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Proper fix 2006/toledo2 and format README.md

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I've coined a new abbreviation: IABINAF - it's a bug it's not a feature! :-)
Specifically the use of the CP/M emulator does not appear to work right.
Updated bugs.md.

As for the proper fix: it appears that not all the variables that I
changed to a FILE * can be a FILE * or else the wrong combination was
used. It turns out that using longs (like Yusuke Endoh did) will work
but in some cases FILE * is still used as technically the variables are
used as FILE *. I will very possibly look at finding the right
combination (or confirming that this is correct as is - though it seems
not to be at least not technically) another time.

Format fix README.md.
This commit is contained in:
Cody Boone Ferguson committed 2023-05-01 05:09:16 -07:00
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2006/toledo2/.gitignore
+22
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@@ -1,2 +1,24 @@
A
ADVENTUR/
B
BASICS/
C C
CPM64.COM
DBASEII/
GAMES/
KAYPROII.ZIP
KERMIT/
MASTER/
MFDISK/
MODEM7/
PRO8/
SOURCE/
THE-WORD/
TINKER/
WS33-1/
WS33-2/
WS33-KPR/
WS33/
toledo2 toledo2
toledo2.alt
DDT.COM
2006/toledo2/README.md
+103 -68
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@@ -18,13 +18,27 @@ make
[Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) fixed a segfault in [Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) fixed a segfault in
this program which was making it fail to work under macOS - it did not seem to this program which was making it fail to work under macOS - it did not seem to
be a problem under linux, at least not fedora. The problem was wrong variable be a problem under linux, at least not fedora. The problem was wrong variable
types - `int`s instead of `FILE *`s. It now works under both macOS and linux. types - implicit `int`s instead of `longs` and two `FILE *`s. The `long` references
Thank you Cody for your assistance! :-) were taken from [Yusuke Endoh](/winners.html#Yusuke_Endoh) and technically
it works if all the variables are `long` but this would trigger (if not
silenced) additional warnings and the correct type is `FILE *`. However changing
them all to `FILE *` (including some that are used as a file) cause compilation
errors. It might end up that a cast is sufficient or the wrong combination is
used but for now this will work and works with both macOS and linux. Thank you
Cody (and Yusuke)!
To end execution press `ctrl-z`. As mentioned in the author's remarks and in the
below section, it is supposed to crash on termination though Cody noted this
does not seem to happen in macOS. He asks ironically: 'if it's supposed to crash
and it does not crash is it actually a bug or is it a feature? :-)'
### INABIAF - it's not a bug it's a feature! :-) ### INABIAF - it's not a bug it's a feature! :-)
By design this program is supposed to crash on termination. By design this program is supposed to crash on termination.
You must type in caps (except in strings) and this program is indeed
case-sensitive.
## Try: ## Try:
```sh ```sh
@@ -42,6 +56,13 @@ RUN
To end the program hit ctrl-z. To end the program hit ctrl-z.
### IABINAF - it's a bug it's not a feature! :-)
Although the program does not crash when reading in `C.BIOS` it appears that the
CP/M emulator does not work as expected at least according to the author's
remarks.
See also [bugs.md](/bugs.md) for more details.
## Judges' remarks: ## Judges' remarks:
@@ -57,7 +78,8 @@ of this size, it allows importing files from the host file
system (one by one, so you'll have to be patient). system (one by one, so you'll have to be patient).
Remember the good old days and play (or let your kids play) Remember the good old days and play (or let your kids play)
Adventure (in the directory ADVENTUR within the KAYPROII.ZIP [Adventure](https://rickadams.org/adventure/) (in the directory `ADVENTUR`
within the `KAYPROII.ZIP`
file referred in the author's remarks); walking in a maze of file referred in the author's remarks); walking in a maze of
twisty little passages all alike is easier than understanding twisty little passages all alike is easier than understanding
the code! the code!
