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205fa25cedd798ae1a6d2fb8ddb156004fc84ed5
ioccc/1991/fine/index.html
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Cody Boone Ferguson 205fa25ced Change references of many terms to new names 
This is a HUGE commit and this task is not done. There are still some
changes that might need to be discussed and since so much is done here I
think it's better to let this go through and then make sure everything
is okay. When the remaining references are discussed they can also be
changed.

I did NOT include changes in the tmp/OLD_manifest directory.

Some of the changes in this commit (it might be exhaustive but it might
not be - not sure):

- In the Makefiles the WINNERS was renamed AUTHORS.
- References to winners.html were changed to authors.html.
- The FAQ named anchor 'fix_a_winner' was renamed 'fix_an_entry'.
- The JSON fields (or whatever they're called) 'winner_id' and
'winner_JSON_format_version' were changed so that 'winner' is 'entry'.
- In scripts for entries 'IOCCC winner' was changed to 'IOCCC entry'.
- 'winners_text' is now 'entries_text'. It might be better to be
'entry_text' as it's per entry but this was not noticed at first. Since
this is easy to fix I am holding off on this for the meantime.
- The script tmp/update-manifest.sh now has the commit log messages
changed to the correct terms as well.

The index.html files were updated as well with any of the above
changes.

There are some references that should NOT be updated. Two examples
caught (and maybe more have slipped through that will have to be changed
back): in 1984/anonymous/README.md the author wrote back to Landon after
being told about the famous tattoo and they used the words:

    .. my entry will be the first IOCCC winner ..

but since this comes from the author it should remain so.

The other one is that winners.html should still refer to winners.html as
it informs people that it's been moved to authors.html (it does redirect
too but even so if it was changed it would defeat the purpose of the
message).

With paths like authors.html I tried to copy paste so that hopefully
there are no typos. It is possible that I did not end up doing this with
all but these can be fixed when discovered.
2024-02-13 07:31:36 -08:00

