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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>2019/ciura - Most alphabetic</h2>
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<a class="Left" href="../burton/index.html">&larr; burton</a>
<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2019 &uarr;</a>
<a class="Left" href="../diels-grabsch1/index.html">diels-grabsch1 &rarr;</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.c">C code</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Marcin_Ciura">Marcin Ciura</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#PL">PL</a> - <em>Republic of Poland</em> (<em>Poland</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
<p>There is an alternate version available. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a>
below.</p>
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
<pre><code> STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix</code></pre>
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2019_ciura">2019 ciura bugs</a>.</p>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<pre><code> ./getwords.sh en | grep .. | ./prog string</code></pre>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
<p>There is an alternate version of this code that flushes <code>stdout</code> after writing a
newline. See the Author’s remarks for more information.</p>
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code> above.</p>
<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
<pre><code> ./try.alt.sh</code></pre>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>A few letters, one at a time, with no repeats. How many different ways can this
be done?</p>
<p>While a quick brown fox might jump over the lazy dog, it has too many repeat
letters to allow this entry to repeat. It is better that Mr Jock, TV quiz PhD,
bags few lynx.</p>
<p>Speaking of jumping, can you rewrite the code to remove all of the goto jumps in
this code?</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<div id="wit">
<h3 id="what-is-this">What is this?</h3>
</div>
<p>This entry reads from standard input a list of words in any language
written with an alphabet and outputs perfect pangrams composed of these
words. A perfect pangram is a series of words that contains every letter
of the alphabet exactly once.</p>
<h4 id="example-execution">Example execution:</h4>
<pre><code> $ grep .. /usr/share/dict/words | ./prog abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
qualm fjord wiz pyx vs beg kc nth
quartz jinx vs fed kc womb glyph
quid jamb fez vs pyx kc growl nth
quiz fjord pyx vs bag kc mewl nth
quiz fjord pyx vs gab kc mewl nth
quiz fjord pyx vs gem bawl kc nth
quiz fjord pyx vs meg bawl kc nth
quiz fjord vex bawl kc gyp ms nth
quiz jamb flex vs kc gyp word nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc flog drew nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc frog lewd nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc frog weld nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc golf drew nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc grew fold nth
quiz jamb pyx vs kc grow nth fled
quiz jamb pyx vs kc growl fed nth</code></pre>
<p>Rearranging the words into more or less meaningful expressions is the
user’s duty.</p>
<p>This entry implements Algorithm X (<em>Exact cover via dancing links</em>)
from Section 7.2.2.1 in fascicle 5C of <em>The Art of Computer
Programming</em> by Donald E. Knuth. As of June 2019, you can download an
incomplete draft of the fascicle from <a href="https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/fasc5c.ps.gz">Knuth’s
website</a>, converted to
PDF as <a href="fasc5c.pdf">fasc5c.pdf</a> for your convenience.</p>
<h3 id="usage">Usage:</h3>
<p><code>./prog LETTERS [N]</code></p>
<p>reads allowed words from standard input and writes perfect pangrams
with at most <code>N</code> words composed of <code>LETTERS</code> to standard output, one
per line. If <code>N</code> is not given, the number of words in the pangrams is
unlimited. The characters in <code>LETTERS</code> must not repeat. The length of
<code>LETTERS</code> must not exceed 97 characters.</p>
<p>The exit status is 0 if no error occurred, 1 if the input word list
is too long, and 2 if the command-line arguments are missing.</p>
<h3 id="helper-scripts">Helper scripts:</h3>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="getwords.sh">getwords.sh</a></p>
<p><code>./getwords.sh LANGUAGE_CODE</code></p>
<p>outputs a sorted list of unique words in a given language, one per line. It
requires <code>aspell</code> with a dictionary for <em>LANGUAGE_CODE</em>.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="wrapprog.py">wrapprog.py</a></p>
<p><code>./wrapprog.py LETTERS [N]</code></p>
<p>works similarly to <code>./prog LETTERS [N]</code> except that it merges pangrams
before passing them to <code>prog</code> and expands them in <code>prog</code>’s output. This way,
it finishes the job faster than <code>prog</code> when there are millions of perfect
pangrams. It requires a UTF-8 locale.</p></li>
<li><p><a href="de.sh">de.sh</a>, <a href="en.sh">en.sh</a>, <a href="fr.sh">fr.sh</a>, <a href="it.sh">it.sh</a>,
<a href="pl.sh">pl.sh</a>, and <a href="ru.sh">ru.sh</a> output German,
English, French, Italian, Polish, and Russian perfect pangrams, respectively.
