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Cody Boone Ferguson 3783349379 Manifest updates 
Typo fixes and change 'download entry source' to 'download entry' as
it's the tarball, not the source itself.

Rebuilt .entry.json and index.html files for all entries.
2024-03-29 08:02:01 -07:00

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<title>2015/howe - Most Different</title>
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<div class="header">
<img src="../../png/ioccc.png" alt="IOCCC image by Matt Zucker" width=300 height=110>
<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>2015/howe - Most Different</h2>
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<div class="topnav">
<a class="Left" href="../hou/index.html">&larr; hou</a>
<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2015 &uarr;</a>
<a class="Left" href="../mills1/index.html">mills1 &rarr;</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/2015/howe/prog.c">C code</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/2015/howe/Makefile">Makefile</a>
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<h2 id="author"><a name="author"></a>Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Anthony_C_Howe">Anthony C. Howe</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#CA">CA</a> - <em>Canada</em>
<br><br></li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">make</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>There is an alternate version provided. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a>
below.</p>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./prog</span> file1 file2</span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./prog</span> <span class="at">-d</span> file1 file2</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./try.sh</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
<p>This alternate version does not use a 64-bit FNV hash. This was the original
entry but was changed to be the alt version.</p>
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">make</span> alt</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code> above.</p>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>This is the best use of the FNV that we have seen in the IOCCC so far!
The output, when used without <code>-d</code>, is compatible with POSIX <code>diff(1)</code> and
is suitable for use with <code>patch(1)</code>.</p>
<p>We welcome back Canada to the list of nations from where winning
entries have been submitted.</p>
<p>Is this code a bug or a feature? :-) Or is this an attempt to corrupt the
programming of our youth? Should we heed Kyle’s mom words that she uttered
during a South Park P.T.A. Meeting?</p>
<p>“We must stop dirty (C) language from getting to our children’s ears!”</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOR38552MJA">Blame Canada</a></p>
<p>Or should we teach our youth to understand the intricacies of this code?
Ying Tong Iddle I Po! We suggest you read the source for yourself, which
might be easier than the academic papers it was inspired by.</p>
<p>NOTE: Unlike the original entry source, <a href="prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>,
<a href="prog.c">prog.c</a> uses a
64 bit FNV hash and fixes a function call warning.</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<h3 id="features">Features</h3>
<ul>
<li><p>“An O(NP) Sequence Comparison Algorithm” by Wu, Manber, Myers, Miller.</p></li>
<li><p>Output compatible with <code>patch(1)</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Strokes one of the judge’s ego (I couldn’t email chocolate or curry).</p></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>This is a functioning micro <code>diff(1)</code> tool using an <a href="http://myerslab.mpi-cbg.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/np_diff.pdf">O(NP) algorithm</a>,
compared to the older <a href="http://www.xmailserver.org/diff2.pdf">O(ND) difference algorithm</a> used by some versions
of <code>diff(1)</code>. Its output is based on the default <code>diff(1)</code> output described by POSIX
and <a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/diff.html">the Open Group Base Specifications</a>. The output is suitable for use
with <code>patch(1)</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>-d</code> option simply writes the edit distance between <code>file1</code> and <code>file2</code>.</p>
<h3 id="observations">Observations</h3>
<p>The FNV1a hash is a little slow compared to the trivial hash <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/">GNU
diff</a> uses. I downloaded a plain text
copy of “War And Peace” from <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">Project Gutenberg</a>,
used <a href="makeholes.c">makeholes.c</a> to make 1000 random changes, then profiled and
timed the program verses GNU <code>diff(1)</code>. The bottleneck appears to be in the
file I/O and line hashing with an average +0.05s slower. Using a huge file like
“War And Peace” for testing offsets the <code>diff(1)</code> optimised file I/O.</p>
<p>There is no hash collision checking, partly because FNV1a appears to generate