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<!-- !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -->
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<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../ioccc.css">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
<title>1991/fine - Best One Liner</title>
<meta name="description" content="1991 IOCCC entry fine - Best One Liner">
<meta name="keywords" content="IOCCC, 1991, IOCCC 1991, IOCCC entry, fine, Best One Liner">
</head>
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<body>
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<div class="header">
<img src="../../png/ioccc.png" alt="IOCCC image by Matt Zucker" width=300 height=110>
<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>1991/fine - Best One Liner</h2>
</div>
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<div class="topnav">
<a class="Left" href="../dds/index.html">&larr; dds</a>
<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 1991 &uarr;</a>
<a class="Left" href="../rince/index.html">rince &rarr;</a>
<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
</div>
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<div class="leftcolumn">
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<div class="sidenav">
<a href="#content">Jump to contents</a>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="sidenav">
<a href="../../index.html">IOCCC Home</a>
<a href="../../years.html">Winning Entries</a>
<a href="../../authors.html">People who have won</a>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="sidenav">
<a href="../../news.html">IOCCC News</a>
<a href="../../faq.html#submit">How to enter the IOCCC</a>
<a href="../../faq.html">FAQ</a>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="sidenav">
<a href="../../bugs.html">Bugs &amp; (mis)features</a>
<a href="../../faq.html#fix_an_entry">Fixing IOCCC entries</a>
<a href="../../faq.html#fix_web_site">Fixing the web site</a>
<a href="../../faq.html#fix_author">Fixing winner info</a>
<a href="../../thanks-for-help.html">Thanks for the help</a>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="sidenav">
<a href="../../judges.html">The IOCCC Judges</a>
<a href="../../contact.html">Contacting the IOCCC</a>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="sidenav">
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a>
</div>
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<a name="content"></a>
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<h2 id="author"><a name="author"></a>Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Thomas_A_Fine">Thomas A.
Fine</a><br> Location: <a href="../../location.html#US">US</a>
<br><br></li>
</ul>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">make</span> all</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">echo</span> text <span class="kw">|</span> <span class="ex">./fine</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./try.sh</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Make sure that you read the last line backwards! Credit goes to <a
href="/authors.html#Brian_Westley">Merlyn LeRoy (Brian Westley)</a> for
that. See his 22 August 1992 <a
href="https://groups.google.com/g/rec.puzzles/c/z_xVPMRVBtg/m/lyEYSAeBD4gJ">rec.puzzles
post</a>. Some others come from his 1989 entry as well. To those who
have a harder time reading backwards it says:
<code>Gary lent the rug</code>, rotated from
<code>the rug gary lent</code>!</p>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>This filter, 80 chars plus a newline, fits into a single line on most
terminals (unless your terminal has a line wrap mis-feature :-)).</p>
<p>Note in 2023: fixing this entry to work with modern systems increased
the size, originally to 106 characters but it was dropped back down to
80 with clever use of the Makefile.</p>
<p>This entry is likely one of the smallest C implementations of this
filter, excluding programs that resort to command line or include file
tricks.</p>
<p>How does this program work? Which 3 bytes of C code can be changed
into 2 bytes, allowing the program to still work, but also stripping the
high bit off some input?</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<p>The author wishes to thank J Greely for the last 6 bytes.</p>
<p>Here’s about how it does it:</p>
<p>NOTE: Bits are referred to as 76543210, high to low.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Get the character in variable <code>a</code>. Note the fun way we
check for <code>EOF</code>. (thanks J).</p></li>
<li><p>Reverse bit 6, and strip bit 5. Bit 6 determines (mostly) whether
or not this character is a letter. Bit 5 would determine case if we
cared. Assign this value to variable <code>b</code> (We need to save it,
since we need to make 2 comparisons and maybe one operation with this
value). We can’t abuse our first variable, since it saves the bits we’re
changing.</p></li>
<li><p>Check this value to see if it is a letter. It must be non-zero -
if it is zero, then we have either the <code>@</code> (64) or the
<code>`</code> (96). It also must be less than 27 - this checks the
range for letters as well as implicitly checking the value of bit 6 (if
it was originally clear, it is set now, so <code>b</code> would be too
big).</p></li>
<li><p>If it is not a letter, the conditional expression inside of the
<code>putchar()</code> returns the original character (<code>a</code>).
Otherwise, it returns a really messy expression that performs the actual
rotation and fixes the fifth and sixth bits:</p>
<ul>
<li><ol type="A">
<li>Subtract 1, to get into the range 0-25 (for the modulo
operation).</li>
</ol></li>
<li><ol start="2" type="A">
<li>Add 13 to the character. Steps A and B are combined.</li>
</ol></li>
<li><ol start="3" type="A">
<li>Take this modulo 26 to make the addition wrap around.</li>
</ol></li>
<li><ol start="4" type="A">
<li>Fix bits 5 and 6, based on variable <code>a</code>.</li>
</ol></li>
<li><ol start="5" type="A">
<li>Add 1 back in (we took it out in step A.) This is okay to do
<em>after</em> step D, because we know the addition won’t trickle up
past the fourth bit (<code>b</code> would have to be 31 for this to
happen).</li>
</ol></li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
<p>Notice that this implementation operates only on characters with the
high bit clear. The high bit can be ignored without changing the size of
the program. Also, if you know you are only dealing with seven bit data,
the size can be reduced by one byte. These are left as exercises for the
student.</p>
<h2 id="copyright-and-cc-by-sa-4.0-license">Copyright and CC BY-SA 4.0
License:</h2>
<p>This file is Copyright (c) 2023 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights
Reserved. You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of
this license:</p>
<pre><code>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)</code></pre>
<p>For more information, see:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/</p>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-1991fine"><a name="inventory"></a>Inventory for
1991/fine</h1>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - entry home page</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/fine.c">fine.c</a>
- winning source</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/Makefile">Makefile</a>
- entry Makefile</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/fine.orig.c">fine.orig.c</a>
- original source</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/try.sh">try.sh</a>
- how to run</li>
<li><a href="1991_fine.tar.bz2">1991_fine.tar.bz2</a> - download winning
source</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/.entry.json">.entry.json</a>
- description of entry in JSON</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/.gitignore">.gitignore</a>
- list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href=".path">.path</a> - directory path from top directory</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/1991/fine/README.md">README.md</a>
- markdown source for index.html</li>
</ul>
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<div class="footer">
<hr>
<h2>Coda</h2>
<p><a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fioccc-src.github.io%2Ftemp-test-ioccc%2F1991%2Ffine%2Findex.html">Nu HTML check this web page</a></p>
<p><a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a></p>
</div>
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</html>
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