They require a UTF-8 locale.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="miscellaneous-remarks">Miscellaneous remarks:</h3>
<p>I dare submit this entry to categories <em>algorithms</em>,
<em>internationalization</em> (I have not found active use of <code>&lt;wchar.h&gt;</code>
among the programs that won IOCCC in the past), and <em>obscure bugs</em> (see
the questions about Linux core dumps below).</p>
<p>To a casual eye, this entry may look similar to
<a href="../../2005/klausler/index.html">2005/klausler</a>.
However, <code>prog</code> is internationalized and way faster. On my machine,
<code>./klausler abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</code> printed only 3,965 perfect
pangrams until I killed it after 144 hours running, while the
equivalent
<code>tr A-Z a-z &lt; /usr/share/dict/words | egrep -v '^[^ais]$' | ./prog abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | wc -l</code>
finished in 62 minutes, reporting 1,640,569,315 perfect pangrams, and
the example from section <a href="#wit">What is this?</a> finished in 1.35
seconds. On the other hand, <code>prog</code> can only output series of words
with non-repeating characters, unlike <code>klausler</code>.</p>
<p>In contrast to <a href="prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>, <a href="prog.c">prog.c</a> does not call
<code>fflush(stdout)</code> after outputting each line, thus running faster.
I am grateful to Witold Jarnicki for suggesting this change.
The original <code>prog</code> finished the example above in 100 minutes
instead of 62 minutes.</p>
<p>If your word list contains meaningless one-letter words, pipe
<code>grep .. [FILE]</code> through <code>prog</code> to eliminate the pangrams that
contain them.</p>
<p>According to <code>prog</code> and <code>aspell</code>, some languages, e.g. Spanish,
have no perfect pangrams.</p>
<p>Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> hang on Linux? Change <code>static int</code> to
<code>int</code> and <code>static wchar_t</code> to <code>wchar_t</code>, and recompile
<code>prog</code>. Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> dump core now? Change the line
<code>#define P 9&lt;&lt;23^1</code> to <code>#define P 9&lt;&lt;23</code> and recompile
<code>prog</code>. Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> exit gracefully?</p>
<p>Answer: As of June 2019, thus manifest bugs in <code>glibc</code> 2.22–2.29:
<a href="https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20568">1</a> naq
<a href="https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20632">2</a>.</p>
<p>The source code uses <code>goto</code> three times. While it could easily get
by without <code>goto M</code> and <code>goto H</code>, I challenge the adherents of
structured programming to refactor <code>goto T</code>, which jumps back into a
nested <code>if</code> block.</p>
<p>With the supplied <a href="Makefile">Makefile</a>, both <code>gcc</code> and <code>clang</code> compile
<a href="prog.c">prog.c</a> without warnings in C11 and C99 mode. For a clean
compilation with <code>gcc -std=c90</code>, add <code>-Wno-format</code> to
<code>CSILENCE</code> in <code>Makefile</code>.</p>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-2019ciura">Inventory for 2019/ciura</h1>
</div>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - alternative source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/de.alt.sh">de.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in Germain</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/en.alt.sh">en.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in English</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/getwords.sh">getwords.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/it.alt.sh">it.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in Italian</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/pl.alt.sh">pl.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in Polish</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/ru.alt.sh">ru.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in Russian</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/try.sh">try.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/wrapprog.py">wrapprog.py</a> - merge pangrams before passing them to prog</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/de.sh">de.sh</a> - run with German data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/en.sh">en.sh</a> - run with English data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/fr.alt.sh">fr.alt.sh</a> - how to run alternative code in French</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/fr.sh">fr.sh</a> - run with French data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/it.sh">it.sh</a> - run with Italian data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/pl.sh">pl.sh</a> - run with Polish data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/ru.sh">ru.sh</a> - run with Russian data</li>
<li><a href="fasc5c.pdf">fasc5c.pdf</a> - The Art of Computer Programming vol 4 draft</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="2019_ciura.tar.bz2">2019_ciura.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - description of entry in JSON</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2019/ciura/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top directory</li>
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
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