The navigation bar for a winning entry now has a "_Original C_" link
(between the ✅ and the Inventory on the right hand side) so that one
may easily view the original C code that was submitted for IOCCC judging.
Ran `make www timestamp` to perform the above.
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width=300
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height=110>
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</a>
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||
<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2006/monge - Best compiled graphics</h2>
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<h3>Graphical fractal generator</h3>
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</div>
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<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/header.default.html -->
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<div class="navbar">
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<a class="Left" href="../meyer/index.html">← 2006/meyer</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 2006 ↑</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../night/index.html">2006/night →</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.c">C code</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2006%2Fmonge%2Findex.html">✓</a>
|
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Maurizio_Monge">Maurizio Monge</a><br>
|
||
Location: <a href="../../location.html#IT">IT</a> - <em>Italian Republic</em> (<em>Italy</em>)</li>
|
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</ul>
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||
<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 2006/monge/README.md -->
|
||
<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
|
||
<p>Make sure you have the SDL1 (not SDL2!) development environment installed.</p>
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<pre><code> make</code></pre>
|
||
<p>There is alternate version that lets you redefine the width and height and number
|
||
of iterations to use. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a> below.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
|
||
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>STATUS: doesn’t work with some platforms - please help us fix it</strong><br>
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||
<strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2006_monge">2006/monge in bugs.html</a>.</p>
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||
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
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||
<pre><code> ./monge expression ...</code></pre>
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<p>Incorrect formulas will ungracefully crash the program.</p>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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||
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
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<p>This alternate code lets you specify the width and height of the image as well
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as the number of iterations to perform.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
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||
<p>To use the default values, the same as <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.c">monge.c</a>, just do:</p>
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<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
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<p>But if you wish to actually make use of it you will want to redefine one or more
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of the variables <code>W</code>, <code>H</code> and <code>I</code>. The defaults are (respectively) 400, 300 and
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\128. If you wish to change the image size to 500x500 but keep the iterations
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the same then do:</p>
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<pre><code> make clobber WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=500 alt</code></pre>
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<p>If you wish to keep the dimensions the same but change the iterations to 512:</p>
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||
<pre><code> make clobber ITERATIONS=512 alt</code></pre>
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<p>If you specify a value less than 1 for any of these it sets it back to the
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default. The value 1 was selected arbitrarily and such a small number as 1 will
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not do anything useful but as long as it’s at least 1 it’ll not be redefined.
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||
It does not try taking care of overflows but such large values would be impractical
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anyway.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
|
||
<p>Use <code>monge.alt</code> exactly as you would <code>monge</code> above.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
|
||
<pre><code> ./try.alt.sh</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>For those who are familiar with the previous <a href="../../authors.html">IOCCC entries</a>,
|
||
this program is best described as “<a href="../../1994/tvr/index.html">1994/tvr</a> meets
|
||
<a href="../../2001/bellard/index.html">2001/bellard</a>”. Here you have mouse-manipulated
|
||
fractals AND generated binary code, all in one package.</p>
|
||
<p>A more appropriate award could have been “Best abuse of the
|
||
rules”, because on a non-x86-based architecture this program
|
||
is, quite predictably, a dud.</p>
|
||
<p>At the time of judging we were too mesmerized by the graphics
|
||
to realize it; and, after all, this entry does take a special
|
||
effort to work on both <code>i386</code> and <code>x86_64</code>. Portable it is! :)</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="for-the-impatient">For the impatient:</h3>
|
||
<ol start="0" type="1">
|
||
<li>Compile using the Makefile, or just run:</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<pre><code> gcc monge.c -o monge -O3 `sdl-config --libs --cflags`</code></pre>
|
||
<ol type="1">
|
||
<li>Run:</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z = 0" "z = z*z + c; Abs2(z) < 4"</code></pre>
|
||
<ol start="2" type="1">
|
||
<li><p>Keep clicking with left or right button to zoom in or out.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Use the number pad <code>+</code> and <code>-</code> to increase/decrease the iteration count when
|
||
needed.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Enjoy, unless you’re more interested in trying to understand how it works. :)</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
|
||
<p>This is a fractal generator that supports custom formulas and real time zoom.