@@ -65,55 +87,61 @@ the code!
## Author's remarks: ## Author's remarks:
This program emulates a complete [Intel(r) This program emulates a complete [Intel(r)
8080](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080) 8080](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080) processor, along with a teletype
processor, along with a teletype and a disk and a disk controller, just like at the start of the personal computers
controller, just like at the start of the personal revolution (circa 1975).
computers revolution (circa 1975).
It needs an initial memory image to do something It needs an initial memory image to do something usable, so along with it you
usable, so along it you will find two files will find two files ([C.BASIC](C.BASIC) and [C.BIOS](C.BIOS)). Rename
(C.BASIC and C.BIOS). Rename C.BASIC to C and run [C.BASIC](C.BASIC) to `C` (NOTE from the judges: running `make` will do this for
the emulator, and et voila! you have the public you), run the emulator, and et voila! you have the public domain Palo Alto [Tiny
domain Palo Alto Tiny BASIC (by Li-Chen Wang), BASIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_BASIC) (by Li-Chen Wang), published in
published on the very first volume of [Dr. Dobb's the very first volume of [Dr. Dobb's
Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal). Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal).
Type using uppercase letters, here are three example Type using uppercase letters. Here are three example programs. Press Enter after
programs, press Enter after each line: each line:
``` ```basic
10 PRINT "Hello, world!" 10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
LIST LIST
RUN RUN
10 FOR A=1 TO 10 10 INPUT A 10 FOR A=1 TO 10
20 PRINT A 20 INPUT B 20 PRINT A
30 NEXT A 30 PRINT A+B 30 NEXT A
LIST LIST LIST
RUN RUN RUN
10 INPUT A
20 INPUT B
30 PRINT A+B
LIST
RUN
``` ```
Press Ctrl+Z to quit, by the way, the segmentation fault is Press Ctrl+Z to quit. By the way, the segmentation fault is
normal at this point. normal at this point.
All good programmers started learning BASIC, now, what about a All good programmers started learning
CP/M emulator? [BASIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC), now, what about a
[CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) emulator?
Download the following file (not included because of possible Download the following file (not included because of possible
copyright and blah, blah): copyright and blah, blah):
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/os/KAYPROII.ZIP> > <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/os/KAYPROII.ZIP>
Extract CPM64.COM from the SOURCE directory, and copy it to Extract `CPM64.COM` from the `SOURCE` directory, and copy it to
files named A and B (these will be the disk drives). Now rename files named `A` and `B` (these will be the disk drives). Now rename
the provided C.BIOS to C and run the emulator. the provided [C.BIOS](C.BIOS) to `C` and run the emulator.
Now you have a running CP/M system!, with two files on A: drive, Now you have a running [CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) system!, with
HALT.COM to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and IMPORT.COM two files on A: drive, `HALT.COM` to stop the emulator (so it closes drives) and
to introduce new files. `IMPORT.COM` to introduce new files.
To get a complete CP/M system, you will need the following files To get a complete [CP/M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M) system, you will need the following files
from the KAYPROII.ZIP, SOURCE directory: from the `KAYPROII.ZIP` (in the `SOURCE` directory):
ASM.COM DDT.COM DUMP.COM ED.COM LOAD.COM ASM.COM DDT.COM DUMP.COM ED.COM LOAD.COM
PIP.COM STAT.COM SUBMIT.COM XSUB.COM PIP.COM STAT.COM SUBMIT.COM XSUB.COM
@@ -121,39 +149,44 @@ from the KAYPROII.ZIP, SOURCE directory:
To import them, you must run the emulator with an argument, by To import them, you must run the emulator with an argument, by
example: example:
prog DDT.COM ```sh
./toledo2 DDT.COM
```
When the A> prompt appears, do: When the A> prompt appears, do:
IMPORT DDT.COM ```
IMPORT DDT.COM
```
When it ends, do HALT, so the file is saved, and you can start When it ends, do `HALT`, so the file is saved, and you can start
the same process with another file. the same process with another file.
