actor: add fundamental interfaces and concrete Actor impl

In this commit, we add the actual Actor implementation. We define a
series of types and interfaces, that in concert, describe our actor. An
actor has some ID, a reference (used to send messages to it), and also a
set of defined messages that it'll accept.

An actor can be implemented using a simple function if it's stateless.
Otherwise, a struct can implement the Receive method, and handle its
internal message passing and state that way.
This commit is contained in:
Olaoluwa Osuntokun committed 2026-02-06 19:26:54 -08:00
1 parent 3069829d61
commit b055af6420
4 files changed
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package actor
import (
"context"
"sync"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/fn/v2"
)
// ActorConfig holds the configuration parameters for creating a new Actor.
// It is generic over M (Message type) and R (Response type) to accommodate
// the actor's specific behavior.
type ActorConfig[M Message, R any] struct {
// ID is the unique identifier for the actor.
ID string
// Behavior defines how the actor responds to messages.
Behavior ActorBehavior[M, R]
// DLO is a reference to the dead letter office for this actor system.
// If nil, undeliverable messages during shutdown or due to a full
// mailbox (if such logic were added) might be dropped.
DLO ActorRef[Message, any]
// MailboxSize defines the buffer capacity of the actor's mailbox.
MailboxSize int
}
// envelope wraps a message with its associated promise. This allows the sender
// of an "ask" message to await a response. If the promise is nil, it
// signifies a "tell" operation (fire-and-forget).
type envelope[M Message, R any] struct {
message M
promise Promise[R]
}
// Actor represents a concrete actor implementation. It encapsulates a behavior,
// manages its internal state implicitly through that behavior, and processes
// messages from its mailbox sequentially in its own goroutine.
type Actor[M Message, R any] struct {
// id is the unique identifier for the actor.
id string
// behavior defines how the actor responds to messages.
behavior ActorBehavior[M, R]
// mailbox is the incoming message queue for the actor.
mailbox chan envelope[M, R]
// ctx is the context governing the actor's lifecycle.
ctx context.Context
// cancel is the function to cancel the actor's context.
cancel context.CancelFunc
// dlo is a reference to the dead letter office for this actor system.
dlo ActorRef[Message, any]
// startOnce ensures the actor's processing loop is started only once.
startOnce sync.Once
// stopOnce ensures the actor's processing loop is stopped only once.
stopOnce sync.Once
// ref is the cached ActorRef for this actor.
ref ActorRef[M, R]
}
// NewActor creates a new actor instance with the given ID and behavior.
// It initializes the actor's internal structures but does not start its
// message processing goroutine. The Start() method must be called to begin
// processing messages.
func NewActor[M Message, R any](cfg ActorConfig[M, R]) (*Actor[M, R],
error) {
if cfg.ID == "" {
return nil, ErrEmptyActorID
}
if cfg.Behavior == nil {
return nil, ErrNilBehavior
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
// Ensure MailboxSize has a sane default if not specified or zero. A
// capacity of 0 would make the channel unbuffered, which is generally
// not desired for actor mailboxes.
mailboxCapacity := cfg.MailboxSize
if mailboxCapacity <= 0 {
// Default to a small capacity if an invalid one is given. This
// could also come from a global constant.
mailboxCapacity = 1
}
actor := &Actor[M, R]{
id: cfg.ID,
behavior: cfg.Behavior,
mailbox: make(chan envelope[M, R], mailboxCapacity),
ctx: ctx,
cancel: cancel,
dlo: cfg.DLO,
}
// Create and cache the actor's own reference.
actor.ref = &actorRefImpl[M, R]{
actor: actor,
}
return actor, nil
}
// Start initiates the actor's message processing loop in a new goroutine. This
// method should be called once after the actor is created.
func (a *Actor[M, R]) Start() {
a.startOnce.Do(func() {
log.Infof("Actor %s: starting", a.id)
go a.process()
})
}
// process is the main event loop for the actor. It continuously monitors its
// mailbox for incoming messages and its context for cancellation signals.
