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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>1991/westley - Grand Prize</h2>
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<h3>plays tic-tac-toe where output for next move that prints board</h3>
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</div>
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<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/header.default.html -->
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<a class="Left" href="../rince/index.html">← 1991/rince</a>
|
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<a class="Left" href="../index.html">↑ 1991 ↑</a>
|
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<a class="Left" href="../../1992/adrian/index.html">1992/adrian →</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.c">C code</a>
|
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<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/Makefile">Makefile</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="#inventory">Inventory</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.orig.c">Original C</a>
|
||
<a class="Right" href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F1991%2Fwestley%2Findex.html">✓</a>
|
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</div>
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<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-author.sh -->
|
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<h2 id="author">Author:</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Name: <a href="../../authors.html#Brian_Westley">Brian Westley</a><br>
|
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Location: <a href="../../location.html#US">US</a> - <em>United States of America</em> (<em>United States</em>)</li>
|
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<!-- BEFORE: 1st line of markdown file: 1991/westley/README.md -->
|
||
<h2 id="to-build">To build:</h2>
|
||
<pre><code> make all</code></pre>
|
||
<p>There is an <a href="#alternate-code">alternate version</a> that is supposed to win all the
|
||
time.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="bugs-and-misfeatures">Bugs and (Mis)features:</h3>
|
||
<p>The current status of this entry is:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>STATUS: INABIAF - please DO NOT fix</strong></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>For more detailed information see <a href="../../bugs.html#1991_westley">1991/westley in bugs.html</a>.</p>
|
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<h2 id="to-use">To use:</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: we have provided a script to perform the below procedure which we include
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for the interested. See the <a href="#try">try</a> section if you just want to play.</p>
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<p>Make and then run as follows:</p>
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<pre><code> ./westley [move_location] | tee nextmove.c</code></pre>
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<p>where the <code>move_location</code> is a digit from 1 to 9 that represents
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a move on a tic-tac-toe board:</p>
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<pre><code> 1 2 3
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4 5 6
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7 8 9</code></pre>
|
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<p>If you omit <code>move_location</code>, then the computer moves first. For your
|
||
next move, recompile <code>nextmove.c</code> and play it again:</p>
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<pre><code> make nextmove
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./nextmove move_location | tee nextmove.c</code></pre>
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<h2 id="try">Try:</h2>
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<p>We have provided the shell script, <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/ttt.sh">ttt.sh</a>, to make it easier to play the
|
||
game:</p>
|
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<pre><code> make ttt
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./ttt [first_move]
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./ttt next_move</code></pre>
|
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<p>The shell script determines when the game is over, and automatically replaces
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||
<code>merlyn.c</code> (copied from <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.c">westley.c</a> with an improved version after a
|
||
loss). The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/ttt.sh">ttt</a> script has two other modes:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> # cancel any game in progress,
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# revert to merlyn.c:
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||
./ttt quitgame
|
||
# remove all game files,
|
||
# revert to original source:
|
||
./ttt clobber</code></pre>
|
||
<p>For example here is a potentially losing game:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> ./ttt 1
|
||
./ttt 4
|
||
./ttt 6</code></pre>
|
||
<p>To see what it might look like, try it out.</p>
|
||
<p>The script redirects stderr to <code>/dev/null</code> by default. If you need errors or
|
||
warnings use <code>-e</code>.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="alternate-code">Alternate code:</h2>
|
||
<p>This version is based on the author’s remarks. It is not supposed to lose but it
|
||