At this time I have tested successfully the following software At this time I have tested successfully the following software
from retroarchive.org: from <http://www.retroarchive.org>:
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/c80v30.zip> - <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/c80v30.zip>
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/Mbasic.com> - <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/lang/Mbasic.com>
> <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/business/MULTPLAN.ZIP> - <http://www.retroarchive.org/cpm/business/MULTPLAN.ZIP>
Some programs requiere installation to configure the terminal, Some programs require installation to configure the terminal,
locate ANSI or VT-100. locate ANSI or VT-100.
### What is an 8080? ### What is an 8080?
It is simply the little brother of the Z80, it has no extended It is simply the little brother of the
registers (AF', BC', DE', HL', IX or IY), no relative jumps, [Z80](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80); it has no extended
and every instruction beginning with CB, DD, ED or FD doesn't registers (`AF'`, `BC'`, `DE'`, `HL'`, `IX` or `IY`), no relative jumps,
and every instruction beginning with `CB`, `DD`, `ED` or `FD` doesn't
exist. exist.
The flags are only S (Sign, bit 7), Z (Zero, bit 6), P (Parity, The flags are only `S` (Sign, bit 7), `Z` (Zero, bit 6), `P` (Parity,
bit 2) and C (Carry, bit 0). bit 2) and `C` (Carry, bit 0).
### Porting it ### Porting it
It is easy if your platform has getch/kbhit and It is easy if your platform has getch/kbhit and
ANSI terminal ANSI terminal:
read --> Z=kbhit()?getch():0 read --> Z=kbhit()?getch():0
write --> putchar(7[o]) write --> putchar(7[o])
@@ -164,34 +197,33 @@ Also add the following to trap Ctrl-C:
#include <signal.h> #include <signal.h>
signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
On PC/DOS you need to add ANSI.SYS to CONFIG.SYS NOTE from the judges: in Unix like systems `getch()` is part of curses but this
is not what is needed.
In *NIX the min 0 on stty is required, circa 2001 On PC/DOS you need to add `ANSI.SYS` to `CONFIG.SYS`.
In Unix the min 0 on `stty` is required but circa 2001
it was not required. it was not required.
.
.
.
### How it works (SPOILER) ### How it works (SPOILER)
. The `l` array contains the 64K memory; it is initialized with a
. boot image loaded from the `C` file. The program counter is the
. `c` pointer and registers are in `o[]`. The main loop reads every
opcode and separates them in one of three common forms. A lot
The l array contains the 64K memory, it is initialized with a of ternary operators selects the instruction.
boot image loaded from the 'C' file, the program counter is the
c pointer, and regitser are on o[]. The main loops reads every
op-code and separates it in one of three common forms, a lot
of trinary operators selects the instruction.
```
o[0] = B register o[1] = C register o[0] = B register o[1] = C register
o[2] = D register o[3] = E register o[2] = D register o[3] = E register
o[4] = H register o[5] = L register o[4] = H register o[5] = L register
o[6] = Flags o[7] = A or accumulator o[6] = Flags o[7] = A or accumulator
```
The following instructions do peripheral operation: The following instructions do peripheral operation:
```
76 Quits emulator 76 Quits emulator
DB 00 Reads key pressed status DB 00 Reads key pressed status
DB 01 Reads key DB 01 Reads key
@@ -199,33 +231,36 @@ The following instructions do peripheral operation:
D3 xx Writes byte from acc. to console D3 xx Writes byte from acc. to console
ED ED 02 Reads sector ED ED 02 Reads sector
ED ED 03 Writes sector ED ED 03 Writes sector
```
Memory addresses: Memory addresses:
```
FBFA = Low source/target direction FBFA = Low source/target direction
FBFB - High source/target direction FBFB - High source/target direction
FBFC - Sector FBFC - Sector
FBFD - Low cylinder FBFD - Low cylinder
FBFE - High cylinder FBFE - High cylinder
FBFF - Drive. FBFF - Drive.