func (a *Actor[M, R]) process() {
for {
select {
case env := <-a.mailbox:
result := a.behavior.Receive(a.ctx, env.message)
// If a promise was provided (i.e., it was an "ask"
// operation), complete the promise with the result from
// the behavior.
if env.promise != nil {
env.promise.Complete(result)
}
// The actor's context has been cancelled, signaling a stop
// request. Exit the processing loop to terminate the actor's
// goroutine. Before exiting, drain any remaining messages from
// the mailbox.
//
// NOTE: We intentionally do NOT close the mailbox channel here.
// Closing it would create a TOCTOU race with Tell/Ask, which
// check ctx.Err() before sending to the mailbox. Between that
// check and the actual send, the channel could be closed,
// causing a panic. Instead, we drain using a non-blocking
// select loop. Messages sent after this point will remain in
// the buffered channel and be garbage collected.
case <-a.ctx.Done():
log.Debugf("Actor %s: context cancelled, draining "+
"mailbox", a.id)
// Drain any remaining messages from the mailbox
// without closing the channel.
drained := 0
for {
select {
case env := <-a.mailbox:
drained++
// If a DLO is configured, send the
// original message there for auditing
// or potential manual reprocessing.
if a.dlo != nil {
a.dlo.Tell(
context.Background(),
env.message,
)
}
// If it was an Ask, complete the
// promise with an error indicating the
// actor terminated.
if env.promise != nil {
env.promise.Complete(
fn.Err[R](
ErrActorTerminated,
),
)
}
default:
if drained > 0 {
log.Debugf("Actor %s: "+
"drained %d "+
"message(s) during "+
"shutdown",
a.id, drained)
}
// No more messages in the mailbox.
return
}
}
}
}
}
// Stop signals the actor to terminate its processing loop and shut down.
// This is achieved by cancelling the actor's internal context. The actor's
// goroutine will exit once it detects the context cancellation.
func (a *Actor[M, R]) Stop() {
a.stopOnce.Do(func() {
log.Infof("Actor %s: stopping", a.id)
a.cancel()
})
}
// actorRefImpl provides a concrete implementation of the ActorRef interface. It
// holds a reference to the target Actor instance, enabling message sending.
type actorRefImpl[M Message, R any] struct {
actor *Actor[M, R]
}
// Tell sends a message without waiting for a response. If the context is
// cancelled before the message can be sent to the actor's mailbox, the message
// may be dropped.
//
//nolint:ll
func (ref *actorRefImpl[M, R]) Tell(ctx context.Context, msg M) {
// If the actor's own context is already done, don't try to send.
// Route to DLO if available.
if ref.actor.ctx.Err() != nil {
ref.trySendToDLO(msg)
return
}
select {
// Message successfully enqueued in the actor's mailbox.
case ref.actor.mailbox <- envelope[M, R]{message: msg, promise: nil}:
// The context for the Tell operation was cancelled before the message
// could be enqueued. The message is dropped.
case <-ctx.Done():
log.Warnf("Tell to actor %s: message %s dropped "+
"(caller context cancelled)", ref.actor.id,
msg.MessageType())
// The actor itself has been stopped/terminated.
case <-ref.actor.ctx.Done():
// If the actor is terminated and has a DLO, send the message
// there. Otherwise, it's dropped.
ref.trySendToDLO(msg)
}
}
// Ask sends a message and returns a Future for the response. The Future will be
// completed with the actor's reply or an error if the operation fails (e.g.,
// context cancellation before send).
