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Proper fix 2006/toledo2 and format README.md

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I've coined a new abbreviation: IABINAF - it's a bug it's not a feature! :-)
Specifically the use of the CP/M emulator does not appear to work right.
Updated bugs.md.

As for the proper fix: it appears that not all the variables that I
changed to a FILE * can be a FILE * or else the wrong combination was
used. It turns out that using longs (like Yusuke Endoh did) will work
but in some cases FILE * is still used as technically the variables are
used as FILE *. I will very possibly look at finding the right
combination (or confirming that this is correct as is - though it seems
not to be at least not technically) another time.

Format fix README.md.
This commit is contained in:
Cody Boone Ferguson committed 2023-05-01 05:09:16 -07:00
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2006/toledo2/.gitignore
+22
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@@ -1,2 +1,24 @@
A
ADVENTUR/
B
BASICS/
C
CPM64.COM
DBASEII/
GAMES/
KAYPROII.ZIP
KERMIT/
MASTER/
MFDISK/
MODEM7/
PRO8/
SOURCE/
THE-WORD/
TINKER/
WS33-1/
WS33-2/
WS33-KPR/
WS33/
toledo2
toledo2.alt
DDT.COM
2006/toledo2/README.md
+103 -68
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@@ -18,13 +18,27 @@ make
[Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) fixed a segfault in
this program which was making it fail to work under macOS - it did not seem to
be a problem under linux, at least not fedora. The problem was wrong variable
types - `int`s instead of `FILE *`s. It now works under both macOS and linux.
Thank you Cody for your assistance!
types - implicit `int`s instead of `longs` and two `FILE *`s. The `long` references
:-) were taken from [Yusuke Endoh](/winners.html#Yusuke_Endoh) and technically
it works if all the variables are `long` but this would trigger (if not
silenced) additional warnings and the correct type is `FILE *`. However changing
them all to `FILE *` (including some that are used as a file) cause compilation
errors. It might end up that a cast is sufficient or the wrong combination is
used but for now this will work and works with both macOS and linux. Thank you
Cody (and Yusuke)!
To end execution press `ctrl-z`. As mentioned in the author's remarks and in the
below section, it is supposed to crash on termination though Cody noted this
does not seem to happen in macOS. He asks ironically: 'if it's supposed to crash
and it does not crash is it actually a bug or is it a feature? :-)'
### INABIAF - it's not a bug it's a feature! :-)
By design this program is supposed to crash on termination.
You must type in caps (except in strings) and this program is indeed
case-sensitive.
## Try:
```sh
@@ -42,6 +56,13 @@ RUN
To end the program hit ctrl-z.
### IABINAF - it's a bug it's not a feature! :-)
Although the program does not crash when reading in `C.BIOS` it appears that the
CP/M emulator does not work as expected at least according to the author's
remarks.
See also [bugs.md](/bugs.md) for more details.
## Judges' remarks:
@@ -57,7 +78,8 @@ of this size, it allows importing files from the host file
system (one by one, so you'll have to be patient).
Remember the good old days and play (or let your kids play)
Adventure (in the directory ADVENTUR within the KAYPROII.ZIP
[Adventure](https://rickadams.org/adventure/) (in the directory `ADVENTUR`
within the `KAYPROII.ZIP`
file referred in the author's remarks); walking in a maze of
twisty little passages all alike is easier than understanding
the code!
@@ -65,55 +87,61 @@ the code!
## Author's remarks:
This program emulates a complete [Intel(r)
8080](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080)
processor, along with a teletype and a disk
controller, just like at the start of the personal
computers revolution (circa 1975).
8080](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080) processor, along with a teletype
and a disk controller, just like at the start of the personal computers
revolution (circa 1975).
It needs an initial memory image to do something
usable, so along it you will find two files
(C.BASIC and C.BIOS). Rename C.BASIC to C and run
the emulator, and et voila! you have the public
domain Palo Alto Tiny BASIC (by Li-Chen Wang),
published on the very first volume of [Dr. Dobb's
It needs an initial memory image to do something usable, so along with it you
will find two files ([C.BASIC](C.BASIC) and [C.BIOS](C.BIOS)). Rename
[C.BASIC](C.BASIC) to `C` (NOTE from the judges: running `make` will do this for
you), run the emulator, and et voila! you have the public domain Palo Alto [Tiny
BASIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_BASIC) (by Li-Chen Wang), published in
the very first volume of [Dr. Dobb's
Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal).
