Get all 1988 entries to compile

For 1988/dale it will not compile under macOS. I was able to get it to
almost compile under macOS but there was one problem. As well this 'fix'
will make it not compile under linux. One change was required which was
changing the #define _ define followed by #_ foo to be just '#define
foo' etc.

Added to 1988/isaak/.gitignore isaak.output.

1988/spinellis won't compile with clang.

1988/phillipps will compile but it is likely to segfault at least in
some systems (maybe not all).

Updated many README.md files for the changes above (and probably other
changes I've neglected to write in this log). Most changes in the readme
files are probably just formatting and probably typos as well as how to
compile and run entries nowadays. There might have been other changes.

1988/dale/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Best abuse of system calls:
+## Best abuse of system calls
 
     	Paul Dale
 	University of Queensland
@@ -7,14 +7,49 @@ Best abuse of system calls:
 	Uni of Qld, 4067
 	Australia
 
-Try: dale hello world
-     dale these files are in this directory: *
+## To build:
+
+	    make all
+
+NOTE: for modern compilers we had to change the C pre-processor lines like:
+
+	    #define _ define
+	    -#_ foo bar
+
+to be
+
+	    #define foo bar
+
+Even so this entry will not compile under macOS. If we change the
+
+
+	    #define a(x)get/***/x/***/id())
+
+to
+
+
+	    #define a(x)get/***/##x##/***/id())
+
+it almost works under macOS but there will still be a compilation error. There
+need not be any other changes under linux.
+
+NOTE: this program will likely dump core.
+
+## Try:
+
+
+	./dale hello world
+	./dale these files are in this directory: *
+
+
+## Judges' comments
 
 This entry has a very twisted flow of control via recursion, iteration 
 and multi-processing.  Try to understand what is being done with the
 system calls.
 
-NOTE: This program assumes the ascii character set is being used.
+NOTE: This program assumes the ASCII character set is being used.
+
 
 Copyright (c) 1988, Landon Curt Noll & Larry Bassel.
 All Rights Reserved.  Permission for personal, educational or non-profit use is