//
//nolint:ll
func (ref *actorRefImpl[M, R]) Ask(ctx context.Context, msg M) Future[R] {
// Create a new promise that will be fulfilled with the actor's response.
promise := NewPromise[R]()
// If the actor's own context is already done, complete the promise with
// ErrActorTerminated and return immediately. This is the primary guard
// against trying to send to a stopped actor.
if ref.actor.ctx.Err() != nil {
promise.Complete(fn.Err[R](ErrActorTerminated))
return promise.Future()
}
// Check if the context is already done before attempting to send. This
// ensures deterministic behavior and prevents a race where the message
// could be enqueued even though the context was already cancelled.
if ctx.Err() != nil {
promise.Complete(fn.Err[R](ctx.Err()))
return promise.Future()
}
select {
// Attempt to send the message along with its promise to the actor's
// mailbox.
case ref.actor.mailbox <- envelope[M, R]{message: msg, promise: promise}:
// The context for the Ask operation was cancelled before the message
// could be enqueued. Complete the promise with the context's error to
// unblock the caller.
case <-ctx.Done():
promise.Complete(fn.Err[R](ctx.Err()))
// The actor's context was cancelled (e.g., actor stopped) while this
// Ask operation was attempting to send (e.g., mailbox was full).
case <-ref.actor.ctx.Done():
promise.Complete(fn.Err[R](ErrActorTerminated))
}
// Return the future associated with the promise, allowing the caller to
// await the response.
return promise.Future()
}
// trySendToDLO attempts to send the message to the actor's DLO if configured.
func (ref *actorRefImpl[M, R]) trySendToDLO(msg M) {
if ref.actor.dlo != nil {
// Use context.Background() for sending to DLO as the
// original context might be done or the operation
// should not be bound by it.
// This Tell to DLO is fire-and-forget.
ref.actor.dlo.Tell(context.Background(), msg)
}
}
// ID returns the unique identifier for this actor.
func (ref *actorRefImpl[M, R]) ID() string {
return ref.actor.id
}
// Ref returns an ActorRef for this actor. This allows clients to interact with
// the actor (send messages) without having direct access to the Actor struct
// itself, promoting encapsulation and location transparency.
func (a *Actor[M, R]) Ref() ActorRef[M, R] {
return a.ref
}
// TellRef returns a TellOnlyRef for this actor. This allows clients to send
// messages to the actor using only the "tell" pattern (fire-and-forget),
// without having access to "ask" capabilities.
func (a *Actor[M, R]) TellRef() TellOnlyRef[M] {
return a.ref
}
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package actor
import (
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/fn/v2"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)
// testMsg is a simple message type for testing. It embeds BaseMessage to
// satisfy the actor.Message interface.
type testMsg struct {
BaseMessage
data string
replyChan chan string
}
// MessageType returns the type name of the message.
func (m *testMsg) MessageType() string {
return "testMsg"
}
// newTestMsg creates a new test message.
func newTestMsg(data string) *testMsg {
return &testMsg{data: data}
}
// newTestMsgWithReply creates a new test message that includes a reply channel.
// This can be used by test behaviors to send data back to the test
// synchronously, especially for Tell operations.
func newTestMsgWithReply(data string, replyChan chan string) *testMsg {
return &testMsg{data: data, replyChan: replyChan}
}
// echoBehavior is a simple actor behavior that processes *testMsg messages. It
// stores the last message's data and, for Ask, echoes it back. For Tell, if
// replyChan is set in testMsg, it sends data back on it.
type echoBehavior struct {
lastMsgData atomic.Value
processingDelay time.Duration
t *testing.T
}
// newEchoBehavior creates a new echoBehavior.
func newEchoBehavior(t *testing.T, delay time.Duration) *echoBehavior {
return &echoBehavior{t: t, processingDelay: delay}
}
// Receive handles incoming messages. It simulates work if processingDelay is
// set, stores the message data, and responds for Ask operations or via
// replyChan for Tell.
func (b *echoBehavior) Receive(_ context.Context,
msg *testMsg) fn.Result[string] {
if b.processingDelay > 0 {
time.Sleep(b.processingDelay)
}
b.lastMsgData.Store(msg.data)
if msg.replyChan != nil {
// Attempt to send the data on the reply channel, but quit if
// it takes longer than 1 second (e.g., channel unbuffered
// and no receiver).