Type using uppercase letters, here are three example
programs, press Enter after each line:
Type using uppercase letters. Here are three example programs. Press Enter after
each line:
```
10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
LIST
RUN
```basic
10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
LIST
RUN
10 FOR A=1 TO 10 10 INPUT A
20 PRINT A 20 INPUT B
30 NEXT A 30 PRINT A+B
LIST LIST
RUN RUN
10 FOR A=1 TO 10
20 PRINT A
30 NEXT A
LIST
RUN
10 INPUT A
20 INPUT B
30 PRINT A+B
LIST
RUN
```
Press Ctrl+Z to quit, by the way, the segmentation fault is
Press Ctrl+Z to quit. By the way, the segmentation fault is
normal at this point.
All good programmers started learning BASIC, now, what about a
CP/M emulator?
All good programmers started learning
[BASIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC), now, what about a
[CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) emulator?
Download the following file (not included because of possible
copyright and blah, blah):
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/os/KAYPROII.ZIP>
Extract CPM64.COM from the SOURCE directory, and copy it to
files named A and B (these will be the disk drives). Now rename
the provided C.BIOS to C and run the emulator.
Extract `CPM64.COM` from the `SOURCE` directory, and copy it to
files named `A` and `B` (these will be the disk drives). Now rename
the provided [C.BIOS](C.BIOS) to `C` and run the emulator.
Now you have a running CP/M system!, with two files on A: drive,
HALT.COM to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and IMPORT.COM
to introduce new files.
Now you have a running [CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) system!, with
two files on A: drive, `HALT.COM` to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and
`IMPORT.COM` to introduce new files.
To get a complete CP/M system, you will need the following files
from the KAYPROII.ZIP, SOURCE directory:
To get a complete [CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) system, you will need the following files
from the `KAYPROII.ZIP` (in the `SOURCE` directory):
ASM.COM DDT.COM DUMP.COM ED.COM LOAD.COM
PIP.COM STAT.COM SUBMIT.COM XSUB.COM
@@ -121,39 +149,44 @@ from the KAYPROII.ZIP, SOURCE directory:
To import them, you must run the emulator with an argument, by
example:
prog DDT.COM
```sh
./toledo2 DDT.COM
```
When the A> prompt appears, do:
IMPORT DDT.COM
```
IMPORT DDT.COM
```
When it ends, do HALT, so the file is saved, and you can start
When it ends, do `HALT`, so the file is saved, and you can start
the same process with another file.
At this time I have tested successfully the following software
from retroarchive.org:
from <http://www.retroarchive.org>:
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/c80v30.zip>
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/Mbasic.com>
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/business/MULTPLAN.ZIP>
- <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/c80v30.zip>
- <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/Mbasic.com>
- <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/business/MULTPLAN.ZIP>
Some programs requiere installation to configure the terminal,
Some programs require installation to configure the terminal,
locate ANSI or VT-100.
### What is an 8080?
It is simply the little brother of the Z80, it has no extended
registers (AF', BC', DE', HL', IX or IY), no relative jumps,
and every instruction beginning with CB, DD, ED or FD doesn't
It is simply the little brother of the
[Z80](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80); it has no extended
registers (`AF'`, `BC'`, `DE'`, `HL'`, `IX` or `IY`), no relative jumps,
and every instruction beginning with `CB`, `DD`, `ED` or `FD` doesn't
exist.
The flags are only S (Sign, bit 7), Z (Zero, bit 6), P (Parity,
bit 2) and C (Carry, bit 0).
The flags are only `S` (Sign, bit 7), `Z` (Zero, bit 6), `P` (Parity,
bit 2) and `C` (Carry, bit 0).
### Porting it
It is easy if your platform has getch/kbhit and
ANSI terminal
ANSI terminal:
read --> Z=kbhit()?getch():0
write --> putchar(7[o])
@@ -164,34 +197,33 @@ Also add the following to trap Ctrl-C:
#include <signal.h>
signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
On PC/DOS you need to add ANSI.SYS to CONFIG.SYS
NOTE from the judges: in Unix like systems `getch()` is part of curses but this
is not what is needed.
