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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2019/ciura - Most alphabetic</h2>
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<h3>Pangram generator</h3>
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<a class="Left" href="../burton/index.html">← 2019/burton</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
|
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<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Marcin_Ciura">Marcin Ciura</a><br>
|
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#PL">PL</a> - <em>Republic of Poland</em> (<em>Poland</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
|
||
<p>There is an alternate version available. See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a>
|
||
below.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
|
||
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2019_ciura">2019/ciura in bugs.html</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> ./getwords.sh en | grep .. | ./prog string</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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||
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
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||
<p>There is an alternate version of this code that flushes <code>stdout</code> after writing a
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newline. See the Author’s remarks for more information.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
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||
<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
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||
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
|
||
<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code> above.</p>
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<h3 id="alternate-try">Alternate try:</h3>
|
||
<pre><code> ./try.alt.sh</code></pre>
|
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>A few letters, one at a time, with no repeats. How many different ways can this
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||
be done?</p>
|
||
<p>While a quick brown fox might jump over the lazy dog, it has too many repeat
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||
letters to allow this entry to repeat. It is better that Mr Jock, TV quiz PhD,
|
||
bags few lynx.</p>
|
||
<p>Speaking of jumping, can you rewrite the code to remove all of the goto jumps in
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||
this code?</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<div id="wit">
|
||
<h3 id="what-is-this">What is this?</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>This entry reads from standard input a list of words in any language
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||
written with an alphabet and outputs perfect pangrams composed of these
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||
words. A perfect pangram is a series of words that contains every letter
|
||
of the alphabet exactly once.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="example-execution">Example execution:</h4>
|
||
<pre><code> $ grep .. /usr/share/dict/words | ./prog abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
|
||
qualm fjord wiz pyx vs beg kc nth
|
||
quartz jinx vs fed kc womb glyph
|
||
quid jamb fez vs pyx kc growl nth
|
||
quiz fjord pyx vs bag kc mewl nth
|
||
quiz fjord pyx vs gab kc mewl nth
|
||
quiz fjord pyx vs gem bawl kc nth
|
||
quiz fjord pyx vs meg bawl kc nth
|
||
quiz fjord vex bawl kc gyp ms nth
|
||
quiz jamb flex vs kc gyp word nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc flog drew nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc frog lewd nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc frog weld nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc golf drew nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc grew fold nth
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc grow nth fled
|
||
quiz jamb pyx vs kc growl fed nth</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Rearranging the words into more or less meaningful expressions is the
|
||
user’s duty.</p>
|
||
<p>This entry implements Algorithm X (<em>Exact cover via dancing links</em>)
|
||
from Section 7.2.2.1 in fascicle 5C of <em>The Art of Computer
|
||
Programming</em> by Donald E. Knuth. As of June 2019, you can download an
|
||
incomplete draft of the fascicle from <a href="https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/fasc5c.ps.gz">Knuth’s
|
||
website</a>, converted to
|
||
PDF as <a href="fasc5c.pdf">fasc5c.pdf</a> for your convenience.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="usage">Usage:</h3>
|
||
<p><code>./prog LETTERS [N]</code></p>
|
||
<p>reads allowed words from standard input and writes perfect pangrams
|
||
with at most <code>N</code> words composed of <code>LETTERS</code> to standard output, one
|
||
per line. If <code>N</code> is not given, the number of words in the pangrams is
|
||
unlimited. The characters in <code>LETTERS</code> must not repeat. The length of
|
||
<code>LETTERS</code> must not exceed 97 characters.</p>
|
||
<p>The exit status is 0 if no error occurred, 1 if the input word list
|
||
is too long, and 2 if the command-line arguments are missing.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="helper-scripts">Helper scripts:</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/getwords.sh">getwords.sh</a></p>
|
||
<p><code>./getwords.sh LANGUAGE_CODE</code></p>
|
||
<p>outputs a sorted list of unique words in a given language, one per line. It
|
||
requires <code>aspell</code> with a dictionary for <em>LANGUAGE_CODE</em>.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/wrapprog.py">wrapprog.py</a></p>
|
||
<p><code>./wrapprog.py LETTERS [N]</code></p>
|
||
<p>works similarly to <code>./prog LETTERS [N]</code> except that it merges pangrams
|
||
before passing them to <code>prog</code> and expands them in <code>prog</code>’s output. This way,
|
||
it finishes the job faster than <code>prog</code> when there are millions of perfect
|
||
pangrams. It requires a UTF-8 locale.</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/de.sh">de.sh</a>, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/en.sh">en.sh</a>,
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/fr.sh">fr.sh</a>, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/it.sh">it.sh</a>,
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/pl.sh">pl.sh</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/ru.sh">ru.sh</a> output German,
|
||
English, French, Italian, Polish, and Russian perfect pangrams, respectively.