very <a href="http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/49550/which-hashing-algorithm-is-best-for-uniqueness-and-speed">few collisions</a> and an assumption that localised collisions within
a region of edits are highly unlikely.</p>
<h3 id="support-files">Support Files</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="prog-test.sh">prog-test.sh</a>
Basic test program verifies known test edit distances and <code>patch(1)</code> support.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="avgtime.sh">avgtime.sh</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="makeholes.c">makeholes.c</a>
Random edits (holes) made to a file in-place.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="references">References</h3>
<p>Wu, Manber, Myers, and Miller; August 1989;<br />
“An O(NP) Sequence Comparison Algorithm”;<br />
<a href="http://myerslab.mpi-cbg.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/np_diff.pdf" class="uri">http://myerslab.mpi-cbg.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/np_diff.pdf</a></p>
<p>Fowler, Noll, Vo; 1994<br />
<a href="http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html" class="uri">http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html</a></p>
<p>Fowler, Noll, Vo on Wikipedia<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler%E2%80%93Noll%E2%80%93Vo_hash_function" class="uri">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler%E2%80%93Noll%E2%80%93Vo_hash_function</a></p>
<p>“diff”, The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7<br />
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition<br />
<a href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/diff.html" class="uri">http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/diff.html</a></p>
<p>Eugene W. Myers; “An O(ND) Difference Algorithm and Its Variations”;<br />
Algorithmica, 1986, pages. 251-266<br />
<a href="http://www.xmailserver.org/diff2.pdf" class="uri">http://www.xmailserver.org/diff2.pdf</a></p>
<p>Webb Miller and Eugene W. Myers; “A File Comparison Program”;<br />
Software-Practice And Experience, Vol. 15(11). 1025-1040 (November 1985)<br />
<a href="http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.189.70&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf" class="uri">http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.189.70&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf</a></p>
<p>D.S. Hirschberg, “A linear space algorithm for computing maximal common subsequence problem”;<br />
Comm. of ACM, Vol. 18, June 1975, pages 341-343<br />
<a href="http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~cheung/Courses/323/Syllabus/DynProg/Docs/Hirschberg-LCS-1975.pdf" class="uri">http://www.mathcs.emory.edu/~cheung/Courses/323/Syllabus/DynProg/Docs/Hirschberg-LCS-1975.pdf</a></p>
<p>Which hashing algorithm is best for uniqueness and speed?<br />
<a href="http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/49550/which-hashing-algorithm-is-best-for-uniqueness-and-speed" class="uri">http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/49550/which-hashing-algorithm-is-best-for-uniqueness-and-speed</a></p>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-2015howe"><a name="inventory"></a>Inventory for 2015/howe</h1>
<p><a href="#top">Jump to top</a></p>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - alternative source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/avgtime.sh">avgtime.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/makeholes.c">makeholes.c</a> - add random holes to a file</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/prog-test.sh">prog-test.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/try.sh">try.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/cc.1">cc.1</a> - gcc man page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/spoiler/Makefile">spoiler/Makefile</a> - SPOILER WARNING how to make the spoiler</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/spoiler/err.h">spoiler/err.h</a> - SPOILER WARNING</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/spoiler/prog.c">spoiler/prog.c</a> - SPOILER WARNING</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/war-and-peace.txt">war-and-peace.txt</a> - War and Peace translated to English</li>
<li><a href="2015_howe.tar.bz2">2015_howe.tar.bz2</a> - download entry</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - entry home page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for index.html</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - description of entry in JSON</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/howe/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href=".path">.path</a> - directory path from top directory</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Copyright and CC BY-SA 4.0 License</h2>
<p>This file and web page is:</p>
<blockquote><b>Copyright &copy; 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.</b></p></blockquote>
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<h2>Coda</h2>
<p><a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fioccc-src.github.io%2Ftemp-test-ioccc%2F2015%2Fhowe%2Findex.html">Nu HTML check this web page</a></p>
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