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<div class="header">
  <img src="../../png/ioccc.png" alt="IOCCC image by Matt Zucker" width=300 height=110>
  <h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
  <h2>2012/deckmyn - Most notable and best tool</h2>
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  <a class="Left" href="../blakely/index.html">&larr; blakely</a>
  <a class="Left" href="../index.html">&uarr; 2012 &uarr;</a>
  <a class="Left" href="../dlowe/index.html">dlowe &rarr;</a>
  <a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/2012/deckmyn/deckmyn.c">C code</a>
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<h2 id="author"><a name="author"></a>Author:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Alex_Deckmyn">Alex Deckmyn</a><br>
Location: <a href="../../location.html#BE">BE</a> - <em>Kingdom of Belgium</em> (<em>Belgium</em>)
<br><br></li>
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<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">make</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
<pre><code>STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix</code></pre>
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#2012_deckmyn">2012 deckmyn bugs</a>.</p>
<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./deckmyn</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="va">$(</span><span class="fu">cat</span> deckmyn.c<span class="va">)</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="va">$(</span><span class="fu">cat</span> musicfile.txt<span class="va">)</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span> sheetmusic.pbm</span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./try.sh</span></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
<p>The C of this entry is definitely sharp. The program cleverly uses its own
source at runtime to define the notes, time signature and accidental bitmaps.</p>
<p>In addition to sheet music, this program is also able to, given the right input,
generate an image of a 10-pin <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_in-line_package">DIP
chip</a> (a sound processor?).</p>
<h3 id="historical-remarks">Historical remarks:</h3>
<p>We previously wrote that ironically, the way this entry is called from the
command line is an abuse of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_shell">C Shell</a>.
Please use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne_shell">Bourne-family shells</a> to
run this entry.</p>
<p>… but in 2023 we changed the backticks to be the bash <code>$(..)</code> construct. This
is not done in the author’s remarks, however.</p>
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
<h3 id="example-use">Example use</h3>
<p>You need the source code and example input (either one of the example files, or
manual input as below) ready and a program capable of showing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netpbm">.pbm bitmap
format</a> images.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./deckmyn</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="kw">`</span><span class="fu">cat</span> deckmyn.c<span class="kw">`</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="kw">`</span><span class="fu">cat</span> example_greensleeves<span class="kw">`</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span> greensleeves.pbm</span></code></pre></div>
<p>If you have macOS you can open the image like:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">open</span> greensleeves.pbm</span></code></pre></div>
<p>… otherwise, you’ll have to open it in your viewer of choice how you would
normally open an image.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">./deckmyn</span> <span class="st">&quot;</span><span class="kw">`</span><span class="fu">cat</span> deckmyn.c<span class="kw">`</span><span class="st">&quot;</span> <span class="st">&quot;KF m44c4 c4 g4 g4 :  a4 a4 g2 :; &quot;</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span> short_bass.pbm</span></code></pre></div>
<p>If you have macOS you can open the image like:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode sh"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">open</span> short_bass.pbm</span></code></pre></div>
<p>… otherwise, you’ll have to open it in your viewer of choice how you would
normally open an image.</p>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>Every major C competition should have an entry capable of producing C major.
This is a music notation program. It produces
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netpbm">bitmaps</a> (<code>.pbm</code>) of music based on ASCII
input. A full manual is added as a <a href="deckmyn.html">separate file</a>. Some musical
examples are also included.</p>
<p>The program is capable of printing notes, rests, (double) bar lines and
accidentals on a single melodic line (multiple staves). No chords, polyphony
etc.</p>
<p>The program expects <em>two command line arguments</em>. The first is a (very long)
string that contains the complete music font. Note that it should <em>not</em> be given
as a file name! The default music font is encoded in the (whitespace of the)
source code <a href="deckmyn.c">deckmyn.c</a> itself. Therefore, the first argument should
be <code>"``</code> <code>cat deckmyn.c</code> <code>``"</code>.</p>
<p>The second command line argument is the music itself. This is, again, a string,
not a file name. All music signs are entered as tokens of exactly 3 characters.
