673 lines
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673 lines
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IOCCC
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Entries
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Winning entries
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<h1>The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<h2>About the IOCCC GitHub repo</h2>
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<h1 id="the-international-obfuscated-c-code-contest">The International Obfuscated C Code Contest</h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>Obfuscate</strong> | <em>verb</em> [with object]</p>
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<p>render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible: the spelling changes will deform
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some familiar words and obfuscate their etymological origins.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>bewilder (someone): it is more likely to obfuscate people than enlighten them.</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>obfuscatory</strong> | <em>adjective</em></p>
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<p><strong>ORIGIN</strong></p>
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<p>late Middle English (as adjective): from late Latin <strong>obfuscat-</strong>
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‘darkened’, from the verb <strong>obfuscare</strong>, based on Latin <strong>fuscus</strong> ‘dark’.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>Obfuscation</strong> | <em>noun</em></p>
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<p>the action of making something obscure, unclear, or unintelligible: when
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confronted with sharp questions they resort to obfuscation | ministers put up
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mealy-mouthed denials and obfuscations.</p>
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<p><strong>ORIGIN</strong></p>
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<p>late Middle English: from late Latin <strong>obfuscatio(n-)</strong>, from <strong>obfuscare</strong>
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‘to darken or obscure’ (see <em>obfuscate</em>).</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The official IOCCC website is <a href="https://www.ioccc.org">www.ioccc.org</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="how-it-was-started">How it was started:</h2>
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<p><strong>It was a dark and stormy night…</strong></p>
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<p>OK, let’s go back to 1984: one day (1984 March 23 to be exact), Larry Bassel
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and I (Landon Curt Noll) were working for National Semiconductor’s Genix porting
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group, and we were both in our offices trying to fix some very broken code.</p>
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<p>Larry had been trying to fix a bug in
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the old Bourne shell
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<a href="https://github.com/dank101/4.2BSD/tree/708b3890ac0c2f034f2840b5ee9125b3c83a05bc/bin/sh">sh(1)</a>
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(C code <code>#define</code>d to death to sort of look like Algol),
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and I had been working on the
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<a href="https://github.com/dank101/4.2BSD/blob/708b3890ac0c2f034f2840b5ee9125b3c83a05bc/ucb/finger.c">finger(1)</a> command
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along with its associated
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<a href="https://github.com/dank101/4.3BSD-Reno/tree/master/libexec/fingerd">fingerd(8)</a> daemon
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from early 4BSD as used by the GENIX operating system for the NS SYS16 system.</p>
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<p><strong>BTW</strong>: The above links to BSD code are only approximations of the BSD code that was being used in the GENIX operating system for the NS SYS16 system. For example, the source code reference to <code>fingerd(8)</code> is well past the 1984 March 23 date.</p>
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<p>If this is what could result from what some people claim is reasonable
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programming practice, then to what depths might quality sink if people really
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tried to write poor code?</p>
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<p>I, Landon Curt Noll, put that question to the USENET news groups <code>net.lang.c</code>
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and <code>net.unix-wizards</code> in the form of a contest. I selected a form similar to the
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<a href="https://www.bulwer-lytton.com">Bulwer-Lytton Contest</a> that asks people to create the
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worst opening line to a novel (that contest in turn was inspired by disgust over
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Clifford">a novel</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton">Edward
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Bulwer-Lytton</a> that opened
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with the line <em>“It was a dark and stormy night.”</em>). The rules were simple: write,
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in 512 bytes or less, the worst complete C program.</p>
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<p>Thru the contest I have tried to instill two things in people. First is a
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disgust for poor coding style. Second was the notion of just how much utility
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is lost when a program is written in an unstructured fashion. IOCCC winning entries
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help do this by what I call <em>satirical programming</em>. To see why, observe one of
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the definitions of <em>satire</em>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Keen or energetic activity of the mind used for the purpose
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of exposing and discrediting vice or folly.</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The authors of the winning entries placed a great deal of thought into their
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programs. These programs in turn exposed and discredited what I considered to
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be the programmer’s equivalent of “<em>vice or folly</em>”.</p>
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<p>There were two unexpected benefits that came from IOCCC winning entries. First
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was an educational value to the programs. To understand these C programs is to
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understand subtle points of the C programming language. The second benefit is
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the entertainment value, which should become evident as you read further!</p>
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<h2 id="suggestions-on-how-to-understand-the-winning-entries">Suggestions on how to understand the winning entries:</h2>
|
||
<p>You are strongly urged to try to determine what each program will produce by
|
||
visual inspection. Often this is an impossible task, but the difficulty that
|
||
you encounter should give you more appreciation for the entry.</p>
|
||
