Various fixes in 2013/endoh3: formatting, others
Add note about twitter no longer being used or endorsed by the IOCCC but noting that despite this the award title should remain the same. Unrot13 the spoiler as per the request of Landon months ago. Doing this also allowed for proper syntax highlighting (via the feature of GitHub's languages of code blocks) as rot13 of C/c is P/p. Format fix README.md file.
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@@ -32,13 +32,24 @@ There are also some other musical samples, twinkle.abc and menuet.abc.
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## Judges' remarks:
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This endoh3ram can tweet out a tune and is small enough to tweet.
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This program can toot out a tune that is small enough to posted to most social
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media platforms that have small message length limits.
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This endoh3ram can toot out a tune that is small enough.
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### A modern day (2023) note about the award 'Most tweetable 1-liner' and twitter:
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The IOCCC no longer endorses the use of what was once twitter, or whatever it
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might be called today. We recommend that you pick a responsible social media
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platform to post the program's output on. Nevertheless the award of this entry
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will remain the same for historical purposes.
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## Author's remarks:
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### Remarks
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This is a sound synthesizer for a subset of [ABC music notation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_notation).
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This is a sound synthesizer for a subset of [ABC music
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notation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_notation).
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Try:
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@@ -54,14 +65,14 @@ as `padsp` or `aoss`:
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echo "CDEFGABc" | ./endoh3 | padsp tee /dev/dsp > /dev/null
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```
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If you are using Mac OS X, try [sox](http://sox.sourceforge.net/):
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If you are using Mac OS X, try [sox](http://sox.sourceforge.net/) like so:
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```sh
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echo "CDEFGABc" | ./endoh3 | sox -q -traw -r8000 -b8 -e unsigned-integer - -tcoreaudio
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```
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If they do not work, use the attached script to convert the output
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into a wave file format:
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If that does not work, use the attached script to convert the output into a wave
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file format:
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```sh
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echo "CDEFGABc" | ./endoh3 | ruby wavify.rb > cde.wav
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@@ -69,19 +80,28 @@ echo "CDEFGABc" | ./endoh3 | ruby wavify.rb > cde.wav
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and play `cde.wav`.
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You can enjoy some music scores that I attached:
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You can also enjoy some music scores that I attached. With `/dev/dsp` you can
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do so like:
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```sh
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cat twinkle.abc | ./endoh3 > /dev/dsp
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cat menuet.abc | ./endoh3 > /dev/dsp
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```
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but you should be able to modify it a way to meet your system requirements as
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described above.
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### Obfuscation
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The following sequence of questions may be helpful to understand the endoh3ram.
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The following sequence of questions may be helpful to understand the `endoh3ram`
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program:
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- How does it convert ABC notes into the frequency?
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- What is `89/84.`? I found it by using Stern-Brocot tree.
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- What is `89/84.`? I found it by using the [Stern-Brocot
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tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern-Brocot_tree).
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- How does it generate a wave? Hint: it generates a saw wave.
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### Limitation
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@@ -98,7 +118,7 @@ The following features are supported:
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- `A3` (a dotted quarter note)
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- `A4` (a half note)
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The following features are *not* supported:
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The following features are *NOT* supported:
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- Sharp and flat: `^C` `_C`
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- But it is possible to emit the half tones. Do you see how?
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@@ -110,10 +130,12 @@ The following features are *not* supported:
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### Known Bugs
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You can *not* write a note length immediately followed by a note `E`,
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You can *NOT* write a note length immediately followed by a note `E`,
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such as `C2E2`.
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Can you know why?
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You can work it around by inserting a whitespace: `C2 E2`.
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Can you figure out why?
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A workaround is inserting a whitespace: `C2 E2`.
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### Portability
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@@ -130,61 +152,70 @@ I did write a score of the Happy Birthday song too.
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(It does not matter because the song is out-of-copyright in my country.)
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But I do not attach it to protect you from W\*\*\*\*r.
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For the same reason, do not play a score that contains only `z1092`.
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For the same reason, do not post a score that contains only `z1092`.
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You know, it is ["the famous song"](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4%E2%80%B233%E2%80%B3).
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### Spoiler (rot13)
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### Spoiler
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Urer vf n zntvpny rkcerffvba juvpu V sbhaq ol oehgr-sbepr:
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Here is a magical expression which I found by brute-force:
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```c
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(p % 32 + 5) * 9 / 5 % 13 + a / 32 * 12 - 22
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(c % 32 + 5) * 9 / 5 % 13 + n / 32 * 12 - 22
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```
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Vagrerfgvatyl, vg pbairegf na NFPVV ahzore bs NOP abgrf
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gb gur pbeerfcbaqvat gbar ahzore.