can lose if you cheat. That’s supposed to happen. Can you win any other time?</p>
|
||
<h3 id="alternate-build">Alternate build:</h3>
|
||
<pre><code> make alt</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="alternate-use">Alternate use:</h3>
|
||
<p>Rather than use <code>ttt</code> try the script <code>ttt.alt</code> instead.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="judges-remarks">Judges’ remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>Can you figure out why the board looks different than the
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.c">westley.c</a>?</p>
|
||
<p>What happens if you make a move already made?</p>
|
||
<p>Now go try and draw or better yet win! Why is win better than draw? Because
|
||
everyone knows how to draw:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>Professor Falken</strong>: Did you ever play <strong>tic-tac-toe</strong>?</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Jennifer Mack</strong>: Yeah. Of course.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Falken</strong>: But you don’t any more.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Jennifer</strong>: No.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Falken</strong>: Why?</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Jennifer</strong>: Because it’s a boring game. It’s always a tie.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Falken</strong>: Exactly. There’s no way to win. The game itself is pointless. But
|
||
back at the <a href="../../judges.html">International Obfuscated C Code Contest judges’ room</a> they believe
|
||
that you can win <strong>tic-tac-toe</strong>, that there can be acceptable draws.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>Try not to cheat (even though it’s very easy :-) ), the computer has not learned
|
||
how to catch you doing it.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="authors-remarks">Author’s remarks:</h2>
|
||
<p>A tic-tac-toe self-modifying program that “learns”. This C program
|
||
plays standard tic-tac-toe on itself. The code is written as a
|
||
tic-tac-toe grid; moves are carried out within the code.</p>
|
||
<p>The human is <code>X</code>, the computer <code>0</code> [sic, “zero”, not letter “O”].</p>
|
||
<p>The program, when run, reproduces itself with both the player’s
|
||
move and the computer’s move added. Recompile THIS program (using
|
||
the same compile line) and repeat until the game is finished.</p>
|
||
<p>If the computer wins, the “straight face” in the upper right-hand corner, “:-|”,
|
||
will change into a happy face, “:-)”. If it is a draw, the face does not
|
||
change. If the computer loses, the board is blanked and the face changes into a
|
||
sad face, “:-(”. If this happens, the blank board should replace the original
|
||
program; the computer changes its play and will continue to do so until it no
|
||
longer loses games.</p>
|
||
<p>If you want a program that never loses, simply replace the string
|
||
<code>"9999999999 :-| "</code> with <code>"9883857753 :-| "</code>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="how-it-works">How it works</h3>
|
||
<p>The vertical “bars” of the grid are identical functions, with the name of the
|
||
function as <code>a()</code>, <code>b()</code>, or <code>c()</code>. After each function is called, the global
|
||
variables <code>X</code> and <code>O</code> contain bitmasks of where all the <code>X</code>s and <code>O</code>s are placed.
|
||
The statement:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> X=- <char> -1;</code></pre>
|
||
<p>evaluates to <code>1</code>, <code>-1</code>, or <code>-2</code> when <code>X</code> is <code>1</code> and <code><char></code> is one of <code>"X"</code>,
|
||
<code>"0"</code>, or <code>" "</code>. The function <code>S(&X)</code> sets the appropriate bits in (global
|
||
vars) <code>X</code> and <code>O</code> and resets the value of <code>&X</code> to <code>1</code>. This is how the current
|
||
position is computed.</p>
|
||
<p>The player’s move is bitwise ORed into the <code>X</code> mask, and (if it is the opening
|
||
move) the strategy string’s first character is set to the player’s first move
|
||
(or <code>5</code> if the computer moves first).</p>
|
||
<p>The evaluation function <code>y(M)</code> checks if the mask has a winning pattern (any of
|
||
the first eight bitmasks of the <code>w[N]</code> array), and sets the variable <code>q</code> to <code>0</code>
|
||
if it does.</p>
|
||
<p>The player’s move is evaluated to see if the human has won. The smiley is set
|
||
to “:-)” or “:-(” depending on this. Also, if the human has won, the digit in
|
||
the strategy string is decremented to change the computer’s play for the next
|
||
round.</p>
|
||
<p>If the human has NOT won, the <code>e(N,M)</code> function evaluates if ANY move
|
||
not in mask <code>N</code> can produce a win in mask <code>M</code>. The first evaluation
|
||
<code>e(X,O)</code> checks if <code>O</code> can make a legal winning move. If so, the
|
||
computer has a winning move and makes it. If not, the smiley is
|
||
set to “:-|”, and a non-winning move is generated.</p>
|
||
<p>A non-winning move first checks if <code>X</code> can win in one move; if so,
|
||
this move is selected, blocking the win. Otherwise, a move is
|
||
generated by looking down the list of “move templates”. The first
|
||
move template that generates a move that is NOT already occupied by
|
||
an <code>X</code> or <code>O</code> is returned.</p>
|
||
<p>The “move templates” are static tic-tac-toe positions that generate
|
||
possible moves by making the <code>e()</code> function return “winning” moves,
|
||
e.g. the template:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> . . .