select {
case msg.replyChan <- msg.data:
case <-time.After(time.Second):
b.t.Logf("warning: replyChan send timed out")
}
}
return fn.Ok(fmt.Sprintf("echo: %s", msg.data))
}
// GetLastMsgData retrieves the data from the last message processed.
func (b *echoBehavior) GetLastMsgData() (string, bool) {
val := b.lastMsgData.Load()
if val == nil {
return "", false
}
data, ok := val.(string)
return data, ok
}
// errorBehavior is an actor behavior that always returns a predefined error
// upon receiving a message.
type errorBehavior struct {
err error
}
// newErrorBehavior creates a new errorBehavior.
func newErrorBehavior(err error) *errorBehavior {
return &errorBehavior{err: err}
}
// Receive always returns the configured error.
func (b *errorBehavior) Receive(_ context.Context,
_ *testMsg) fn.Result[string] {
return fn.Err[string](b.err)
}
// blockingBehavior is an actor behavior that blocks until its actorCtx is done.
type blockingBehavior struct{}
// Receive blocks until the actor's context is cancelled, then returns the
// context's error.
func (b *blockingBehavior) Receive(actorCtx context.Context,
_ *testMsg) fn.Result[string] {
<-actorCtx.Done()
return fn.Err[string](actorCtx.Err())
}
// deadLetterTestMsg is a distinct message type used for testing DLO
// interactions.
type deadLetterTestMsg struct {
BaseMessage
id string
}
// MessageType returns the type name of the message.
func (m *deadLetterTestMsg) MessageType() string {
return "deadLetterTestMsg"
}
// deadLetterObserverBehavior is a behavior for a test Dead Letter Office actor.
// It records all messages sent to it, allowing tests to verify DLO
// interactions.
type deadLetterObserverBehavior struct {
mu sync.Mutex
receivedMsgs []Message
}
// newDeadLetterObserverBehavior creates a new deadLetterObserverBehavior.
func newDeadLetterObserverBehavior() *deadLetterObserverBehavior {
return &deadLetterObserverBehavior{
receivedMsgs: make([]Message, 0),
}
}
// Receive records the incoming message and returns a successful result.
func (b *deadLetterObserverBehavior) Receive(_ context.Context,
msg Message) fn.Result[any] {
b.mu.Lock()
b.receivedMsgs = append(b.receivedMsgs, msg)
b.mu.Unlock()
return fn.Ok[any](nil)
}
// GetReceivedMsgs returns a copy of all messages received by this DLO.
func (b *deadLetterObserverBehavior) GetReceivedMsgs() []Message {
b.mu.Lock()
defer b.mu.Unlock()
msgs := make([]Message, len(b.receivedMsgs))
copy(msgs, b.receivedMsgs)
return msgs
}
// actorTestHarness provides helper methods for setting up actors in tests. It
// manages a dedicated DLO for actors created through it.
type actorTestHarness struct {
t *testing.T
dlo *Actor[Message, any]
dloBeh *deadLetterObserverBehavior
}
// newActorTestHarness sets up a test harness with a dedicated DLO. The DLO is
// automatically stopped when the test cleans up.
func newActorTestHarness(t *testing.T) *actorTestHarness {
t.Helper()
dloBeh := newDeadLetterObserverBehavior()
dloCfg := ActorConfig[Message, any]{
ID: "test-dlo-" + t.Name(),
Behavior: dloBeh,
DLO: nil,
MailboxSize: 10,
}
dloActor, err := NewActor[Message, any](dloCfg)
require.NoError(t, err)
dloActor.Start()
t.Cleanup(dloActor.Stop)
return &actorTestHarness{
t: t,
dlo: dloActor,
dloBeh: dloBeh,
}
}
// newActor creates, starts, and registers a new actor for cleanup. The actor
// will use the harness's DLO.
