Get all 1988 entries to compile

For 1988/dale it will not compile under macOS. I was able to get it to
almost compile under macOS but there was one problem. As well this 'fix'
will make it not compile under linux. One change was required which was
changing the #define _ define followed by #_ foo to be just '#define
foo' etc.

Added to 1988/isaak/.gitignore isaak.output.

1988/spinellis won't compile with clang.

1988/phillipps will compile but it is likely to segfault at least in
some systems (maybe not all).

Updated many README.md files for the changes above (and probably other
changes I've neglected to write in this log). Most changes in the readme
files are probably just formatting and probably typos as well as how to
compile and run entries nowadays. There might have been other changes.

1988/applin/README.md

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ Best of show:
 
         make all
 
-### To run
+
+### Try:
 
 	./applin
 
@@ -25,10 +26,10 @@ When we compiled applin.c on an Amdahl 5890-300E, we found that it
 spent over 75 minutes in the System V C preprocessor!  Besides showing
 that the standard System V cpp is slow, it showed that it contained a
 memory usage problem.  The applin.c only uses 29 different preprocessor
-symbols (besides <stdio.h> and yet the preprocessor ran out of space!
+symbols (besides `stdio.h`) and yet the preprocessor ran out of space!
 
 The GNU C preprocessor took less than 45 seconds to perform the 2nd pass 
-on the Amdahl 5890-300E.  But due to the ANSI-ness of GNU cpp (v.  1-21), 
+on the Amdahl 5890-300E.  But due to the ANSI-likeness of GNU cpp (v. 1-21), 
 it was not able to cleanly substitute a symbol that began with a '#'.
 Clearly the GNU C preprocessor is faster.
 

1988/dale/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Best abuse of system calls:
+## Best abuse of system calls
 
     	Paul Dale
 	University of Queensland
@@ -7,14 +7,49 @@ Best abuse of system calls:
 	Uni of Qld, 4067
 	Australia
 
-Try: dale hello world
-     dale these files are in this directory: *
+## To build:
+
+	    make all
+
+NOTE: for modern compilers we had to change the C pre-processor lines like:
+
+	    #define _ define
+	    -#_ foo bar
+
+to be
+
+	    #define foo bar
+
+Even so this entry will not compile under macOS. If we change the
+
+
+	    #define a(x)get/***/x/***/id())
+
+to
+
+
+	    #define a(x)get/***/##x##/***/id())
+
+it almost works under macOS but there will still be a compilation error. There
+need not be any other changes under linux.
+
+NOTE: this program will likely dump core.
+
+## Try:
+
+
+	./dale hello world
+	./dale these files are in this directory: *
+
+
+## Judges' comments
 
 This entry has a very twisted flow of control via recursion, iteration 
 and multi-processing.  Try to understand what is being done with the
 system calls.
 
-NOTE: This program assumes the ascii character set is being used.
+NOTE: This program assumes the ASCII character set is being used.
+
 
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
 All Rights Reserved.  Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is

1988/dale/dale.c

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 #define _ define
-#_ P char
-#_ p int
-#_ O close(
-#_ H strlen(*
-#_ h case_2
-#_ case_3 default
-#_ while switch
-#_ L if
-#_ I goto
-#_ l 1
-#_ f write
-#_ J else
-#_ a(x)get/***/x/***/id())
+#define P char
+#define p int
+#define O close(
+#define H strlen(*
+#define h case_2
+#define case_3 default
+#define while switch
+#define L if
+#define I goto
+#define l 1
+#define f write
+#define J else
+#define a(x)get/***/x/***/id())
 P z[l<<(1<<l<<1)<<1<<(l<<1)<<(l<<l<<l)<<1],*v;p r,A=0,c=1;
 q(Q)P*Q;{L(*++Q){*Q-=7;q(Q);}}main(V,C)P**C;{
 p Z=chroot("/");L(!a(u)execv((q(v="/ipu6ljov"),v),C);Z-=kill(l);

1988/isaak/.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 isaak
+isaak.output

1988/isaak/README.md

@@ -17,24 +17,21 @@ The original entry starts with the line:
 
 	main(){};
 
-This works on some 4.3BSD systems.  Why?  Note that #include <stdio.h>
-is given on the last line.  Why is this needed?  Note the unusual calls
-to sprintf.
+This works on some systems.  Why?  Note that `#include <stdio.h>` is given on
+the last line.  Why is this needed?  Note the unusual calls to sprintf.
 
