The sections have been modified a fair amount. The Entries menu has been extended to have: Fixing entries, Updating author info, Thanks for the help. The first two were moved from FAQ and the last one from About. The rationale for these, in order: entries and authors have to do with entries and most of the help involves entries. It also has to do with website but in 'about' it does not seem the right place, unless maybe it is renamed to 'Credits' or something (I am not suggesting this one way or the other). This one is debatable but that was the rationale. The Status menu has been extended to have: Markdown guidelines and Security policy. The rationale is that the markdown guidelines are part of contest guidelines and the security policy is about the status of the entries and how if there are any security problems they will not be addressed (instead of about the IOCCC). The FAQ was extended to have: Compiling entries, Running entries, How to help. The reason to not have compiling and running entries under Entries is because this is 'how to' and also the menu was too long. How to help seems like a good idea under FAQ too (was in About). About was extended to have the new 'about.html' page (from about.md). This is a rare case where a new file is useful as it fits under 'About'. The menu now is: Home page, About the IOCCC, The Judges, Contact us. I was pondering the 'About [the IOCCC]' at the top and also naming it 'About us' but it seemed like a link to index.html was necessary and as for 'about us' it seemed less clear as to whether it was about the judges or the contest itself. The FAQ has been updated slightly for this. After further inspection the bin/index.html and the inc/index.html links were removed from the about section. With these changes, renaming an item or slight reordering notwithstanding, I believe that #2006 is probably in good shape.
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width=300
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</a>
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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>2005/sykes - Best emulator</h2>
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<h3>Commodore PET emulator</h3>
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</div>
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<a class="Left" href="../persano/index.html">← 2005/persano</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 2005 ↑</a>
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<a class="Left" href="../timwi/index.html">2005/timwi →</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.c">C code</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/Makefile">Makefile</a>
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<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
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<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fioccc-src.github.io%2Ftemp-test-ioccc%2F2005%2Fsykes%2Findex.html">✓</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Stephen_Sykes">Stephen Sykes</a><br>
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#FI">FI</a> - <em>Republic of Finland </em> (<em>Finland</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
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<pre><code> make</code></pre>
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<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
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<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2005_sykes">2005/sykes in bugs.html</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./sykes binary_file</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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<pre><code> ./try.sh</code></pre>
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<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
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<p>For those who fondly remember their first
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a>, this entry will start you
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down memory lane … starting with <code>$C000</code> of course!</p>
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<p>We encourage you to try and grok the obfuscated expression on <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.c#L56">line
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56</a>,
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after the C pre-processor gets finished with it!</p>
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<p>We downloaded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM</a> contents to use
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the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a> in
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> mode as follows:</p>
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<pre><code> wget http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/pet/basic-2-c000.901465-01.bin
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wget http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/pet/basic-2-d000.901465-02.bin
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wget http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/pet/edit-2-n.901447-24.bin
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wget http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/firmware/computers/pet/kernal-2.901465-03.bin</code></pre>
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<p>We then created:</p>
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<pre><code> dd bs=2k count=1 if=/dev/zero of=nullfill.bin</code></pre>
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<p>For your convenience, we have added the above mentioned files to this entry directory.