func (h *actorTestHarness) newActor(id string,
beh ActorBehavior[*testMsg, string],
mailboxSize int) *Actor[*testMsg, string] {
h.t.Helper()
cfg := ActorConfig[*testMsg, string]{
ID: id,
Behavior: beh,
DLO: h.dlo.Ref(),
MailboxSize: mailboxSize,
}
actor, err := NewActor(cfg)
require.NoError(h.t, err)
actor.Start()
h.t.Cleanup(actor.Stop)
return actor
}
// assertDLOMessage checks that the DLO eventually receives a specific message.
func (h *actorTestHarness) assertDLOMessage(expectedMsg Message) {
h.t.Helper()
require.Eventually(h.t, func() bool {
msgs := h.dloBeh.GetReceivedMsgs()
for _, m := range msgs {
if reflect.DeepEqual(m, expectedMsg) {
return true
}
}
return false
}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond,
"dLO did not receive expected message: %v", expectedMsg,
)
}
// assertNoDLOMessages checks that the DLO has not received any messages.
func (h *actorTestHarness) assertNoDLOMessages() {
h.t.Helper()
// Allow a very brief moment for any async DLO sends to occur.
time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
msgs := h.dloBeh.GetReceivedMsgs()
require.Empty(h.t, msgs, "dLO received unexpected messages")
}
// TestActorNewActorIDAndRefs verifies that NewActor correctly initializes an
// actor's ID and provides functional ActorRef and TellOnlyRef instances.
func TestActorNewActorIDAndRefs(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
actorID := "test-actor-1"
beh := newEchoBehavior(t, 0)
actor := h.newActor(actorID, beh, 1)
require.Equal(t, actorID, actor.Ref().ID(), "actorRef ID mismatch")
require.Equal(
t, actorID, actor.TellRef().ID(), "tellOnlyRef ID mismatch",
)
require.NotNil(t, actor.Ref(), "actorRef should not be nil")
require.NotNil(t, actor.TellRef(), "tellOnlyRef should not be nil")
}
// TestActorStartStop verifies the basic lifecycle of an actor: starting,
// processing messages, and stopping.
func TestActorStartStop(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
beh := newEchoBehavior(t, 0)
actor := h.newActor("test-actor-lifecycle", beh, 1)
// Actor should be running and process a message.
msgData := "hello"
replyChan := make(chan string, 1)
actor.Ref().Tell(
context.Background(), newTestMsgWithReply(msgData, replyChan),
)
received, err := fn.RecvOrTimeout(replyChan, 100*time.Millisecond)
require.NoError(t, err, "timed out waiting for actor to process message")
require.Equal(
t, msgData, received, "actor did not process message before stop",
)
actor.Stop()
time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
// Try sending another message; it should ideally not be processed or go
// to DLO.
msgDataAfterStop := "message-after-stop"
replyChanAfterStop := make(chan string, 1)
actor.Ref().Tell(
context.Background(),
newTestMsgWithReply(msgDataAfterStop, replyChanAfterStop),
)
// We expect a timeout here, meaning the message was not processed by
// the echoBehavior's replyChan.
_, err = fn.RecvOrTimeout(replyChanAfterStop, 100*time.Millisecond)
// err == nil would mean a message was received, meaning the actor
// processed it after Stop().
require.Error(t, err, "actor processed message after Stop()")
require.ErrorContains(t, err, "timeout hit")
h.assertDLOMessage(
&testMsg{data: msgDataAfterStop, replyChan: replyChanAfterStop},
)
}
// TestActorTellBasic verifies that a message sent via Tell is processed by the
// actor's behavior.
