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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>2005/toledo - Best Game</h2>
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2005 &uarr;</a>
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Oscar_Toledo">Oscar Toledo G.</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#MX">MX</a> - <em>United Mexican States</em> (<em>Mexico</em>)</li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<pre><code> make</code></pre>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<pre><code> ./toledo [a ...]</code></pre>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<pre><code> ./toledo a
./toledo a b</code></pre>
<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
<p>Two alternate versions of this entry, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/toledo/toledo2.c">toledo2.c</a> and
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/toledo/toledo3.c">toledo3.c</a> are provided.</p>
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
<p>To compile the alternate versions:</p>
<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
<p>Use Use <code>toledo2</code> and <code>toledo3</code> as you would <code>toledo</code> above.</p>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>Challenge yourself with your ability to look 5, 6 or more moves ahead.
Challenge your knowledge of C operator precedence. The following is the
move analysis via recursion while it executes moves. All while playing
by the rules of C and Chess within a single function!</p>
<h3 id="historical-note">Historical note:</h3>
<p>When this entry was submitted the code was a recursive call to <code>main()</code> - that
was it. In 2023 due to problems with <code>clang</code> <code>main()</code> calls another function,
<code>pain()</code>, which calls itself. But it might be said that the Chess is still a
single function.</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<h3 id="what-does-this-program">What does this program</h3>
<p>This is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess">chess</a> program, it can work in
two modes: two-players, and one player (always white) against the machine. To
get the first mode, run the program without arguments:</p>
<pre><code> ./toledo</code></pre>
<p>The other mode is accessible running the program with one argument
(5-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)">ply</a>
analysis):</p>
<pre><code> ./toledo a</code></pre>
<p>Two arguments for 6-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)">ply</a>
analysis:</p>
<pre><code> ./toledo a b</code></pre>
<p>And each successive argument will analyze one
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)">ply</a> more. There is no ply
limit, but beyond 7 ply is very slow, try it at your own risk and computing
time.</p>
<h3 id="entering-movements">Entering movements</h3>
<p>When it is your turn, you can enter your move, for example, as <code>d2d4</code> and press the
enter key. This will move the pawn at <code>D2</code> to <code>D4</code>, assuming that a pawn is
there (as it would be in the beginning). The computer will check move legality
and will warn you of illegal moves. All legal chess moves are permitted.</p>
<p>One special case is when you are doing promotion, you must enter the move with
an extra letter indicating the desired piece.</p>
<p>For example <code>f7f8n</code> (supposing you have a pawn on <code>F7</code>), will promote it to a
knight; substitute <code>n</code> for the desired piece (<code>N</code>/<code>Q</code>/<code>R</code>/<code>B</code>).</p>
<p>Note that the program requires the piece letter; it will not select
automatically a queen, so don’t be surprised if it doesn’t accept your move.</p>
<h3 id="game-status">Game status</h3>
<p>The computer will check for checkmate and stalemate. Also, after each machine
move, it will show the score of the position: a higher number is better for
the computer, i.e. worse for you.</p>
<h3 id="quirks">Quirks</h3>
<p>None.</p>
<h3 id="program-operation">Program operation</h3>
<p>This is a good example of a chess program reduced to the essential. In order
to get it into the contest limits, I used short but slow and unintelligible
algorithms.</p>
<p>The interface accounts for only a fraction of the code, the core does multiples
functions: it is called recursively to analyze and evaluate each
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)">ply</a>, does <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-beta_pruning">alpha-beta
pruning</a>, move generation,
machine playing, check detection, illegal move verification and does moves after
they are verified.</p>
<p>It also sets a standard on ultra-mini-chess programs. The player and the
computer can do all legal chess moves.</p>
<h3 id="additional-features">Additional features</h3>
<p>Other features are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Illegal move verification.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkmate">Checkmate</a> detection.</li>
<li>Stalemate detection.</li>
<li>Computer is tough (check
7-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ply_(game_theory)">ply</a>) and even in 5 ply can give a surprise to
amateur players.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="obfuscation-tricks">Obfuscation tricks</h3>
<ul>
<li>Only one very modular C function.</li>
<li>Extensive use of the ternary and comma operators; save a hard drive today.</li>
<li>Extensive use of C operator precedence; all good C programmers remember
it… I cannot.</li>
<li>Exchanged operands every place possible. Someday someone will
understand it.</li>
<li>Mixed and multifunction expressions on statements, in good old-BASIC
style.</li>
<li>Macros used to hide C syntax: check unbalanced parenthesis and calls with
empty arguments!</li>
<li>Only includes strictly necessary standard headers, the linker takes care,
and compiles faster… but I’m still not seeing the difference.</li>
<li>Uses only one string, very easy to
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization">i18n</a> ;)</li>
</ul>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-2005toledo">Inventory for 2005/toledo</h1>
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<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/toledo/toledo.c">toledo.c</a> - entry source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2005/toledo/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
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