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They were used to form the <code>pet.rom</code> file.</p>
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<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>This program is not only a complete <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">Motorola 6502
|
||
processor</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a>, but also an emulation of the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">Commodore PET 2001</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>This is the second version of the same entry, but this one takes care to
|
||
not include any possibly copyrighted items in the info files, to be sure
|
||
to not infringe the rules.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="test">Test</h3>
|
||
<p>Compile the program, then test the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> like this:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes 6502test</code></pre>
|
||
<p>A basic test is done for each instruction and addressing mode, all tests
|
||
should pass. At the end of the tests, it loops forever - break out with
|
||
control-C.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="pet-emulation">PET EMULATION</h3>
|
||
<p>Cast your mind back to 1977… a little company called
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_International">Commodore</a> introduced
|
||
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a>, the Personal Electronic
|
||
Transactor.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer">machine</a> was a hit, and
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History">history</a> was made.</p>
|
||
<p>Now you can relive those wonderful times with this
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> emulator!</p>
|
||
<p>Make sure you have a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator">terminal
|
||
window</a> of 40x25 chars or
|
||
bigger, and then run the emulator like this:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes pet.rom</code></pre>
|
||
<p>You should see the startup message. Try typing in some
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC">BASIC</a> - for instance:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> PRINT "HELLO, WORLD"</code></pre>
|
||
<p>There is an optional numeric parameter, which controls the speed. For a
|
||
slower cursor blink, try</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes pet.rom 6</code></pre>
|
||
<p>and for faster</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes pet.rom 2</code></pre>
|
||
<p>The default is 4.</p>
|
||
<p>The control keys are as follows:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>^A</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>HOME</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^L</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>CLR</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^R</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>RVS</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^E</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>OFF</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^Y</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>INST</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^X</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>STOP (break)</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^F</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>cursor forward</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^B</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>cursor back</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
<li><code>^N</code>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>cursor down</li>
|
||
</ul></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Supplied also is a short demo program written in
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC">BASIC</a>. Try typing</p>
|
||
<pre><code> LOAD "DEMO"
|
||
RUN</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Many other old programs will run in this emulator too. Files with a <code>.PRG</code>
|
||
extension should work. Look, for instance, here:</p>
|
||
<p><a href="http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/pet/ALLFILES.html">http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/pet/ALLFILES.html</a></p>
|
||
<p>or try this one:</p>
|
||
<p><a href="http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/pet/games/english/dungeon.prg">http://www.zimmers.net/anonftp/pub/cbm/pet/games/english/dungeon.prg</a></p>
|
||
<p>The filenames must be upper case in order to be loaded by the emulator.</p>
|
||
<p>You can save programs too - try</p>
|
||
<pre><code> 10 PRINT "HELLO!"
|
||
SAVE "HELLO"
|
||
NEW
|
||
|
||
LOAD "HELLO"
|
||
RUN</code></pre>
|
||
<p>You also might try typing this to see an ancient <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)#Software">Easter egg</a>:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> WAIT 6502,12</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="emulation">6502 EMULATION</h3>
|
||
<p>The program is basically a
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a>, and it does NOT need the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">Commodore</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM</a> to work.</p>
|
||
<p>Supplied as a demonstration is a
|
||
compiled-for-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
version a chess program (heh, I found a use for a previous losing entry :) ). Try:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes chess</code></pre>
|
||
<p>It works as you would expect (it plays very badly). There’s no castling
|
||
or en-passant, and to win you must actually take the opponent’s king.</p>
|
||
<p>You can write your own programs too, any <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/6502_Assembly">6502
|
||
assembler</a> should work.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a> loads the supplied file
|
||
at <code>$C000</code>, and starts execution from that address also (the reset vector is
|
||
ignored).</p>
|
||
<p>The screen memory begins at <code>$8000</code>, and is <code>40 columns * 25 rows</code>.
|
||
Key presses appear when they occur in memory location <code>$A2</code>, and are
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#OR">OR</a>ed
|
||
with <code>$80</code> - this is a way of indicating a fresh character. The program
|
||
can frequently check this byte, and when it sees a new character, it can
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND">AND</a> it with <code>$7F</code> to
|
||
indicate that it has been read.</p>
|
||
<p>The
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a> receives an interrupt 60
|
||
times a second or so, you may want to disable interrupts (with the <code>SEI</code>
|
||
instruction) if you do not need this.</p>
|
||
<p>In
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> mode the special
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> character codes are not used and
|
||
the screen understands normal
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set">ASCII</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>Lastly, before <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> starts,
|
||
the low byte from a <code>time(3)</code> call is placed at address 0 - this can be used as a
|
||
random seed.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="technical-description">Technical description</h3>
|
||
<p>Most of the program comprises the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a>. <code>curses</code> is used for the
|
||
screen and keyboard handling.</p>
|
||
<p>Much of the obfuscation comes from the need to squeeze in the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> as well as faking enough of
|
||
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> hardware for it to work.</p>
|
||
<p>If the supplied file is exactly 16384 bytes, the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a> assumes it is a
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM</a>, and goes into PET emulation
|
||
mode. Otherwise some PET specific features are skipped during normal
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The main processing all happens in a heroic expression containing no
|
||
less than 64 ternary operators (after <code>cpp</code>) starting on <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.c#L56">line
|
||
56</a>.
