Cody Boone Ferguson
3f59415c9d
Make lines beginning (in markdown files) 'BTW' bold. Rebuilt the respective html pages. Slight update to abstract in two entries (1985/shapiro and 1994/shapiro). One is changing 'defines' to '#defines' and the other was a typo fix. Fixed make gen_next: added missing new files. Various fixes in next/register.html (typos and other things).
160 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
## To build:
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``` <!---sh-->
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make
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```
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## To use:
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``` <!---sh-->
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./anonymous 'foo' > bar.pgm
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```
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Now open the output using your favourite
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[pgm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netpbm#PGM_example) viewer. If you don't
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have a `pgm` viewer then we suggest the [netpbm
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toolkit](https://netpbm.sourceforge.net) to convert the image to a graphics
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format that you can view. Most graphical web browsers can display PNG or JPEG
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images. See the
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FAQ on "[netpbm](../../faq.html#netpbm)"
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for help.
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## Try:
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``` <!---sh-->
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./try.sh
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```
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**NOTE**: technically the text is supposed to be in all lower case but the script
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does use some upper case letters for demonstration purposes.
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## Judges' remarks:
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Did you know that in the first edition of [The
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Hobbit](https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Hobbit),
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[Gollum](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/g/gollum.html) was willing to give up the
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ring? It was not the Ruling Ring, the [One
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Ring](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/o/onering.html), the Ring of Power or
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anything like that: it was simply a literary device that could make one
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invisible. When [Bilbo](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/b/bilbobaggins.html) won
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the famous [Riddle-game](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/r/riddlegame.html) Gollum
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went to fetch the Ring - not to kill and eat Bilbo but to give it to him! But
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Bilbo had already found it just like in the later editions. Gollum profusely
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apologised and begged for forgiveness. Bilbo told him never mind because he
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would have had it anyway. But he'd let him off on one condition: that he show
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him the way out. It was at this point that Bilbo slipped the ring on (in the
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same way as the later editions) and Gollum saw him vanish and understood that
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Bilbo had the ring. But there was no call of thief and no hatred of Bilbo. It
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was not until a sequel was called for that this was changed.
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If you want to read the first edition they reprinted it some years back: `The
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Hobbit Facsimile First Edition`. The details are also discussed in [History of
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Middle-earth (HoMe)](https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth) VI, [The Return of the
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Shadow](https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Shadow), part one of
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the history of [The Lord of the
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Rings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings) of a twelve volume set - as well as in [The
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History of the
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Hobbit](https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit).
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Fun fact: at first Gollum was akin to a
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[goblin](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/g/goblins.html)-kind but this was immediately
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struck out and he became a Hobbit.
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p.s. [Frodo](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/f/frodobaggins.html) lives!
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### An important aside :-)
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**BTW**: if you haven't read [The Lord of the
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Rings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings) what are you waiting for? :-)
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You'll find out the source of the text above though you'll see that there are
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some circumflexes missing! That's okay though due to I/O of the entry and in
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earlier drafts sometimes the `û` had no diacritic but `h` after the `u` in
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it (and other times nothing). The real text is:
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> Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,<br>
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> ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
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which when translated from [Black
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Speech](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/b/blackspeech.html):
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<img src="One_Ring_inscription.png"
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alt="The inscription, in the Black Speech of Mordor, on the One Ring"
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width=690 height=127>
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into the [Common Tongue](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/c/commontongue.html) reads:
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> One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,<br>
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> One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
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## Author's remarks:
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This program takes a single command line argument, transcribes the
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argument text into [Tolkien](https://www.tolkienestate.com/life/biography/)'s
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[Elvish](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/e/elvish.html) letters, and writes the
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transcription to standard output as a [portable
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graymap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netpbm#PGM_example) (PGM) file.
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The specific transcription mode is the [Black
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Speech](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/b/blackspeech.html)
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([Tengwar](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tengwar.html) mode), as
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used in the inscription on the [One
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Ring](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/o/onering.html). The program handles the
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following digraphs:
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- `gh`, `sh`, `th`: the corresponding
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[tengwar](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tengwar.html) are output for these
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specific sounds.
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- `mh` denotes the full [tengwa](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tengwar.html)
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for `[m]`; `m` by itself means a horizontal bar above the next letter.
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- `rh` denotes the `[r]` [tengwa](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tengwar.html).
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- `uh` denotes the [tehta](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tehtar.php) for long
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vowel `[u:]`.
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- `zh` selects the up-reaching
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[tengwa](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/t/tengwar.html) for `[z]`, while `z`
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selects the down-reaching one.
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Punctuation marks other than commas and periods are ignored, as are
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whitespace characters. In addition, the argument text must be entirely
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in lower case.
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The following command thus writes a rendering of the [Ring
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inscription](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/r/ringinscription.html) to
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the file `ring.pgm`:
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``` <!---sh-->
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./anonymous "ash nazg durhbatuluhk, ash nazg gimbatul, \
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ash nazg thrakatuluhk, agh burzhumh-ishi krimpatul." >ring.pgm
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```
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The source code assumes the ASCII character set; also, due to space
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constraints, the program uses rather inefficient algorithms, so it may
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waste a lot of time and space even when rendering moderately long
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strings.
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The code contains a vector font which was derived by toying with [Harri
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Perälä](https://alboin.fi)'s [Tengwar Cursive
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font](https://alboin.fi/tengwar.htm). Currently, only the glyphs used in the
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[Ring inscription](https://www.glyphweb.com/arda/r/ringinscription.html) are
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included in the font.
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<!--
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Copyright © 1984-2024 by Landon Curt Noll. All Rights Reserved.
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You are free to share and adapt this file under the terms of this license:
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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For more information, see:
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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-->
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