|
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<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2020_otterness">2020/otterness in bugs.html</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./prog</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<p>Now play <code>output.mid</code> and <code>output2.mid</code> in an audio player that can play MIDI
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files.</p>
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<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
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<h3 id="notice-to-those-who-wish-for-a-greater-challenge">NOTICE to those who wish for a greater challenge:</h3>
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<p><strong>If you want a greater challenge, don’t check this version</strong>:
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just try to understand the program via the entry source.</p>
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<p>If you get stuck, come back and take a look at the alternate, unobfuscated code,
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described by the author as:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>If you’re curious about the un-obfuscated program that I originally wrote,
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this was the final working version. I tried to keep the functions names and
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comments understandable, but it will make a lot more sense to readers familiar
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with the MIDI “SMF” file format.</p>
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</blockquote>
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||
<p>… at their <a href="https://www.nathanotterness.com/2021/04/obfuscated_c_2020.html">web page about the
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entry</a>.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
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<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
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<pre><code> ./try.alt.sh</code></pre>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
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<p>In an entry that boasts not using literals, one would expect to see
|
||
straightforward ways to produce small integers like <code>!(x^x)<<!(x^x)</code>, etc. but
|
||
this entry is trickier than that. Deciphering what it does, apart from reading
|
||
<code>stdin</code> and writing to <code>stdout</code>, would take a while.</p>
|
||
<p>While doing that, you can be audibly <em>entertained</em> by a sample of its output.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="midi-boots-and-cats">MIDI “boots and cats”</h3>
|
||
<p>This program seeks to automatically “improve” standard MIDI files (.mid) by
|
||
adding an extra track that provides a driving drum beat to bring some
|
||
excitement into boring video-game music rips or classical music sequences that
|
||
otherwise only see the light of day when modern musicians import them into FL
|
||
Studio to copy a few chords.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h4>
|
||
<p>If you’re not using Windows Media Player or already familiar with MIDI files,
|
||
you may need to install some additional software to be able to listen to them.
|
||
For example, on Ubuntu, I was able to play them in VLC after installing
|
||
<code>vlc-plugin-fluidsynth</code> and <code>fluid-soundfont-gm</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>You can obtain MIDIs in many places, but I mostly tested the program using files
|
||
I found <a href="http://www.kunstderfuge.com/beethoven/variae.htm#Symphonies">here</a>.
|
||
However, as discussed under the <a href="#limitations">Limitations</a> section below, not
|
||
all of them work correctly. I will admit to having used
|
||
<code>http://www.kunstderfuge.com/-/midi.asp?file=beethoven/symphony_6_1_(c)cvikl.mid</code>
|
||
for most of my testing, see <a href="cvikl.mid">cvikl.mid</a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="usage">Usage</h3>
|
||
<p>Compile the program using the following command (I tested this using both
|
||
<code>clang</code> and <code>gcc</code>):</p>
|
||
<pre><code> cc -pedantic -Wall -Werror -Wextra -O3 -o prog prog.c</code></pre>
|
||
<p>The program expects a MIDI on <code>stdin</code>, and writes a modified MIDI to <code>stdout</code>:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./prog <input.mid >output.mid</code></pre>
|
||
<p>If the program encounters an error, no output will generally be produced, and
|
||
it will exit with a specific status code. Meanings of the various status codes
|
||
are listed below, under the “Program error codes” heading. On success, the
|
||
program exits with a code of 0.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="limitations">Limitations</h3>
|
||
<ol type="1">
|
||
<li><p>The program does not support MIDI files over 4 MB (specifically, it will
|
||
not take input files larger than <code>2^22 - 1</code> bytes). This is unlikely to be a
|
||
big limitation in practice, since even lengthy MIDIs are rarely over a
|
||
couple hundred KB.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Not all MIDIs set (or <em>correctly</em> set) their timing information, which will
|
||
lead to the tempo of the drum beat not matching the track. This will be