|
||
This decodes the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
instructions according to a table and executes them.</p>
|
||
<p>The addressing mode is decoded in a similar expression starting on <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.c#L53">line
|
||
53</a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs">Bugs</h3>
|
||
<p>The machine emulated is an older 40 column
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a>, so 80 column programs
|
||
will not show correctly.</p>
|
||
<p>There is no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> of
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> graphics characters.</p>
|
||
<p>The parameter controls the speed of the 60Hz “jiffy clock”, and not the
|
||
processor speed. This means many games may run too fast to be usable -
|
||
it really depends on the speed of your machine.</p>
|
||
<p>Although the PET <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulator</a> can do <code>LOAD</code>
|
||
and <code>SAVE</code>, it cannot <code>VERIFY</code> or <code>OPEN</code> and <code>CLOSE</code> files.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a> hardware
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> is not at all complete -
|
||
features such as the hardware timers are completely missing. Some programs will
|
||
not run correctly.</p>
|
||
<p>The
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502#Technical_description">6502</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> does not include the seldom
|
||
used decimal mode, or any of the “undocumented” instructions.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="important-note">IMPORTANT NOTE</h3>
|
||
<p>I think it is great fun to run the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET">PET</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulator">emulation</a> and mess around with
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft">Microsoft</a>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC">BASIC</a>. However, this obviously needs the
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM_image">ROM</a> file to work. My
|
||
program is original and completely free of any copyright, but, of
|
||
course, the <code>pet.rom</code> is not my work. So I ask the user to download it
|
||
from the Internet. This is to avoid directly infringing any copyright.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="finally">Finally</h3>
|
||
<p>What does this do?</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./sykes pet.rom -1</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Have fun!</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
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||
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-2005sykes">Inventory for 2005/sykes</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.c">sykes.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/sykes.orig.c">sykes.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/test.sh">test.sh</a> - test tool</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/try.sh">try.sh</a> - script to try entry</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="2005_sykes.tar.bz2">2005_sykes.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="6502test">6502test</a> - 6502 test utility</li>
|
||
<li><a href="DEMO">DEMO</a> - demo for Commodore PET</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/PET">PET</a> - Commodore PET emulator</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="basic-2-c000.901465-01.bin">basic-2-c000.901465-01.bin</a> - BASIC binary for Commodore PET</li>
|
||
<li><a href="basic-2-d000.901465-02.bin">basic-2-d000.901465-02.bin</a> - BASIC binary for Commodore PET</li>
|
||
<li><a href="chess">chess</a> - chess program for Commodore PET</li>
|
||
<li><a href="edit-2-n.901447-24.bin">edit-2-n.901447-24.bin</a> - editor for Commodore PET</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="kernel-2.901465-03.bin">kernel-2.901465-03.bin</a> - Commodore PET kernel</li>
|
||
<li><a href="nullfill.bin">nullfill.bin</a> - block of binary zeros</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/sykes/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
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</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/footer.inventory.html -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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|
||
For more information, see:
|
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|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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src="../../png/cc.png"
|
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alt="cc inside circle symbol">
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
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src="../../png/by.png"
|
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alt="person inside circle symbol">
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<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
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src="../../png/sa.png"
|
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alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fioccc-src.github.io%2Ftemp-test-ioccc%2F2005%2Fsykes%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
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||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
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