<p>If you have the energy to type in the text, or if you have access to a machine
|
||
readable version of these programs, you should next consider some preprocessing
|
||
such as:</p>
|
||
<pre><code> sed -e '/^#.*include/d' prog.c | cc -E</code></pre>
|
||
<p>This strips away comments and expands the program’s macros without having things
|
||
such as includes and macros cluttering up the output. If the entry requires or
|
||
suggests the use of compile line options (such as <code>-Dindex=strchr</code>) they should
|
||
be added after the <code>-E</code> flag. See the entry index.html and/or Makefile. For the
|
||
Makefiles look at the variable <code>CDEFINE</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>The next stage towards understanding is to use a C beautifier or C indenting
|
||
program on the source. Be warned that a number of these entries are so twisted
|
||
that such tools may abort or become very confused, sometimes even preventing
|
||
them from compiling. You may need to help out by doing some initial formatting
|
||
with an editor. You might also try renaming variables and labels to give more
|
||
meaningful names. Be aware, however, that some entries will not work if you
|
||
rename variables, even if you manage to determine where exactly they are (to say
|
||
nothing of the fact that the name might be elsewhere in the code).</p>
|
||
<p>Now try linting the program. You may be surprised at how little lint complains
|
||
about these programs. Pay careful attention to messages about unused variables,
|
||
wrong types, pointer conversions, etc. But be careful, some lints produce
|
||
incorrect error messages or even abort (or even crash)! Your lint may detect
|
||
syntax errors in the source. See the next paragraph for suggestions on how to
|
||
deal with this.</p>
|
||
<p>When you get to the stage where you are ready to compile the program, examine
|
||
the compilation comments above each entry. A simple <code>#define</code> (or <code>-D</code> at the
|
||
compiler) or edit may be required due to differing semantics between operating
|
||
systems. If you are able to successfully compile the program, experiment with it
|
||
by giving it different arguments or input. You may also use the Makefile
|
||
provided to compile the program. Look at the <code>To build</code> and <code>Try</code> sections at
|
||
the top of the index.html for each entry as well. Keep in mind that C compilers
|
||
often have bugs, or features which result the program failing to compile. You
|
||
may have to do some syntax changing as we did to get old programs to compile on
|
||
strict ANSI C compilers.</p>
|
||
<p>Last, read the judges’ remarks (and sometimes spoilers) on the program. Hints for <code>foo.c</code> are
|
||
given in <code>index.html</code>. Often they will contain suggested arguments or
|
||
recommended data to use. Authors also sometimes provide obfuscation information
|
||
about their entries.</p>
|
||
<p>If you do gain some understanding of how a program works, go back to the source
|
||
and re-examine it using some of the techniques outlined above. See if you can
|
||
convince yourself of why the program does what it does.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="regarding-the-source-archive">Regarding the source archive:</h2>
|
||
<p>Each subdirectory contains all the entries for a single year. Often the file
|
||
names match one of the last names of the author. Judges’ hints and/or comments
|
||
are given in each entry’s <code>index.html</code> file under the section <code>Judges' remarks</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>You may need to tweak the Makefile to get everything to compile correctly. Read
|
||
the index.html files for suggestions.</p>
|
||
<p>The rules for a given year are given in the file named <code>rules.txt</code>. Each
|
||
archive contains a copy of the rules for the upcoming contest.</p>
|
||
<p>The <a href="years.html">years.html</a> web page the official archive of the winning entries.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="regarding-the-distribution-of-sources">Regarding the distribution of sources:</h2>
|
||
<p>All contest results are in the public domain. We do ask that you observe the
|
||
following request:</p>
|
||
<p>You may share these files with others, but please do not prevent them of
|
||
doing the same. If some of these files and/or contest entries are
|
||
published in printed form, or if you use them in a business or classroom
|
||
setting, please let us know. We ask that you drop a line to the
|
||
judges’ email box. See <a href="contact.html">contact.html</a> for instructions on
|
||
how to send us a message.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="some-final-things-to-remember">Some final things to remember:</h2>
|
||
<p>While the idea for the contests has remained the same through the years, the
|
||
contest rules and guidelines vary. What was novel one year may be considered
|
||
common the next. The categories for awards differ because they are determined
|
||
after the judges examine all of the entries.</p>
|
||
<p>The judges’ hints assume that the program resides in a file with the same
|
||
username as the author or <code>prog.c</code> (depending on the year). Where there is more
|
||
than one author, the first named author is used. If an author wins more than
|
||
one entry <em>per year</em> there are different formats used but the first entry has 1
|
||
appended, the second has 2 etc. In some years it was <code>.1</code> and <code>.2</code> instead.</p>
|
||
<p>Some C compilers are unable to compile some of these programs. The judges tried
|
||
to select programs that were widely portable and compilable, but did not always
|
||
succeed. As of 1990, an entry may use both <code>K&R</code> and ANSI C compilers.
|
||
Makefiles for both types of C compilers are used. See the contest rules for
|
||
details.</p>
|
||
<p>You are strongly encouraged to read the new contest rules before sending any
|
||
entries. The rules, and sometimes the contest email address itself, change from
|
||
time to time. A valid entry one year may be rejected in a later year due to
|
||
changes in the rules. See <a href="news.html">news.html</a> for up to
|
||
date information on how to enter.</p>
|
||
<p>Last, <strong>PLEASE DO <em>NOT</em></strong> code in the style of these programs! It is hoped that you will
|
||
gain an understanding that poor style destroys an otherwise correct program.
|
||
Real programmers don’t write obfuscated programs, unless they are submitting a
|
||
contest entry! :-)</p>
|
||
<p>Happy pondering!</p>
|
||
<h2 id="about-the-ioccc-github-repository">About the IOCCC GitHub repository</h2>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/ioccc-src/winner">official IOCCC entries GitHub repository</a> are the
|
||
official entries that won the <strong>International Obfuscated C Code Contest (IOCCC)</strong>, the
|
||
Internet’s oldest ongoing contest.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>IMPORTANT NOTE</strong>: See <a href="contact.html">contact.html</a> for up to date contact details
|
||
as well as details on how to provide fixes to any of the entries.
|
||
See also the <a href="faq.html">IOCCC FAQ</a> for additional information on the IOCCC.</p>
|
||
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|
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|
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rel="license noopener noreferrer">Some Rights Reserved</a></h3>
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This work is <b>licensed by Landon Curt Noll</b> under
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<div id="coda"><h3>Coda</h3>
|
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<p>
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<a href="https://validator.w3.org/nu/?doc=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioccc.org%2FREADME.html" rel="nofollow">Nu HTML check this web page</a><br>
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