|
||
The program needs to be run with two arguments, the first being a semicolon
|
||
separated list of assignments to do once per pixel, and the second a semicolon
|
||
separated list of assignments and conditions that will be executed (and
|
||
conditions checked) for each iteration (up to the maximum). Using the left and
|
||
right mouse buttons you will be able to zoom in and out (a la
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/xaos-project/XaoS">XaoS</a> project), the zooming algorithm is a bit
|
||
slower than <code>XaoS</code>’s but it should give slightly better results.</p>
|
||
<p>Formulas can use all <code>a-z</code> (lowercase) variables, and the special
|
||
variables <code>c</code> and <code>i</code> are respectively set by default to the
|
||
complex coordinate of the pixel and to the complex imaginary <code>i</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>All the constant numbers will be interpreted as real double values. Each
|
||
expression must be an assignment (<code>[variable] = [expr]</code>) or a comparison with
|
||
<code><</code> or <code>></code> (<code>[expr1] < [expr2]</code> or <code>[expr1] > [expr2]</code>), and you can add spaces
|
||
as you like (as understood by the C function <code>isspace()</code>).</p>
|
||
<p>Supported operations and functions are:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>+</code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>/</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Arithmetic operations, priority of * , / over +,- is respected.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code><,></code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Compares the real parts of two complex numbers (the imaginary part
|
||
is ignored). Any number of conditions is allowed, the iteration will
|
||
just stop as soon as one of them fails.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>Abs2</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Calculates the squared norm, i.e.: <code>Abs2(a+b*i)</code> is <code>(a*a+b*b)+0*i</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>Re</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Extract the real part, i.e.: <code>Re(a+b*i)</code> is <code>a+0*i</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>Im</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Extract the imaginary part, i.e.: <code>Im(a+b*i)</code> is<code>b+0*i</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>Exp</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Calculates the complex exponential, i.e. <code>Exp(a+b*i)</code> is <code>e^a*(cos(b)+sin(b)*i)</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>Ln</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Calculates the principal value of the natural logarithm i.e. <code>Ln(a+b*i)</code>
|
||
is <code>ln(a*a+b*b)/2 + atan(b/a)*i</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Here are a few examples of fractals you can draw:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Mandelbrot:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=1" "z=z*z+c; Abs2(z)<4"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Mandelbrot (return time variation):</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=c" "z=z*z+c; Abs2(z-c)>0.0001"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Julia, for <code>c=0.31+i*0.5</code>:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=c; c=0.31+i*0.5" "z=z*z+c; Abs2(z)<4"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Julia (return time variation), <code>for c=0.31+i*0.5</code>:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=c; c=0.31+i*0.5" "z=z*z+c; Abs2(z-c)>0.0001"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Newton, for <code>x^3-1</code>:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=c" "p=z; z=0.6666*z+0.3333/(z*z); Abs2(p-z) > 0.001"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Newton-Mandelbrot:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=0" "p=z; z=z-(z*z*z + (c-1)*z - c)/(3*z*z+c-1); Abs2(p-z) > 0.001"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Phoenix, Mandelbrot version:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=0; q=0" "t=z; z=z*z+Re(c)+Im(c)*q; q=t; Abs2(z)<4"</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Phoenix, Julia version for <code>c=0.56667-i*0.5</code>:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code> ./monge "z=c; c=0.56667-i*0.5; q=0" "t=z; z=z*z+Re(c)+Im(c)*q; q=t; Abs2(z)<4"</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="compilation-and-portability">Compilation and portability</h3>
|
||
<p>This program will only work on x86 (with an x87 FPU) or x86_64 machines,
|
||
but it requires the SDL library.</p>
|
||
<p>Another system requirement is the <code>mmap(2)</code> function (as <code>#define</code>d at the
|
||
beginning of the program). If it is not available the macro <code>M(a)</code> will have to