-NOTE:  The program relies heavily on ASCII.  Don't even think of
-       running it on an EBCDIC machine.  If you name the file anything 
-       other than "isaak.c", you must change the #include on line 7.
+NOTE:  The program relies heavily on ASCII.  Don't even think of running it on
+an EBCDIC machine.  If you name the file anything other than "isaak.c", you must
+change the `#include` on line 7.
 
-NOTE: The use of null comments to separate macros to construct different 
-      tokens from a single macro (e.g., "O/**/O" creates either "++" or "--" 
-      by defining "O" to be "+" or "-") may cause some strict ANSI
-      C preprocessors to object.
+NOTE: The use of null comments to separate macros to construct different tokens
+from a single macro (e.g., `"O/**/O"` creates either `++` or `--` by defining
+`O` to be `+` or `-`) may cause some strict ANSI C preprocessors to object.
 
-NOTE: Most System V machines will not be able to execute this program
-      correctly due to the fact that BSD style systems have an sprintf()
-      that returns a char *.
+NOTE: Most System V machines will not be able to execute this program correctly
+due to the fact that BSD style systems have an sprintf() that returns a `char *`.
 
-Due to the above problems, we have replaced the output of this program
+Due to the above problems, we have placed the output of this program
 in the file: isaak.encode.  To read this file do:
 
 	uudecode < isaak.encode

1988/litmaath/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Best small program:
+## Best small program
 
 	Maarten Litmaath
 	Free University (VU) Amsterdam
@@ -7,28 +7,39 @@ Best small program:
 	1183 AK Amstelveen
 	The Netherlands
 
-Try: litmaath eschew obfuscation
+## Try:
+
+	./litmaath eschew obfuscation
+
+
+## Judges' comments
 
 Note the unusual structure:
 
+
 	 while (<condition>)
 		 ;
 
+
 Did you notice that the body is empty?
 
+
 The best one can do to understand how the program works is to give it
 two small strings as arguments, and follow the program closely.  One
 could make the body of the 'while' loop an 'fprintf' with interesting
 variables like:
 
-    fprintf(stderr,
+
+	fprintf(stderr,
 	     "argv=%lo *argv=%lo **argv=%c argv[1]=%lo *argv[1]=%c argc=%d\n",
 	     (long) argv, (long) *argv, *argv && **argv ? **argv : '@',
 	     (long) argv[1], argv[1] && *argv[1] ? *argv[1] : '@', argc);
 
+
 Furthermore, it's interesting to note that only two variables are
 used to achieve everything.
 
+
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
 All Rights Reserved.  Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is
 granted provided this this copyright and notice are included in its entirety

1988/phillipps/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Least likely to compile successfully:
+## Least likely to compile successfully:
 
 	Ian Phillipps
 	Cambridge Consultants Ltd
@@ -7,6 +7,17 @@ Least likely to compile successfully:
 	Cambridge CB4 4DW
 	England
 
+
+## To build:
+
+
+	make all
+
+NOTE: this program will likely segfault under macOS.
+
+
+## Judges' comments
+
 Compile and run without parameters.
 
 The program is smaller than even the 'compressed' form of its output,

1988/reddy/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Most useful Obfuscated C program:
+## Most useful Obfuscated C program:
 
 	Amperif Corporation
 	9232 Eton Avenue
@@ -7,10 +7,19 @@ Most useful Obfuscated C program:
 	U.S.A.
 
 
-Compile and give the following line as input:
+## To build:
 
+
+	make all
+
+## Try:
+
+	./reddy
 	char *(*(fun[16])();
 
+
+## Judges' comments
+
 This is a somewhat restricted version of a useful program that has been
 posted to Usenet.  What is unusual is what it is able to do so much
 in such little space.