func TestActorTellBasic(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
beh := newEchoBehavior(t, 0)
actor := h.newActor("test-actor-tell", beh, 1)
msgData := "tell-message"
replyChan := make(chan string, 1)
actor.Ref().Tell(
context.Background(), newTestMsgWithReply(msgData, replyChan),
)
receivedTell, errTell := fn.RecvOrTimeout(replyChan, 100*time.Millisecond)
require.NoError(t, errTell, "timed out waiting for Tell message processing")
require.Equal(
t, msgData, receivedTell, "behavior did not receive Tell message data",
)
lastData, ok := beh.GetLastMsgData()
require.True(t, ok, "last message data not set in behavior")
require.Equal(t, msgData, lastData, "last message data mismatch")
h.assertNoDLOMessages()
}
// TestActorAskSuccess verifies that a message sent via Ask is processed, and
// the returned Future is completed with the behavior's successful result.
func TestActorAskSuccess(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
beh := newEchoBehavior(t, 0)
actor := h.newActor("test-actor-ask-success", beh, 1)
msgData := "ask-message"
future := actor.Ref().Ask(context.Background(), newTestMsg(msgData))
result := future.Await(context.Background())
require.False(t, result.IsErr(), "ask returned an error: %v", result.Err())
result.WhenOk(func(val string) {
expectedReply := fmt.Sprintf("echo: %s", msgData)
require.Equal(t, expectedReply, val, "ask response mismatch")
})
lastData, ok := beh.GetLastMsgData()
require.True(t, ok, "last message data not set in behavior")
require.Equal(t, msgData, lastData, "last message data mismatch")
h.assertNoDLOMessages()
}
// TestActorAskErrorBehavior verifies that if an actor's behavior returns an
// error, the Future from an Ask call is completed with that error.
func TestActorAskErrorBehavior(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
expectedErr := errors.New("behavior error")
beh := newErrorBehavior(expectedErr)
actor := h.newActor("test-actor-ask-error", beh, 1)
future := actor.Ref().Ask(
context.Background(), newTestMsg("ask-error-test"),
)
result := future.Await(context.Background())
require.True(t, result.IsErr(), "ask should have returned an error")
require.ErrorIs(t, result.Err(), expectedErr, "ask error mismatch")
h.assertNoDLOMessages()
}
// TestFunctionBehaviorFromSimple verifies that FunctionBehaviorFromSimple
// correctly adapts a simple (msg) -> (result, error) function into an
// ActorBehavior, handling both success and error cases.
func TestFunctionBehaviorFromSimple(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
beh := FunctionBehaviorFromSimple(
func(msg *testMsg) (string, error) {
return "simple: " + msg.data, nil
},
)
actor := h.newActor("test-simple-success", beh, 1)
future := actor.Ref().Ask(
context.Background(), newTestMsg("hello"),
)
result := future.Await(context.Background())
require.False(
t, result.IsErr(),
"expected success, got: %v", result.Err(),
)
result.WhenOk(func(val string) {
require.Equal(t, "simple: hello", val)
})
})
t.Run("error", func(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
h := newActorTestHarness(t)
expectedErr := errors.New("simple behavior error")
beh := FunctionBehaviorFromSimple(
func(msg *testMsg) (string, error) {
return "", expectedErr
},
)
actor := h.newActor("test-simple-error", beh, 1)
future := actor.Ref().Ask(
context.Background(), newTestMsg("hello"),
)
result := future.Await(context.Background())
require.True(t, result.IsErr())
require.ErrorIs(t, result.Err(), expectedErr)
})
}
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package actor
import (
"context"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/fn/v2"
)
// ActorFunc is a function type that represents an actor which functions purely
// based on a simple function processor.
type ActorFunc[M Message, R any] func(context.Context, M) fn.Result[R]
// FunctionBehavior adapts a function to the ActorBehavior interface.
type FunctionBehavior[M Message, R any] struct {
fn ActorFunc[M, R]
}
// NewFunctionBehavior creates a behavior from a function.
func NewFunctionBehavior[M Message, R any](
fn ActorFunc[M, R]) *FunctionBehavior[M, R] {
return &FunctionBehavior[M, R]{fn: fn}
}
// Receive implements ActorBehavior interface for the function.