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Interestingly, it converts an ASCII number of ABC notes
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to the corresponding tone number.
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'P' (NFPVV 67) => 3
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'Q' (NFPVV 68) => 5
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'R' (NFPVV 69) => 7
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'S' (NFPVV 70) => 9
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'T' (NFPVV 71) => 10
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'N' (NFPVV 65) => 12
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'O' (NFPVV 66) => 14
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'p' (NFPVV 99) => 15
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'q' (NFPVV 100) => 17
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'r' (NFPVV 101) => 19
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's' (NFPVV 102) => 20
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't' (NFPVV 103) => 22
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'n' (NFPVV 97) => 24
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'o' (NFPVV 98) => 26
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```
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'C' (ASCII 67) => 3
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'D' (ASCII 68) => 5
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'E' (ASCII 69) => 7
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'F' (ASCII 70) => 9
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'G' (ASCII 71) => 10
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'A' (ASCII 65) => 12
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'B' (ASCII 66) => 14
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'c' (ASCII 99) => 15
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'd' (ASCII 100) => 17
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'e' (ASCII 101) => 19
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'f' (ASCII 102) => 20
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'g' (ASCII 103) => 22
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'a' (ASCII 97) => 24
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'b' (ASCII 98) => 26
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```
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Ol gur jnl, lbh pna jevgr n unys-gbar ol gur sbyybjvat punenpgref.
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By the way, you can write a half-tone by the following characters.
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'X' => 4 (= P#)
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'Y' => 6 (= Q#)
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'H' => 8 (= S#)
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'I' => 11 (= T#)
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'C' => 13 (= N#)
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```
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'K' => 4 (= C#)
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'L' => 6 (= D#)
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'U' => 8 (= F#)
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'V' => 11 (= G#)
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'P' => 13 (= A#)
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```
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Abgr gung gur gbar ahzoref fvzcyl rahzrengr gur frzv-gbar fgrcf.
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Fb jr pna pnyphyngr gur serdhrapl rnfvyl: `cbj(2, a / 12.0)`.
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Gura, ubj pna jr pnyphyngr `cbj` jvgubhg `zngu.u`?
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`cbj(2, 1.0 / 12.0)` vf nccebkvzngrq ol `89/84.`.
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(V sbhaq guvf nccebkvzngvba ol hfvat [Fgrea-Oebpbg gerr](uggc://ra.jvxvcrqvn.bet/jvxv/Fgrea%R2%80%93Oebpbg_gerr).)
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Jr pna tnva gur serdhrapl ol zhygvcylvat gur inyhr `a` gvzrf.
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Note that the tone numbers simply enumerate the semi-tone steps. So we can
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calculate the frequency easily: `pow(2, n / 12.0)`. Then, how can we calculate
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`pow` without `math.h`? `pow(2, 1.0 / 12.0)` is approximated by `89/84.`. (I
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found this approximation by using the [Stern-Brocot
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tree](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Brocot_tree).) We can gain the
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frequency by multiplying the value by `n` times.
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Svanyyl, gur sbyybjvat pbqr trarengrf n fnj jnir:
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Finally, the following code generates a saw wave:
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sbe(p = 0; p < yra; p++) chgpune(n = a * Q);
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```c
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for(c = 0; c < len; c++) putchar(a = n * D);
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```
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jurer `Q` vf n serdhrapl naq `n` vf n inevnoyr jubfr glcr vf pune.
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Ol nffvtavat sybng gb pune inevnoyr, gur vzcyvpvg glcr pbairegvba vf cresbezrq sebz sybng gb pune (zbqhyb 256).
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(Fgevpgyl fcrnxvat, guvf orunivbe vf haqrsvarq nppbeqvat gb 6.3.1.4 va P99;
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lbh pna ercynpr vg jvgu `(ybat)(a*Q)` vs lbh ner crqnagvp.)
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where `D` is a frequency and `a` is a variable whose type is char. By assigning
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float to char variable, the implicit type conversion is performed from float to
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char (modulo 256).
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(Strictly speaking, this behavior is undefined according to 6.3.1.4 in C99; you
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can replace it with `(long)(n*D)` if you are pedantic.)
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All that was left was to combine and condense the components. The key is
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squashing them into just one for-loop.
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Nyy gung jnf yrsg jnf gb pbzovar naq pbaqrafr gur pbzcbaragf.
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Gur xrl vf fdhnfuvat gurz vagb whfg bar sbe-ybbc.
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## Copyright and CC BY-SA 4.0 License:
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