|
||
They require a UTF-8 locale.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="miscellaneous-remarks">Miscellaneous remarks:</h3>
|
||
<p>I dare submit this entry to categories <em>algorithms</em>,
|
||
<em>internationalization</em> (I have not found active use of <code><wchar.h></code>
|
||
among the programs that won IOCCC in the past), and <em>obscure bugs</em> (see
|
||
the questions about Linux core dumps below).</p>
|
||
<p>To a casual eye, this entry may look similar to
|
||
<a href="../../2005/klausler/index.html">2005/klausler</a>.
|
||
However, <code>prog</code> is internationalized and way faster. On my machine,
|
||
<code>./klausler abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</code> printed only 3,965 perfect
|
||
pangrams until I killed it after 144 hours running, while the
|
||
equivalent
|
||
<code>tr A-Z a-z < /usr/share/dict/words | egrep -v '^[^ais]$' | ./prog abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | wc -l</code>
|
||
finished in 62 minutes, reporting 1,640,569,315 perfect pangrams, and
|
||
the example from section <a href="#wit">What is this?</a> finished in 1.35
|
||
seconds. On the other hand, <code>prog</code> can only output series of words
|
||
with non-repeating characters, unlike <code>klausler</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>In contrast to <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> does not call
|
||
<code>fflush(stdout)</code> after outputting each line, thus running faster.
|
||
I am grateful to Witold Jarnicki for suggesting this change.
|
||
The original <code>prog</code> finished the example above in 100 minutes
|
||
instead of 62 minutes.</p>
|
||
<p>If your word list contains meaningless one-letter words, pipe
|
||
<code>grep .. [FILE]</code> through <code>prog</code> to eliminate the pangrams that
|
||
contain them.</p>
|
||
<p>According to <code>prog</code> and <code>aspell</code>, some languages, e.g. Spanish,
|
||
have no perfect pangrams.</p>
|
||
<p>Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> hang on Linux? Change <code>static int</code> to
|
||
<code>int</code> and <code>static wchar_t</code> to <code>wchar_t</code>, and recompile
|
||
<code>prog</code>. Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> dump core now? Change the line
|
||
<code>#define P 9<<23^1</code> to <code>#define P 9<<23</code> and recompile
|
||
<code>prog</code>. Why does <code>yes | ./prog y</code> exit gracefully?</p>
|
||
<p>Answer: As of June 2019, thus manifest bugs in <code>glibc</code> 2.22–2.29:
|
||
<a href="https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20568">1</a> naq
|
||
<a href="https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20632">2</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The source code uses <code>goto</code> three times. While it could easily get
|
||
by without <code>goto M</code> and <code>goto H</code>, I challenge the adherents of
|
||
structured programming to refactor <code>goto T</code>, which jumps back into a
|
||
nested <code>if</code> block.</p>
|
||
<p>With the supplied <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/Makefile">Makefile</a>, both <code>gcc</code> and <code>clang</code> compile
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> without warnings in C11 and C99 mode. For a clean
|
||
compilation with <code>gcc -std=c90</code>, add <code>-Wno-format</code> to
|
||
<code>CSILENCE</code> in <code>Makefile</code>.</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
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||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2019ciura">Inventory for 2019/ciura</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/de.alt.sh">de.alt.sh</a> - run alternate code with Germain words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/en.alt.sh">en.alt.sh</a> - run alternate code with English words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/getwords.sh">getwords.sh</a> - fetch words from aspell dictionary file</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/it.alt.sh">it.alt.sh</a> - run alternate code with Italian words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/pl.alt.sh">pl.alt.sh</a> - run alternate code with Polish words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/ru.alt.sh">ru.alt.sh</a> - run alternate code with Russian words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/try.alt.sh">try.alt.sh</a> - script to try alternate code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/wrapprog.py">wrapprog.py</a> - merge pangrams before passing them to prog</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/de.sh">de.sh</a> - run with German words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/en.sh">en.sh</a> - run with English words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/fr.alt.sh">fr.alt.sh</a> - script to try alternate code in French</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/fr.sh">fr.sh</a> - run with French words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/it.sh">it.sh</a> - run with Italian words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/pl.sh">pl.sh</a> - run with Polish words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/ru.sh">ru.sh</a> - run with Russian words</li>
|
||
<li><a href="fasc5c.pdf">fasc5c.pdf</a> - The Art of Computer Programming vol 4 draft</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2019_ciura.tar.bz2">2019_ciura.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2019/ciura/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
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</h4>
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<!--
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|
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Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
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|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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|
||
For more information, see:
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|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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||
|
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-->
|
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<div class="footer">
|
||
|
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<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
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<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
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<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
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target="_blank"
|
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rel="license noopener noreferrer"
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style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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You should <b>carefully review</b> the
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rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
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||
You may wish to review the
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<b><a href="../../license.html"
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||
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||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
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|
||
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||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F2019%2Fciura%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
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<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
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