|
||
be replaced with a system dependent function that allocates readable, writable
|
||
<em>AND</em> executable memory (it will not be possible to make this program run on
|
||
paranoid systems (like OpenBSD IIRC) that do not allow <code>rwx</code> memory).</p>
|
||
<p>However I was able to compile and make work the program under
|
||
Linux (Debian/x86 and openSUSE/x86_64) and under Cygwin/x86. A
|
||
friend of mine was able to make it work under macOS too.</p>
|
||
<p>If you want you can change the window width and height, or the default
|
||
number of iterations (that one can be tweaked at runtime, anyway) by
|
||
changing the definitions of <code>W</code>, <code>H</code> and <code>I</code> at the beginning of the code.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="caveats-i-just-a-selected-few-of-them">Caveats (I just a selected few of them!)</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The zooming speed depends on the speed of the computer.</li>
|
||
<li>Incorrect formulas will ungracefully crash the program.</li>
|
||
<li>Many SDL identifiers are hardcoded as number, this is safe up to ABI
|
||
incompatibility.</li>
|
||
<li>Better optimization could be done treating known real numbers as just one
|
||
<code>double</code>, instead of adding a 0 imaginary part to treat them as complex
|
||
numbers.</li>
|
||
<li>There should be some way to switch from Mandelbrot to Julia with chosen
|
||
parameter.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="notice-to-those-who-wish-for-a-greater-challenge">NOTICE to those who wish for a greater challenge:</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>If you want a greater challenge, don’t read any further</strong>:
|
||
just try to understand the program via the source.</p>
|
||
<p>If you get stuck, come back and read below for additional hints and information.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation</h3>
|
||
<p>Sure, I don’t want to deprive you of the pleasure of digging
|
||
into the infernal mess created by my corrupted mind (writing
|
||
this remark I noticed that I was ending sentences with ‘;’ instead
|
||
of with ‘.’, and I worried for my sanity), but just in case…</p>
|
||
<p>I used many obfuscation techniques, including a few ones that
|
||
are different from the tricks used in most common IOCCC program
|
||
(more ‘high level’, in the sense that they require an understanding
|
||
of how all the program works to be worked out).</p>
|
||
<p>This program is a formula parser that outputs machine code that
|
||
calculates the formula and check the given conditions. The
|
||
machine code targets the <code>x87</code> stack based
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_unit">FPU</a>, and it is almost
|
||
identical for <code>x86</code> and <code>x86_64</code> (except for the comparison
|
||
instructions, that have to be generated differently). The
|
||
program keeps track of the FPU stack (the FPU has a cyclic stack
|
||
of 8 registers) and will automatically swap to and from the
|
||
main memory when required (i.e., adds instructions to the generated
|
||
machine code to take care of this issue).</p>
|
||
<p>The formulas are parsed recursively and machine code for the
|
||
inner iteration loop is also generated.</p>
|
||
<p>After generating the machine code, a big event loop creates (or
|
||
zooms into) the fractal executing the generated code when needed,
|
||
and then waits for input events.</p>
|
||
<p>The zooming algorithm works by remembering for each pixel the
|
||
floating point offset to where the value was actually calculated.
|
||
When zooming, the best match is searched, and if the offset is
|
||
too big (<code>>1</code>) the pixel is recalculated.</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
<!-- AFTER: last line of markdown file: 2006/monge/README.md -->
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2006monge">Inventory for 2006/monge</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.c">monge.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.alt.c">monge.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/monge.orig.c">monge.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a> - script to try alternate code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2006_monge.tar.bz2">2006_monge.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2006/monge/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
|
||
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|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/footer.inventory.html -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2006%2Fmonge%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
|
||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
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</p>
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