|
||
O , O (this is the value 40; 2^3+2^5)
|
||
. . . ("O"s are 1 bits,
|
||
"." and "," are 0 bits)</code></pre>
|
||
<p>…will make the <code>e()</code> function return a center move, as this is the only move
|
||
that produces three in a row. Notice that the computer does not consider which
|
||
cells contain <code>X</code>s and <code>O</code>s when making a template move, only which cells are
|
||
empty and not-empty. This makes for unusual play.</p>
|
||
<p>The templates are carefully chosen to eventually block all traps that <code>X</code> can
|
||
try, by just blundering in the way.</p>
|
||
<p>Also note that the winning & strategy templates are part of the
|
||
compile line, making it possible to change the rules of the game by
|
||
changing the compile line.</p>
|
||
<p>The templates are:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> O , O
|
||
, , ,
|
||
O , O
|
||
|
||
, . .
|
||
. O .
|
||
. . O
|
||
|
||
. . .
|
||
O , O
|
||
. . .
|
||
|
||
. . .
|
||
O O ,
|
||
. . .
|
||
|
||
. . .
|
||
O , O
|
||
. . .
|
||
|
||
. , ,
|
||
. O .
|
||
O O ,
|
||
|
||
O , O
|
||
, , .
|
||
O . .
|
||
|
||
, . O
|
||
O , O
|
||
O . ,
|
||
|
||
O . ,
|
||
O , O
|
||
, . O
|
||
|
||
O , O
|
||
, , ,
|
||
O , O</code></pre>
|
||
<p>A digit of <code>9</code> means start with the first template, <code>8</code> starts at
|
||
the second, etc. The templates are scanned until a legal move is
|
||
found. A template is scanned from bottom to top, right to left
|
||
(i.e. move <code>9</code> is tested first, then <code>8</code>, down to move <code>1</code>).</p>
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content generated by: bin/output-index-inventory.sh -->
|
||
|
||
<div id="inventory">
|
||
<h1 id="inventory-for-1991westley">Inventory for 1991/westley</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="primary-files">Primary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.c">westley.c</a> - entry source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/Makefile">Makefile</a> - entry Makefile</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.alt.c">westley.alt.c</a> - alternate source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/westley.orig.c">westley.orig.c</a> - original source code</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/ttt.alt.sh">ttt.alt.sh</a> - script to play alternate version</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/ttt.sh">ttt.sh</a> - play tic-tac-toe</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="secondary-files">Secondary files</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="1991_westley.tar.bz2">1991_westley.tar.bz2</a> - download entry tarball</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/README.md">README.md</a> - markdown source for this web page</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/.entry.json">.entry.json</a> - entry summary and manifest in JSON</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/.gitignore">.gitignore</a> - list of files that should not be committed under git</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner/blob/master/1991/westley/.path">.path</a> - directory path from top level directory</li>
|
||
<li><a href="index.html">index.html</a> - this web page</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<hr style="width:10%;text-align:left;margin-left:0">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Jump to: <a href="#">top</a>
|
||
</h4>
|
||
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||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END: this line ends content from: inc/after-content.default.html -->
|
||
<!-- START: this line starts content from: inc/footer.inventory.html -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
||
You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
|
||
|
||
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
|
||
|
||
For more information, see:
|
||
|
||
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
|
||
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
|
||
<div id="copyright"><h3>Copyright © 1984-2025 by Landon Curt Noll:
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/faq/#what-does-some-rights-reserved-mean"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer"
|
||
style="display:inline-block;">CC BY-SA 4.0</a></b>.
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/cc.png"
|
||
alt="cc inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/by.png"
|
||
alt="person inside circle symbol">
|
||
<img style="height:22px!important;margin-left:3px;vertical-align:text-bottom;"
|
||
src="../../png/sa.png"
|
||
alt="arrow looping back on itself inside circle symbol"><br>
|
||
You should <b>carefully review</b> the
|
||
<b><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">CC BY-SA 4.0 LEGAL CODE</a></b>
|
||
before using the licensed material.<br>
|
||
You may wish to review the
|
||
<b><a href="../../license.html"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="license noopener noreferrer">highlights of some of the key features and terms</a></b>
|
||
of <b>CC BY-SA 4.0</b>.<br>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2F1991%2Fwestley%2Findex.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
|
||
<a href="#top">Jump to top</a> <a href="#content">Jump to Content</a> <a href="#inventory">Jump to Inventory</a><br>
|
||
</p>
|
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