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Landon Curt Noll ccc360b2fb move non-README.md HTML formation to bin/othermd2html.sh 
The core of `bin/gen-other-html.sh` code that converts entry non-README.md
into HTML has been moved into a new tool: `bin/othermd2html.sh`.

The `bin/othermd2html.sh` tool will be useful to the `bin/cvt-submission.sh`
tool that is under development.

Added info about `bin/othermd2html.sh` to `bin/README.md`.

Changed `bin/gen-other-html.sh` VERSION from "1.4.1 2024-08-18"
to "1.5 2024-08-27".

HTML produced by `bin/gen-other-html.sh` now uses a "jump to" mid-bar
test now shows the `YYYY/dir/index.html` link text (with `YYYY/dir/` added).

Performed `make gen_other_html` to accomplish the above and to test under macOS.
Performed `make gen_top_html` to accomplish the above and to test under macOS.
2024-08-27 16:31:56 -07:00

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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
<h2>how.html for 2012/tromp</h2>
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<h3 id="notice-to-those-who-wish-for-a-greater-challenge">NOTICE to those who wish for a greater challenge:</h3>
<p><strong>If you want a greater challenge, don’t read any further</strong>:
just try to understand the program via the source.</p>
<p>If you get stuck, come back and read below for additional hints and information.</p>
<h1 id="obfuscation">Obfuscation</h1>
<p>The program implements a so called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krivine_machine">Krivine
machine</a>, enhanced with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS">basic
input/output system</a> and a reference
counting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collector">garbage collector</a>. The
Krivine machine is a stepwise transformer of a global state consisting of the
current term, the current environment (a list of closures), and a stack of
continuations (see the 3rd reference for details).</p>
<p>The term space holds <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_calculus">lambda
calculus</a> terms in the following
format. 0 denotes some form of I/O; the only four occurrences are at:</p>
<pre><code> C=13: recognizes end of a byte
C=20: recognize output of 0 bit
C=21: recognize output of 1 bit
C=end: input list, expanded lazily</code></pre>
<p><code>1</code> denotes a variable, with the next entry its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_index">de Bruijn
index</a>.</p>
<p><code>2</code> denotes application with the next entry the size of the term being applied.</p>
<p><code>3</code> denotes lambda abstraction.</p>
<p>A closure consists of the following items:</p>
<ol start="0" type="1">
<li>pointer to the next closure (as part of an environment), or next record on
free list.</li>
<li>reference count.</li>
<li>pointer to environment.</li>
<li>lambda term (index in term space).</li>
</ol>
<p>Here’s what each variable does:</p>
<pre><code> L Lambda term space
m mode: 0 for bits and 7 for bytes
b bits remaining unread in I, -1 on EOF
D Desirable temporary
c continuation context
a active environment pointer
C Current term index
U Ultimate term pointer
u utility entry
B Born to be free-list of closures
I Input character
O Output character
e entry of current term</code></pre>
<p>Here’s what each of the 6 auxiliary functions do:</p>
<pre><code> s variable lookup in active environment with de Bruijn index u
S gets one bit of input, setting b to -1 on EOF or to remaining number of bits in current byte
k copy fragment from string literal holding lambda terms xor 46 into current end of term space
x expand input, adding 11 (resp. 99) entries to term space for bit (resp. byte) mode
p parses BLC-encoded lambda term using S(), stores results in term space and returns length
d decrease reference counter, add record to free list on reaching zero</code></pre>
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