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ioccc/2015/mills2/index.html
T
Cody Boone Ferguson 81c75b0e98 Make INABIAF format consistent in index.html files
That is to say in the bugs file it will look something like:

	STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix

but as a html file it is already bold as a heading. This means there is
no need in the index.html file to have the explicit **DO NOT** as it's
in a code block and it is not consistent in what is in bugs.html. For
instance 1984/mullender had:

	STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix

but this meant the index.html file had the '**'s surrounding the DO NOT
which is not consistent with bugs.html.
2024-06-23 08:03:36 -07:00

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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>2015/mills2 - Most compact</h2>
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<div class="navbar">
<a class="Left" href="../mills1/index.html">&larr; mills1</a>
<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2015 &uarr;</a>
<a class="Left" href="../muth/index.html">muth &rarr;</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/prog.c">C code</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/Makefile">Makefile</a>
<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Christopher_Mills">Christopher Mills</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#US">US</a> - <em>United States of America</em> (<em>United States</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
<pre><code> STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</code></pre>
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2015_mills2">2015/mills2 in bugs.html</a>.</p>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<pre><code> ./prog compressed_file.Z</code></pre>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>Without ASCII art, the source code of this entry would have been exactly 256
bytes. Compared to <a href="../../1990/jaw/index.html">1990/jaw</a>, it is very
impressive, even taking into account the missing <code>atob</code> functionality. Now we wish
for a <code>compress(1)</code>-like compressor using a similar idea.</p>
<p>Why is the sad smiley on line 12 in that particular place?</p>
<pre><code> c=0) :( O</code></pre>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<h3 id="the-program">The Program</h3>
<p>This program is an implementation of the unix <code>zcat(1)</code> command for printing
compressed files that have been created by the <code>compress(1)</code> command.</p>
<p>The adaptive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a> compression
employed by <code>compress(1)</code> usually requires a fairly large amount of memory to
build the decompression tables (in fact, <code>compress(1)</code> has a command-line option
to control the size of the decompression tables, since some of the early systems
to which it was ported
(*cough*<a href="https://computerhistory.org/blog/microsoft-ms-dos-early-source-code/?key=microsoft-ms-dos-early-source-code">MS-DOS</a>*cough*)
did not have enough memory to use the full 16-bit codes). This version has no
large static or dynamic tables. It is able to decompress 16-bit files using a
single function and a few <code>int</code>s.</p>
<p>To run the program, take an existing compressed file and pass it to the program
on the command line. On the odd chance you don’t have <code>compress(1)</code> hanging about
on your system, I’ve provided compressed copies of this year’s IOCCC rules
and guidelines files. To print them, just do</p>
<pre><code> ./prog ioccc_guidelines.txt.Z
./prog ioccc_rules.txt.Z</code></pre>
<h3 id="the-details">The Details</h3>
<p>The basic cleverness here comes from realizing that the compressed data is
itself an encoded version of the code dictionary. When the encoder sees
an input string that is not in its dictionary, it emits the code corresponding
to the longest prefix that is in the dictionary and adds a new entry consisting
of that code followed by the next input character. This means that when the
decoder wants to know how to decode a code, it just needs to find the spot in
the code-stream where the encoder added that entry to the dictionary. The
code at that spot is the prefix, and the first character of the following code
is the suffix. Decoding then just becomes recursion, to follow the chain of
prefixes and suffix characters.</p>
<p>Of course, it’s not nearly that simple. Finding the code in the stream is
complicated by several issues:</p>
<ul>
<li>Codes are at bit offsets within the stream, and must be extracted.</li>
<li>As codes are added to the dictionary, the code word size grows, so finding
the offset to a particular code word is involved.</li>
<li>The <code>compress(1)</code> encoder reserves a code word that clears the coding tables.
When this is encountered, the computation of offsets and bit sizes reset.</li>
<li>The <code>compress(1)</code> decoder is designed to always read a block of eight code
words at the same time, so that it need only read <code>N</code> bytes to get eight
<code>N-bit</code> code words. When the “clear” code is encountered, the entire eight-word
block is flushed (since the decoder didn’t know the word size would change).
The program needs to account for this extra flushing.</li>
<li>The end of the stream is not explicitly marked; the encoder just pads out
the output to the next byte. The decoder must notice this to know when
to stop.</li>
<li>The output stream contains a header that must be skipped.</li>
</ul>
<p>Managing all the details involved added a lovely additional layer of
obfuscation to the otherwise elegant recursive decoder. Still, the code
manages it in a remarkably small amount of code.</p>
<h3 id="limitations">Limitations</h3>
<p>The decoder doesn’t look at the header. If you supply something that is not
compressed data, it’s likely to crash in an interesting manner.</p>
<p>In particular, it doesn’t look at the third byte of the header, which encodes
the maximum code word size and whether “block mode” was used when the encoder
was run. If you use <code>compress(1)</code> in its default mode, the maximum word size
will be 16 bits and “block mode” will be enabled. You are unlikely to find
any files that don’t use “block mode”, since all versions of <code>compress(1)</code> after
2.0 (circa 1984) use it by default and have no documented way to disable it.
Reducing the bit depth is still possibly by using the <code>-b</code> flag. Modern
systems have no problem with the 200 KB or so needed for 16-bit decoder
tables, so the need for reducing the table size has passed, hence this program
always assumes 16-bits… However, should you find a file that needs a
smaller table, feel free to change the hard-coded 16 in the source into the
appropriate number and recompile.</p>
<p>In the event that you don’t supply an argument, or that argument doesn’t name
a readable file, the program will just silently exit. This is a feature.</p>
<p>The program depends on having a little-endian system. On a big-endian system
you will get a weird big-endian version of <code>compress(1)</code>, which might have come
to pass in an alternate universe where the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAX">VAX</a> on which <code>compress(1)</code> was authored had
been big-endian. Luckily for us, it wasn’t, and neither are most of the systems
you might want to compile this for.</p>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-2015mills2">Inventory for 2015/mills2</h1>
</div>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source code</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
<li><a href="ioccc_guidelines.txt.Z">ioccc_guidelines.txt.Z</a> - compressed IOCCC 2015 guidelines</li>
<li><a href="ioccc_rules.txt.Z">ioccc_rules.txt.Z</a> - compressed IOCCC 2015 rules</li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><a href="2015_mills2.tar.bz2">2015_mills2.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2015/mills2/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
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