The code is very sensitive to bad spacing! So for instance, if you use a file to
write the music (e.g. <a href="example_greensleeves">example_greensleeves</a>), you should
keep in mind that newline is also a character!</p>
<h3 id="internals">Internals</h3>
<p>To minimise the memory footprint, this program has <em>no variable declarations at
all</em>, except for the arguments to <code>main()</code>. The only available memory space is
from the command line arguments and count (<code>argv</code> and <code>argc</code>). Parts of <code>argv</code>
are cast as <code>int</code> when values under 0 or beyond 127 are expected.</p>
<p>The “music font” is defined by the source code itself. The first few lines are
not part of the font definition, as this memory space will be modified by the
program. (So as required by the rules, it is only a (memory) copy of the source
code that is modified.)</p>
<p>As there is no memory available, output is directly to <code>stdout</code>, byte by byte,
from the top left to the bottom right pixel.</p>
<h3 id="limitations">LIMITATIONS</h3>
<p>The memory locations of <code>argv</code> are used for various purposes. Therefore, the
program name (default <code>deckmyn</code>) must be <em>at least 4 characters long</em>, including
possibly the path. This, along with the ending <code>'\0'</code>, gives minimum 5 bytes of
useful memory space. Otherwise, the program may attempt to write outside the
string.</p>
<p>The code is quite sensitive. Errors in the input can lead to strange results.
The code does not read beyond the end of the music input, but that is about the
only error checking available. Any input that is not according to the rules in
the <a href="deckmyn.html">manual</a>, may cause errors.</p>
<p>The program has no special hardware limitations or requirements, other than 8bit
<code>char</code> (<code>signed</code> or <code>unsigned</code>) and two’s complement negatives.</p>
<p>The limitations of using <code>char</code> as counters for e.g. the number of music staves
are minor. 127 staves to a page is rather a lot.</p>
<h3 id="obfuscations">Obfuscations</h3>
<p>The code has no declared variables other than the command line variables. Not
even pointers (we all know how messy code can get with too many pointers!). As
more than one variable needs values beyond 127, parts of the command line memory
are cast to <code>int</code> using a macro.</p>
<ul>
<li>The formatting of the code is in fact necessary, as this is the definition of
the music font. It is therefore not an obfuscation.</li>
<li>The use of only <code>argv</code>/<code>argc</code> as memory locations is a matter of reducing the
memory footprint. Again, it is not an obfuscation.</li>
<li>Calling the only remaining variables, and the two defined macros, <code>c</code> and <code>C</code>,
is merely a matter of conforming to the standard
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> paradigm common in commercial
notation programs (’What You <code>C</code> is What You Get). So once again it is not an
obfuscation. Anyway, it’s a C coding contest, right?</li>
<li>Randomly using the numerical (ASCII) value for characters is compensated for
by replacing some numbers by a character representation. On average, therefore,
it is not an obfuscation.</li>
<li>Randomly changing the way the elements of <code>argv</code> are addressed is a matter of
maintaining a diversified code base. It is therefore not… Oh all right.</li>
<li>The actual output of the music is done by one <code>printf(3)</code> call including a 800+
character nested conditional expression.</li>
<li><code>printf()</code> is also used for its return value.</li>
</ul>
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<h1 id="inventory-for-2012deckmyn"><a name="inventory"></a>Inventory for 2012/deckmyn</h1>
<p><a href="#top">Jump to top</a></p>
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/deckmyn.c">deckmyn.c</a> - entry source</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/deckmyn.orig.c">deckmyn.orig.c</a> - original source</li>
<li><a href="deckmyn.html">deckmyn.html</a> - user manual</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/example_beethoven">example_beethoven</a> - music notation</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/example_greensleeves">example_greensleeves</a> - music notation</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/try.sh">try.sh</a> - how to run</li>
<li><a href="2012_deckmyn.tar.bz2">2012_deckmyn.tar.bz2</a> - download entry</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - entry home page</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for index.html</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/deckmyn.md">deckmyn.md</a> - markdown source for deckmyn.html</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - description of entry in JSON</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/temp-test-ioccc/blob/master/2012/deckmyn/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
<li><a href=".path">.path</a> - directory path from top directory</li>
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