```
The BIOS is tailor made for this emulator, and helps to simplify it. The BIOS is tailor made for this emulator, and helps to simplify it.
Other notes: ### Other notes
- The 8080 runs at your computer speed divided - The 8080 runs at your computer speed divided
between a number that I have not calculated. between a number that I have not calculated.
- This obfuscated processor is created using - This obfuscated processor is created using
obfuscated code produced by an obfuscated mind, obfuscated code produced by an obfuscated mind;
no brains were harmed during its production, no brains were harmed during its production,
except those that tried to read the code. except those that tried to read the code.
- The original version of this code was eated - The original version of this code was eaten
by my C++ dog. by my C++ dog.
- I intended to make it simple to understand, - I intended to make it simple to understand;
it uses only four C keywords. it uses only four C keywords.
- Also I discovered that braces are very useful - Also I discovered that braces are very useful
for commenting. for commenting.
- Why to bother with prototypes?, every good C - Why bother with prototypes? Every good C
programmer can develop its C programs using programmer can develop its C programs using
only one function. only one function.
2006/toledo2/toledo2.c
+3 -1
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@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define n(o,p,e)=y=(z=a(e)%16 p x%16 p o,a(e)p x p o),h( #define n(o,p,e)=y=(z=a(e)%16 p x%16 p o,a(e)p x p o),h(
#define s 6[o] #define s 6[o]
#define p z=l[d(9)]|l[d(9)+1]<<8,1<(9[o]+=2)||++8[o] #define p z=l[d(9)]|l[d(9)+1]<<8,1<(9[o]+=2)||++8[o]
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@
unsigned char o[10],l[78114],*c=l,*k=l unsigned char o[10],l[78114],*c=l,*k=l
#define d(e)o[e]+256*o[e-1] #define d(e)o[e]+256*o[e-1]
#define h(l)s=l>>8&1|128&y|!(y&255)*64|16&z|2,y^=y>>4,y^=y<<2,y^=~y>>1,s|=y&4 #define h(l)s=l>>8&1|128&y|!(y&255)*64|16&z|2,y^=y>>4,y^=y<<2,y^=~y>>1,s|=y&4
+64506; FILE *u, *e, *V, *v;x,y,z,Z; main(r,U)char**U;{ +64506; FILE *u, *v; long e,V,x,y,z,Z; main(r,U)char**U;{
{ { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } }
{ { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } } { { { } } }
bugs.md
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@@ -1786,8 +1786,31 @@ exist or cannot be opened.
## [2006/toledo2](2006/toledo2/toledo2.c) ([README.md](2006/toledo2/README.md)) ## [2006/toledo2](2006/toledo2/toledo2.c) ([README.md](2006/toledo2/README.md))
## STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix ## STATUS: INABIAF - please **DO NOT** fix
[Cody Boone Ferguson](/winners.html#Cody_Boone_Ferguson) fixed this program to
not crash in macOS (it appeared to work fine in fedora linux on an `x86_64`
architecture but he does not know if it crashed in macOS Ventura due to the fact
it is an `arm64` CPU - the Apple silicon chip). This fix, BTW, is a mix of a fix
by [Yusuke Endoh](/winners.html#Yusuke_Endoh) and Cody's. Nevertheless there are
two features that are not bugs and one bug (see below).
By design this program is supposed to crash on termination. By design this program is supposed to crash on termination.
You must type in caps (except in strings) and this program is indeed
case-sensitive.
## STATUS: known bug - please help us fix
The author showed something like this in their remarks:
```sh
./toledo2 DDT.COM
A> IMPORT DDT.COM
```
but the `A>` prompt never appears; instead it's just the same as if you
specified no arg.
# 2007 # 2007
# 2008 # 2008
# 2009 # 2009