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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>2015/duble - Best handwriting</h2>
<h3>handwriting with Braille</h3>
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<a class="Left" href="../dogon/index.html">&larr; 2015/dogon</a>
<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2015 &uarr;</a>
<a class="Left" href="../endoh1/index.html">2015/endoh1 &rarr;</a>
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.c">C code</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Etienne_Duble">Etienne Duble</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#FR">FR</a> - <em>French Republic</em> (<em>France</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
<p>There is an alternate version of this entry, discussed in the author’s remarks.
See <a href="#alternate-code">Alternate code</a> below.</p>
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2015_duble">2015/duble in bugs.html</a>.</p>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<pre><code> echo Some text | ./prog</code></pre>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
<p>As the script says if you want to move to the next command at any point
(lorem-ipsum.txt takes a while to print in particular) you may do so by hitting
ctrl-c/sending intr.</p>
<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
<p>This alternate code, provided by the author, is discussed in more detail by the
author in the ‘<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.c">prog.c</a> vs <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a>’ section of their remarks.</p>
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
<p>Use <code>prog.alt</code> as you would <code>prog</code> above.</p>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>Beautiful penmanship! However, your fonts may vary.</p>
<p>How does this entry compress the font it uses? What’s the purpose of
<code>lrand48(3)</code>? Why does the program dump core, when it does :) ?</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
<p>This program <strong>prints text in your terminal with an interesting
hand-writing effect</strong>.</p>
<p>It uses the <em>Braille patterns</em> range of the unicode standard: this
allows to consider each terminal character as a tiny 2x4 bitmap.</p>
<p>Turning the Braille code into something visual might be considered
blasphemous. When I was fighting to make this program work, I started
wondering if it was not the reason for its very erratic behaviour.</p>
<h3 id="prog.c-vs-prog.alt.c"><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.c">prog.c</a> vs <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a></h3>
<p>The file <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> is the one I submitted.</p>
<p><a href="../../authors.html#Gil_Dogon">Gil Dogon</a> noted a few unsafe statements (statements
whose behaviour is undefined in the C standard and, as such, could cause issues
with other compilers or optimization levels). These have been fixed in
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.c">prog.c</a>.</p>
<p>After this fix, in order to remain rule-2-compliant, a variable name has also
been shortened in this file.</p>
<h3 id="how-to-build">How to build</h3>
<p>If you have <code>clang</code>:</p>
<pre><code> CC=clang make -e</code></pre>
<p>Otherwise (gcc):</p>
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
<p>(You will get a few warnings in this case.)</p>
<h3 id="how-to-use-it">How to use it</h3>
<p>You need a terminal configured to handle a <em>UTF-8</em> encoding and a font including
<em>Braille patterns</em>.</p>
<p>This is the default on most modern GNU/Linux operating systems.</p>
<p>The default terminal application (gnome-terminal) or even a simple xterm should
render things properly.</p>
<p>I tested this on several Debian and Ubuntu systems, 32 and 64bits and no
configuration was needed.</p>
<p>I also tested it on FreeBSD 9.3 32bits (font and encoding configuration was
needed in this case).</p>
<h4 id="basic-mode">Basic mode:</h4>
<pre><code> $ echo &#39;I am testing this thing.&#39; | ./prog
[... rendering ...]
$ ./prog &lt; lorem-ipsum.txt
[... rendering ...]</code></pre>
<h4 id="interactive-mode">Interactive mode:</h4>
<pre><code> $ ./prog
&gt; hello world!!!
[... rendering ...]
&gt;</code></pre>
<h3 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation:</h3>
<p>This entry is obfuscated in various ways:</p>
<ul>
<li>The structure is hidden by avoiding loops, <code>if</code> statements, ternary
conditionals, and jump-related instructions. Instead, recursion is heavily
used.</li>
<li>Merging all functions into one added even more recursion. ;)</li>
<li>The provided code does not contain the same number of opening and closing
parenthesis.</li>
<li>Preprocessing the code inflates it and adds lots of indents. Removing some
of the tricks involved without breaking the program will be challenging.</li>
<li>The program ‘plays’ with standard input &amp; output streams, which causes
unusual side effects.</li>
<li>Some variables are re-used for unrelated processes.</li>
<li>Crucial data may be hidden in unexpected places (e.g. as the size of a
temporary buffer).</li>
<li>Some parts of the code may have no effect (but may have an effect in a
specific context, who knows?), and classical libc functions may not act as
usual.</li>
<li>And of course variable names are hard to read (or distracting).</li>
</ul>
<p>On the other hand, the following may help:</p>
<ul>
<li>The code layout should help to identify which part of the code is
obfuscated. ;)</li>
<li>File <a href="codes.txt">codes.txt</a> shows how each character is drawn. This data is
encoded in macro <code>O_o</code> at the top of the source file.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="limitations">Limitations:</h3>
<h4 id="charset">Charset</h4>
<p>In order to comply with the size rule, I encoded only a part of the visible ASCII
chars:</p>
<pre><code> a-z, A-Z, &#39;.&#39; &#39;:&#39; &#39;,&#39; &#39;;&#39; &#39;!&#39; and &#39;?&#39;.</code></pre>
<p>Uppercase and lowercase chars are rendered the same. The program also
understands space and linefeed (<code>\n</code>). Other chars are simply ignored (most of
the time ;)</p>
<h4 id="stack-size">Stack size</h4>
<p>This limitation is due to the heavy use of recursion. After having processed a
large number of characters, the process may exceed the stack size and crash.
(However I did not experience this myself. The top-level recursion might be
removed by the compiler as part of its optimizations.)</p>
<h4 id="line-rendering">Line rendering</h4>
<p>The program does its best to avoid cutting words at the end of lines, but it
could still happen in case of long words.</p>
<h3 id="subtleties-and-extra-features">Subtleties and extra features</h3>
<h4 id="handling-more-than-text-docs">Handling more than text docs?</h4>
<p>Given the limited set of characters handled, the program is mostly limited to
simple text documents.</p>
<p>Thus, if you try for example:</p>
<pre><code> $ ./prog &lt; prog.c</code></pre>
<p>You will not get something that looks like C code. (but you can still try, if
you are curious. :)</p>
<h4 id="a-draft-mode">A ‘draft’ mode</h4>
<p>Defining an environment variable called <code>DRAFT</code> will enable the ‘draft-mode’.
Try for example:</p>
<pre><code> $ echo &#39;testing the draft mode&#39; | DRAFT=1 ./prog</code></pre>
<p>The program will run much faster but the rendering will be less precise.</p>
<h4 id="the-subtle-interactive-mode">The subtle interactive mode</h4>
<p>I saved the best for last: usually, programs that handle an “interactive mode”
have to check whether their standard input is a terminal or not (by using
<code>isatty()</code>). Did you notice that this program does not perform any such
detection, but still behaves (or seems to behave) appropriately?</p>
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<div id="inventory">
<h1 id="inventory-for-2015duble">Inventory for 2015/duble</h1>
</div>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.c">prog.c</a> - entry source code</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.alt.c">prog.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/prog.orig.c">prog.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
<li><a href="codes.txt">codes.txt</a> - shows how each character is drawn</li>
<li><a href="lorem-ipsum.txt">lorem-ipsum.txt</a> - sample input</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="2015_duble.tar.bz2">2015_duble.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/2015/duble/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
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