1988/robison/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Best abuse of C constructs:
+## Best abuse of C constructs:
 
     	Arch D. Robison
 	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
@@ -7,31 +7,37 @@ Best abuse of C constructs:
 	61801
 	USA
 
-Try: robison 80 10
-     robison 40 16
+## To build:
+
+	make all
+
+## Try:
+
+    ./robison 80 10
+    ./robison 40 16
 
 The first and second parameters are optional.  You might also try:
 
-     robison 80 2   <--- can you find the bug?
-     robison 80 -246
+     ./robison 80 2   <--- can you find the bug?
+     ./robison 80 -246
 
 The author says:
 
-    This program shows that C has many unnecessary constructs, in fact
-    only "while","--", and ">=" are required.  (The two assignments at
-    the beginning could be avoided if "atoi" was rewritten with this
-    new paradigm.)  Note that the lack of both the controversial "goto"
-    and assignment statements makes the meaning crystal clear.  The current 
-    ANSI committee should look into this practical simplification of C.
+>    This program shows that C has many unnecessary constructs, in fact
+>    only "while","--", and ">=" are required.  (The two assignments at
+>    the beginning could be avoided if "atoi" was rewritten with this
+>    new paradigm.)  Note that the lack of both the controversial "goto"
+>    and assignment statements makes the meaning crystal clear.  The current 
+>    ANSI committee should look into this practical simplification of C.
 
 The following might make an interesting benchmark:
 
-     robison 100    
+     ./robison 100    
 
 [Amdahl 5890-300E with System V cc: 8.40 seconds]
 
-We suggest that you C preprocess and perhaps C-beautify this program.
-All is not what it may appear to be in this program.  When does a whi1e
+We suggest that you C pre-process and perhaps C-beautify this program.
+All is not what it may appear to be in this program.  Why does a whi1e
 not take a while to execute?
 
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.

1988/spinellis/Makefile

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ all: data ${TARGET}
 	supernova deep_magic magic charon pluto
 
 ${PROG}: ${PROG}.c
-	@echo "NOTE: This entry requires a non-standard K&R C compiler to compile."
+	@echo "NOTE: This entry will not compile with some compilers like clang."
 	${CC} ${CFLAGS} $< -o $@ ${LIBS}
 
 # alternative executable

1988/spinellis/README.md

@@ -1,22 +1,50 @@
-Best abuse of the rules:
+## Best abuse of the rules:
 
     	Diomidis Spinellis (currently at Imperial College, London, England)
 	1 Myrsinis Str.
 	GR-145 62 Kifissia
 	GREECE
 
-How to compile:
+## To build:
 
-	/lib/cpp spinellis.c > spin.c
 
-and type the following text followed by an EOF ('^D'):
+	make all
 
+and then type a C program into followed by EOF two times (`^D^D`).
+
+NOTE: this entry will not compile with clang. Also be advised that gcc in macOS
+is actually clang so this will not work even with the default compiler in macOS.
+
+
+## Try:
+
+	make clobber all
 	main()
 	{
 	    printf("Hello world\n");
 	}
+	^D
+	^D
+	./spinellis
 
-The author says:
+	make clobber all
+	int main()
+	{
+	    int i;
+	    for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+	}
+	^D
+	^D
+	./spinellis
+
+
+## Judges' comments
+
+We enjoyed this entry this year, however in the future programs must be able to
+be compiled from within a Makefile without the need of human intervention.
+
+The author originally wrote:
 
     This program can be configured to do almost everything.
     The configuration is done during compile time by typing
@@ -25,9 +53,7 @@ The author says:
     but the possibilities are clearly limited only by your
     imagination and programming skills.
 
-FYI: We enjoyed this entry this year, however in the future programs 
-     must be able to be compiled from within a makefile without the
-     need of human intervention.
+
 
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
 All Rights Reserved.  Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is

1988/westley/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Best layout:
+## Best layout:
 
     	Merlyn LeRoy (Brian Westley)
 	Rosemount, Inc.
@@ -7,17 +7,23 @@ Best layout:
 	55108
 	U.S.A.
 
-Compile and execute without arguments.
+## Try:
 
-Note: Your compiler must parse
+	make all
+	./westley
+
+
+## Judges' comments
+
+Your compiler must parse
 
 		#define _ -a
 		-_
 
-      as "--a" and not "-(-a)" or some other tokenized form.  Some strictly
-      conforming ANSI C Preprocessors may object to this: for such
-      compilers, you can elide the nonstandard token-pasting requirement
-      by changing the #define line to:
+as "--a" and not "-(-a)" or some other tokenized form.  Some strictly
+conforming ANSI C Preprocessors may object to this: for such
+compilers, you can elide the non-standard token-pasting requirement
+by changing the #define line to:
 
 		#define _ F-->00||F-OO--;
 
@@ -25,6 +31,7 @@ You might enjoy looking at the output of:
 
 	cc -E westley.c
 
+
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
 All Rights Reserved.  Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is
 granted provided this this copyright and notice are included in its entirety