|
||
especially true for “live performance” .mid files.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>There may be some types of MIDI messages that the program is unable to
|
||
correctly parse, but I have rarely seen this in practice. The largest
|
||
cause of program failures, in my experience, has been Limitation 2.</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="notice-to-those-who-wish-for-a-greater-challenge-1">NOTICE to those who wish for a greater challenge:</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>If you want a greater challenge, don’t read any further</strong>:
|
||
just try to understand the program via the source.</p>
|
||
<p>If you get stuck, come back and read below for additional hints and information.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="obfuscation-notes">Obfuscation notes</h4>
|
||
<p>I had one primary goal when writing this program: include no C literals
|
||
whatsoever. The final C file includes no numerical, string, or character
|
||
literals. Instead, all literals have been replaced with a handful of global
|
||
variables, which are occasionally modified throughout the file to prevent
|
||
simple uses of find-and-replace.</p>
|
||
<p>So, in a sense, this obfuscation is simply an intentional use of global
|
||
variables’ classic problem: absolute spaghetti code. The absence of any sort
|
||
of literals has the added benefit of forcing any would-be reader to trace the
|
||
contents of many variables starting from <code>main()</code>, since, without literals, very
|
||
little of the code gives any inherent visual cues as to its purpose.</p>
|
||
<p>I already took the liberty of running <code>prog.c</code> through <code>clang-format</code>, since it
|
||
still fits in the size limit and the formatting of the code was never intended
|
||
to be an obfuscation technique here.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="other-remarks">Other remarks</h4>
|
||
<p>MIDI files are generally divided up into one or more “tracks” that play
|
||
concurrently. While it is easy to find the positions of each of these tracks
|
||
in the file, figuring out the amount of time each track is supposed to play is
|
||
more difficult, and requires parsing every track in its entirety. This means
|
||
that generating a drum beat that covers the entire piece of music requires
|
||
parsing every track (the entire file) in order to determine the longest track.</p>
|
||
<p>Once the program has determined the longest track in the file, it generates a
|
||
new track, containing the simple 4-note percussion sequence, to match the
|
||
length (in beats) of the longest-running track. It appends the new track onto
|
||
the end of the file, taking care to update the file header, as well.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="program-error-codes">Program error codes</h3>
|
||
<p>If the program encounters an error, it will exit with a nonzero code. The error
|
||
codes can be interpreted as follows:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>1</code>: Encountered an invalid MIDI variable-length integer in the input.</li>
|
||
<li><code>2</code>: Attempted to write an invalid MIDI variable-length integer to output.
|
||
(This would be an internal error).</li>
|
||
<li><code>3</code>: Encountered an unsupported MIDI event in the input.</li>
|
||
<li><code>4</code>: Encountered a bad MIDI track header in the input.</li>
|
||
<li><code>5</code>: The input MIDI file uses SMPTE time division, which isn’t supported.</li>
|
||
<li><code>6</code>: Failed allocating a temporary buffer to hold a single copy of our “beat”
|
||
messages.</li>
|
||
<li><code>7</code>: Failed allocating a buffer to hold the new track data.</li>
|
||
<li><code>8</code>: Failed allocating a buffer to hold the input file.</li>
|
||
<li><code>9</code>: The input file was too large.</li>
|
||
<li><code>10</code>: The input file’s MIDI header was incorrect (but this isn’t checked
|
||
very thoroughly).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2020otterness">Inventory for 2020/otterness</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a> - script to try alternate code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - unobfuscated source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="cvikl.mid">cvikl.mid</a> - sample MIDI file</li>
|
||
<li><a href="entertainer.mid">entertainer.mid</a> - sample MIDI file</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2020_otterness.tar.bz2">2020_otterness.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2020/otterness/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
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|
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</div>
|
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|
||
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<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/footer.inventory.html -->
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||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2020%2Fotterness%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
|
||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
|
||
</p>
|
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</div>
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|
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|
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