//
// TODO(roasbeef): just base it off the function direct instead?
func (b *FunctionBehavior[M, R]) Receive(ctx context.Context,
msg M) fn.Result[R] {
return b.fn(ctx, msg)
}
// FunctionBehaviorFromSimple adapts a simpler function to the ActorBehavior
// interface.
func FunctionBehaviorFromSimple[M Message, R any](
sFunc func(M) (R, error)) *FunctionBehavior[M, R] {
return NewFunctionBehavior(
func(ctx context.Context, msg M) fn.Result[R] {
val, err := sFunc(msg)
return fn.NewResult(val, err)
},
)
}
+73
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@@ -7,6 +7,44 @@ import (
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/fn/v2"
)
// ErrActorTerminated indicates that an operation failed because the target
// actor was terminated or in the process of shutting down.
var ErrActorTerminated = fmt.Errorf("actor terminated")
// ErrEmptyActorID is returned when an actor is created with an empty ID.
var ErrEmptyActorID = fmt.Errorf("actor ID must not be empty")
// ErrNilBehavior is returned when an actor is created with a nil behavior.
var ErrNilBehavior = fmt.Errorf("actor behavior must not be nil")
// ErrDuplicateActorID is returned when attempting to register an actor with an
// ID that is already in use within the actor system.
var ErrDuplicateActorID = fmt.Errorf("actor ID already registered")
// BaseMessage is a helper struct that can be embedded in message types defined
// outside the actor package to satisfy the Message interface's unexported
// messageMarker method.
type BaseMessage struct{}
// messageMarker implements the unexported method for the Message interface,
// allowing types that embed BaseMessage to satisfy the Message interface.
func (BaseMessage) messageMarker() {}
// Message is a sealed interface for actor messages. Actors will receive
// messages conforming to this interface. The interface is "sealed" by the
// unexported messageMarker method, meaning only types that can satisfy it
// (e.g., by embedding BaseMessage or being in the same package) can be
// Messages.
type Message interface {
// messageMarker is a private method that makes this a sealed interface
// (see BaseMessage for embedding).
messageMarker()
// MessageType returns the type name of the message for
// routing/filtering.
MessageType() string
}
// Future represents the result of an asynchronous computation. It allows
// consumers to wait for the result (Await), apply transformations upon
// completion (ThenApply), or register a callback to be executed when the
@@ -44,3 +82,38 @@ type Promise[T any] interface {
// complete it), and false if the future had already been completed.
Complete(result fn.Result[T]) bool
}
// TellOnlyRef is a reference to an actor that only supports "tell" operations.
// This is useful for scenarios where only fire-and-forget message passing is
// needed, or to restrict capabilities.
type TellOnlyRef[M Message] interface {
// Tell sends a message without waiting for a response. If the
// context is cancelled before the message can be sent to the actor's
// mailbox, the message may be dropped.
Tell(ctx context.Context, msg M)
// ID returns the unique identifier for this actor.
ID() string
}
// ActorRef is a reference to an actor that supports both "tell" and "ask"
// operations. It embeds TellOnlyRef and adds the Ask method for
// request-response interactions.
type ActorRef[M Message, R any] interface {
TellOnlyRef[M]
// Ask sends a message and returns a Future for the response.
// The Future will be completed with the actor's reply or an error
// if the operation fails (e.g., context cancellation before send).
Ask(ctx context.Context, msg M) Future[R]
}
// ActorBehavior defines the logic for how an actor processes incoming messages.
// It is a strategy interface that encapsulates the actor's reaction to
// messages.
type ActorBehavior[M Message, R any] interface {
// Receive processes a message and returns a Result. The provided
// context is the actor's internal context, which can be used to
// detect actor shutdown requests.
Receive(actorCtx context.Context, msg M) fn.Result[R]
}