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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2005/persano - Best of Show</h2>
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<h3>Generates animated knots</h3>
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</div>
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<div class="navbar">
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<a class="Left" href="../mynx/index.html">← 2005/mynx</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 2005 ↑</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../sykes/index.html">2005/sykes →</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/persano.c">C code</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/Makefile">Makefile</a>
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<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2005%2Fpersano%2Findex.html">✓</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Mauro_Persano">Mauro Persano</a><br>
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#BR">BR</a> - <em>Federative Republic of Brazil</em> (<em>Brazil</em>)</li>
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</ul>
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<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 2005/persano/README.md -->
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
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<pre><code> make</code></pre>
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<p>There is an alternate version of this entry which should work for Windows by
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setting binary mode on <code>stdout</code>. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a> below.</p>
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<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./persano p q [num frames]</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<p>Open the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF">GIF</a> files with a viewer capable of
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displaying animated GIFs and watch closely at the bottom of the picture (you may
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need to use <a href="https://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/">gifsicle</a> - a great tool to
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manipulate animated GIFs - to slow down the animation and to compress the GIFs
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generated by the entry).</p>
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<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
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<p>This (untested as we have no Windows system) version uses the Windows API
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functions <code>_setmode()</code> and <code>_fileno(3)</code> to set binary mode on <code>stdout</code> which should
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let it work with Windows.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
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<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
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<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
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<p>Use <code>persano.alt</code> as you would <code>persano</code> above.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
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<pre><code> ./persano.alt 3 16 > knot3-16.gif</code></pre>
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<p>Follow the same instructions, using different tools if necessary, as the above
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try section.</p>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
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<p>If your system is one of those that distinguish between text and binary
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||
streams, you must know what to do to switch the standard output into
|
||
binary mode (e.g., adding a line to the source code or specifying a
|
||
linker option).</p>
|
||
<p>What needs to be done to fix the problem?</p>
|
||
<p>Solving the author’s exercises below may or may not help.</p>
|
||
<p>At the time of judging, the approximation of
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi">π</a> used in the program could not be found on
|
||
<a href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com" class="uri">https://mathworld.wolfram.com</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>knot</strong> writes animated GIF images of rendered <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus_knot">torus
|
||
knots</a> to standard output.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h3>
|
||
<pre><code> ./persano p q [num frames]</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="description">DESCRIPTION</h3>
|
||
<p>A <code>(p,q)</code>-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus_knot">torus knot</a> is a closed,
|
||
non-intersecting curve on the surface of a
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus">torus</a> in R3 that winds <code>p</code> times around
|
||
one cycle of the torus and <code>q</code> times around the other. <code>p</code> and <code>q</code> should be
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprime_integers">coprime</a>; otherwise, the
|
||
resulting curve will <em>not</em> be a knot (that is, imagining the resulting curve as
|
||
a loop of rubber, there will be a way to bend, twist and stretch it, without
|
||
cutting it <a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a>, until it ends up looking just like a circle embedded in R3 <a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a>).</p>
|
||
<p>Sample usage:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./persano 3 2 1 > foo.gif</code></pre>
|
||
<p>writes a non-animated GIF (a single frame) stream of a rendered trefoil
|
||
knot to the file <code>foo.gif</code>.</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./persano 5 2</code></pre>
|
||
<p>writes a GIF stream with a rendering of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot">Solomon’s Seal
|
||
knot</a> to standard
|
||
output; since the number of frames is not specified, an animation with
|
||
40 frames will be written.</p>
|
||
<p>Please view the code with 8-character tabs!</p>
|
||
<h3 id="output-format">OUTPUT FORMAT</h3>
|
||
<p>The program writes fully valid GIF 89 streams.</p>
|
||
<p>It is suggested that the output be viewed with a program capable of
|
||
displaying animated GIFs, such as almost any graphical HTTP browser.</p>
|
||
<p>Due to code size constraints, full <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78#LZW">LZW
|
||
compression</a> was not
|
||
implemented <a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a>. In fact, the output images are even somewhat expanded, thanks
|
||
to GIF overhead.</p>
|
||
<p>The GIF format supports only a limited number of bits per pixel, so the
|
||
program uses ordered dithering to emulate full RGB output.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="portability">PORTABILITY</h3>
|
||
<p>The program was tested on Linux, with gcc 3.1; Cygwin, with gcc 3.3; and
|
||
Solaris/SPARC, with Sun’s C compiler.</p>
|
||
<p>The only major portability issue should be reliance on ASCII.</p>
|
||
<p>It should also be mentioned that the program won’t work on systems that
|
||
distinguish between text and binary streams; however, since hardly
|
||
anyone uses such systems in this day and age, this is a minor issue. <a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
|
||
<h3 id="exercises-for-the-reader">EXERCISES FOR THE READER</h3>
|
||
<ol type="1">
|
||
<li><p>(1 point) The surface is composed of many small polygons. Try to make it
|
||
smoother by increasing the number of polygons.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>(2 points) Figure out how to change the radius of the tube cross section.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>(5 points) Locate the famous transcendental constant
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi">π</a> in the code.</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
<!-- AFTER: last line of markdown file: 2005/persano/README.md -->
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<section id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes">
|
||
<h5>Footnotes</h5>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li id="fn1"><p>You can call such a transformation an “ambient isotopy” if you want to
|
||
impress people at parties.<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
|
||
<li id="fn2"><p>Also known as the “unknot”, which sounds slightly less impressive than
|
||
“ambient isotopy”.<a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
|
||
<li id="fn3"><p>Unfortunately (for the author), the convenient excuse that LZW compression
|
||
was not implemented in order to avoid the Unisys patent can no longer be used.<a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
|
||
<li id="fn4"><p>;)<a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
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||
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||
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||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2005persano">Inventory for 2005/persano</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/persano.c">persano.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/persano.alt.c">persano.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/persano.orig.c">persano.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2005_persano.tar.bz2">2005_persano.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2005/persano/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
|
||
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||
</div>
|
||
|
||
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||
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|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2005%2Fpersano%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
|
||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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