In *NIX the min 0 on stty is required, circa 2001
On PC/DOS you need to add `ANSI.SYS` to `CONFIG.SYS`.
In Unix the min 0 on `stty` is required but circa 2001
it was not required.
.
.
.
### How it works (SPOILER)
.
.
.
The l array contains the 64K memory, it is initialized with a
boot image loaded from the 'C' file, the program counter is the
c pointer, and regitser are on o[]. The main loops reads every
op-code and separates it in one of three common forms, a lot
of trinary operators selects the instruction.
The `l` array contains the 64K memory; it is initialized with a
boot image loaded from the `C` file. The program counter is the
`c` pointer and registers are in `o[]`. The main loop reads every
opcode and separates them in one of three common forms. A lot
of ternary operators selects the instruction.
```
o[0] = B register o[1] = C register
o[2] = D register o[3] = E register
o[4] = H register o[5] = L register
o[6] = Flags o[7] = A or accumulator
```
The following instructions do peripheral operation:
```
76 Quits emulator
DB 00 Reads key pressed status
DB 01 Reads key
@@ -199,33 +231,36 @@ The following instructions do peripheral operation:
D3 xx Writes byte from acc. to console
ED ED 02 Reads sector
ED ED 03 Writes sector
```
Memory addresses:
```
FBFA = Low source/target direction
FBFB - High source/target direction
FBFC - Sector
FBFD - Low cylinder
FBFE - High cylinder
FBFF - Drive.
```
The BIOS is tailor made for this emulator, and helps to simplify it.
Other notes:
### Other notes
- The 8080 runs at your computer speed divided
between a number that I have not calculated.
- This obfuscated processor is created using
obfuscated code produced by an obfuscated mind,
obfuscated code produced by an obfuscated mind;
no brains were harmed during its production,
except those that tried to read the code.
- The original version of this code was eated
- The original version of this code was eaten
by my C++ dog.
- I intended to make it simple to understand,
- I intended to make it simple to understand;
it uses only four C keywords.
- Also I discovered that braces are very useful
for commenting.
- Why to bother with prototypes?, every good C
- Why bother with prototypes? Every good C
programmer can develop its C programs using
only one function.
2006/toledo2/toledo2.c
+3 -1
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@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define n(o,p,e)=y=(z=a(e)%16 p x%16 p o,a(e)p x p o),h(
#define s 6[o]
#define p z=l[d(9)]|l[d(9)+1]<<8,1<(9[o]+=2)||++8[o]
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@
unsigned char o[10],l[78114],*c=l,*k=l
#define d(e)o[e]+256*o[e-1]
#define h(l)s=l>>8&1|128&y|!(y&255)*64|16&z|2,y^=y>>4,y^=y<<2,y^=~y>>1,s|=y&4
+64506; FILE *u, *e, *V, *v;x,y,z,Z; main(r,U)char**U;{
+64506; FILE *u, *v; long e,V,x,y,z,Z; main(r,U)char**U;{
{ { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } }
{ { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } }
bugs.md
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@@ -1786,8 +1786,31 @@ exist or cannot be opened.
## [2006/toledo2](2006/toledo2/toledo2.c) ([README.md](2006/toledo2/README.md))
## STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix
[Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) fixed this program to
not crash in macOS (it appeared to work fine in fedora linux on an `x86_64`
architecture but he does not know if it crashed in macOS Ventura due to the fact
it is an `arm64` CPU - the Apple silicon chip). This fix, BTW, is a mix of a fix
by [Yusuke Endoh](/winners.html#Yusuke_Endoh) and Cody's. Nevertheless there are
two features that are not bugs and one bug (see below).
By design this program is supposed to crash on termination.
You must type in caps (except in strings) and this program is indeed
case-sensitive.
## STATUS: known bug - please help us fix
The author showed something like this in their remarks:
```sh
./toledo2 DDT.COM
A> IMPORT DDT.COM
```
but the `A>` prompt never appears; instead it's just the same as if you
specified no arg.
# 2007
# 2008
# 2009